Search

Bu çalışma, farklı silolama sürelerinin bazı şeker pancarı çeşitlerinde verim ve kaliteye etkilerini tespit etmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu araştırmada Orthega, Serenada ve Kuno çeşitleri kullanılmış olup pancar kökgövdeleri 5, 10, 15 ve 20 gün tarla silosunda bekletilmiştir. Bu çalışmada kökgövde verimi, şeker varlığı, sodyum, potasyum ve zararlı azot içeriği, arıtılmış şeker verimi, ağırlık kaybı ve günlük ağırlık kaybına ait parametreler incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Orthega çeşidinin silolamaya daha dayanıklı olduğu tespit edilmiş olup 20 günlük silolama sonunda veriminin %13,26 azaldığı görülmüştür. Şeker varlığı %18,07’den %19,31’e çıkmış fakat arıtılmış şeker verimi 1378 kg/da’dan 1255 kg/da’a gerilemiştir. Araştırmada, hasat edilen pancarların tarlada 5 günden fazla silolanmaması sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Aims: The aim of this study was to reveal different basal nutrient media, solidification types and pre-cold effects on high frequency compact embryogenic callus formation and shoot regeneration of Turkish bread wheat genotypes.Methods and Results: Tosunbey, Demir-2000 and Bayraktar-2000 bread wheat varieties were used in this study. The anthers of the varities were pre-chilled at 4 ° C for 0, 4 and 7 days, then, were cultivated different callus induction medium containing different basal media (MS, N6 and B5) with liquid, agar-solidified or gelrite solidified.Conclusions: According to the results; the best calli induction (14%) was obtained from the anthers kept on at 4 C for 7 days on N6 basal liquid medium from Tosunbey variety. While the pre-cold treatment time had positive effects on embryonic callus formation and liquid nutrient media positively affected calli development in Tosunbey and Demir 2000 varieties. Also, N6 basal medium was more effective on embriyogenic callus formation in Tosunbey than other basal media. Developed anthers with calli were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with combinations BAP, KIN, NAA and IBA.Significance and Impact of the Study: According to the results; the highest shoot regeneration capacity (7.5%) was also determined on MS medium containing 2 mg L-1 KIN and 0.50 mg L-1 NAA; 2 mg L-1 KIN and 0.50 mg L-1 IBA from the Tosunbey variety., Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinde haploid bitki eldesine yönelik yüksek frekansta kompakt embriyogenik kallus ve sürgün oluşumu ve farklı temel besin ortamı, katılaştırıcı tipi ve ön soğuk uygulamalarının etkilerini ortaya konulmasıdır. Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çalışmada, Tosunbey, Demir-2000 ve Bayraktar-2000 ekmeklik buğday çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Anterler 0, 4 ve 7 gün süreyle 4 C’de ön soğuk uygulamasına tabi tutulmuş, daha sonra farklı temel besin ortamlarını (MS, N6, B5 mineralleri ve vitaminleri) içeren ve sıvı, agar ve gelrite ile katılaştırılmış kallus teşvik ortamında kültüre alınmıştır. Genel Yorum: Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; en yüksek kallus oluşturan anter oranı (% 14) sıvı N6 besin ortamında 7 gün süreyle soğukta muhafaza edilen Tosunbey çeşidinde elde edilmiştir. Ön soğuklanma süresi artışı embriyonik kallus oluşumuna olumlu etkilerde bulunurken, sıvı besin ortamlarının, agar ve gelrite ile katılaştırılmış besin ortamlarına göre Tosunbey ve Demir 2000 çeşitlerinde pozitif etkisi olduğu, Tosunbey çeşidinde N6’nın kallus oluşumu üzerine diğer besin ortamlarından daha etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Gelişen kalluslar daha sonra çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda BAP, KIN, NAA ve IBA içeren MS besi ortamına (sürgün gelişim ortamı) transfer edilmiştir. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: En yüksek sürgün rejenerasyon oranı (% 7.5) ile Tosunbey çeşidinde 2 mg L-1 KIN ve 0.50 mg L-1 NAA, 2 mg L-1 KIN ve 0.50 mg L-1 IBA içeren MS besin ortamında elde edilmiştir.

Bu çalışmada in vivo koşullarda yetişmiş ve in vitro koşullarda büyütülen Alkanna orientalis (L.) Boiss. var. orientalis ve endemik Alkanna sieheana Rech. Fil. taksona ait bitki örneklerinde toplam alkanin/şikonin (A/Ş), toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerikleri ile DPPH aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Her iki taksona ait doğadan toplanan tohumlar in vitro koşullarda farklı büyüme düzenleyicileri içeren Murashige ve Skoog (MS) besin ortamında sekonder metobolit üretimine uygun çoğaltım ve rejenerasyon ortamında kültüre alınmıştır. A. orientalis‘de en yüksek sürgün sayısı (6.53 adet/bitki) 0.25 mg L-1 BAP, 0.5 mg L-1 KIN, 1.0 mg L-1 IAA , A. sieheana‘da ise 5.57 adet/bitki ile 0.25 mg L-1 BAP, 0.5 mg L-1 KIN, 1.0 mg L-1 IBA içeren besin ortamında elde edilmiştir. Her iki taksonda en yüksek ekstrakt verimi in vivo dan toplanan örneklerde saptanmıştır. A. orientalis taksonunda en yüksek toplam fenolik içerik 172.80 mg GAE g-1 ekstrakt ile in vivo koşullarında kök ekstraktında, A. sieheana için ise 122.99 mg GAE g-1 ekstrakt ile in vivo koşullarda herba ekstraktında gözlenmiştir. Her iki takson için de en yüksek toplam flavonoid içerik yine in vivo koşularındaki ekstraklarda belirlenmiştir. A. sieheana türünde en yüksek toplam A/Ş içeriği (61.45 µg g-1 ekstrakt) in vivo koşullarındaki köklerinden elde edilmiş ve A. orientalis köklerinden 23 kat daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır. En yüksek radikal kovucu aktivite ise A. orientalis için 1000 µg ml-1 konsantrasyonda in vivo koşullarında köklerden, A. sieheana için 1500 µg ml-1 konsantrasyonda yine in vivo koşularındaki herba kısmında belirlenmiştir.

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation approach allows for introducing novel genes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Development of efficient regeneration and transformation protocol is very important for recalcitrant plants like cotton. In the present study, five-day-old germinated mature embryo parts especially embryonic axis, hypocotyl and plumule of cotton ‘Lashata’ were wounded and inoculated with A. tumefaciens strain GV2260 harbouring plasmid p35S-GUS-INT. The binary plasmid p35S-GUS-INT contains neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) gene driven by nopaline synthase (NOS) promoter and β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene controlled by cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. After inoculation, explants were co-cultivated in liquid and agar-solidified MS medium for 48 h in dark condition. Agar-solidified co-cultivation medium increased transformation frequency as compared to liquid medium. The putative primary transformants were confirmed with histochemical GUS assay, PCR and RT-PCR. However, comparing the three culture explant, the embryonic axis explants had significant difference with embryonic hypocotyl and plumule explants in terms of number and percentage (%) of GUS, PCR and RT-PCR positive plant. The total transformation efficiency was recorded as 3% with varying GUS expression levels.

Akdeniz bölgesinde yayılış gösteren, ülkemizde gen merkezi konumunda olduğumuz Arum cinsine ait bazı türleri, tıbbi ve süs bitkisi amaçlı doğadan düzensiz toplanmakta ya da yetiştirilerek uzun yıllardır ihraç edilmektedir. Ülkemizde Arum italicum MILLER türünün üretiminde fungal hastalıklar yumru verimini azaltmakta, yavru yumru oluşturması için uzun zamana ihtiyaç duyması nedeniyle üretiminde sorunlar bulunmakta, ayrıca, doğadan düzensiz toplanması sonucu ekolojik problemlerle karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın da amacı, Arum italicum’da ilk kez doku kültürü teknikleriyle patojenlerden ari hızlı çoğaltımıdır. Çalışmada, Arum italicum yumruları dormansi kırılacak şekilde soğuk ortamda (+4 oC) kültüre alınmış, daha sonra sürgün uçları farklı konsantrasyonlarda sitokinin 6-Benzylaminopurin (BAP), Kinetin (KIN), Thidiazuron (TDZ) ve oksin Indol-3-asetik asit (IAA), Indol-3-bütirik asit (IBA) ve Naftalenasetik asit (NAA) içeren besin ortamlarında kültüre alınmıştır. En yüksek sürgün rejenerayonu (% 35.0) ve en yüksek eksplant başına sürgün sayısı (0.75 adet) 2 mg l-1 BAP ve 0.50 mg l-1 NAA uygulamasından elde edilmiş, bitkiciklerin ortalama % 52’si başarılı bir şekilde aklimatize edilerek yaşatılmıştır.

WOS: 000486533500028 Callus induction and proliferation of Alkanna orientalis var. orientalis and Alkanna sieheana containing valuable alkannin/shikonin (A/S) derivates were investigated using leaf base and stem segment explants. Stem segments and cotyledonary leaf base of both species were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium fortified with different concentrations of BAP, Kn, NAA, IAA and IBA for callus induction and shoot regeneration. High frequency reproducible, prolific and compact calli formation was obtained from the stem segments of both species in all media tested. The frequency variations of callus induction and shoot regeneration were discussed in terms of different species, plant growth regulators and explant resources. A. orientalis and A. sieheana may be considered to be alternative plants for the A/S production in vitro.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding regulatory RNAs that regulate gene expression by guiding target mRNA cleavage or translational inhibition. Drought is a common environmental stress influencing crop growth and development. To date, it has been reported that a number of plant miRNA are involved in drought stress response. In this study, we comparatively investigated drought stress-responsive miRNAs in the root and leaf of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sivas 111/33) by miRNA microarray screening. miRNA microarray analysis showed that 285 miRNAs (207 upregulated and 78 downregulated) and 244 miRNAs (115 upregulated and 129 downregulated) were differentially expressed in leaf and root tissues, respectively. Among the differentially expressed miRNAs, 23 miRNAs were only expressed in the leaf and 26 miRNAs were only expressed in the root of wheat growth under drought stress. Upon drought treatment, expression of miR159, miR160, miR166, miR169, miR172, miR395, miR396, miR408, miR472, miR477, miR482, miR1858, miR2118, and miR5049 were found to be significantly differentiated in bread wheat. The regulatory network analysis showed that miR395 has connections with a number of target transcripts, and miR159 and miR319 share a number of target genes. Drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive wheat cultivars showed altered expression pattern upon drought stress in terms of investigated miRNA and their target transcript expression level.

Abiyotik Stres Geni (Asg1),abssisik asit (ABA) bağımlı yolakta stres koşullarında ozmotik bir pozitifregülatör olup, tuz stresi ile indüklenerek stomal kapanma ve stres koşullarınaadaptasyonu teşvik etmekte ve stres sinyal yolağı ile etkileşebilmektedir. Buçalışmada da, in vitro koşullardafarklı konsantrasyonlarda (50, 100 ve 150 mM) NaCl tuz stresine maruz bırakılanHermesve Slaney patates çeşitlerinde stomadayanıklığı ile ilgili Asg1 geninin ifade düzeyleri araştırılmış, tuza toleranslı olduğudüşünülen Slaney çeşidinde 50 mM NaCluygulamasında kontrole göre istatistikî anlamda önemli seviyede (% 90) artış,tuza hassas olduğu düşünülen Hermes çeşidinde ise 50 mM NaCl uygulamasındakontrole göre % 16 oranında gen ifadesi düşüşü görülmüştür., Asg1 gene is induced by salt stress and apositive regulator of osmotic stress response related abscisic acid (ABA) dependent pathway. The gene is very effective on stomatal closure and can interact with the salt stress signal pathway. In this study, expression levels of Asg1 gene were investigated in Hermes and Slaney potato varieties subjected to NaCl salt stress at different concentrations (50, 100 and 150 mM) under in vitro conditions. Asg1 gene showed over expression under salt stress conditions (50 mM NaCl) in salt tolerant variety Slaney there was a statistically significant (90%) increase in the gene expression, however, expression of the gene decreased under salt stress conditions in Hermes variety when compared with control plants.

Bu calisma kapsaminda, endemik Iris galatica turunun in vitro cogaltilmasi icin bir protokol gelistirilmistir. Bu amacla Iris galatica turune ait olgunlasmamis embriyolar ve in vitro gelisen surgunlerden elde edilen yapraklar farkli konsantrasyon ve kombinasyonlarda thidiazuron (TDZ), 6-benzilaminopurin (BAP) ve α–naftalenasetik asit (NAA) iceren Murashige ve Skoog (MS) besin ortamlarinda kulture alinmistir. Eksplant basina olgunlasmamis embriyolardan 4.85, yapraklardan ise 3.04 adet surgun elde edilmistir. Rejenere olan surgunler 3-5 cm uzunluga ulastigi zaman koklendirmeye alinmistir ve en iyi koklenme 1 mg/l IBA veya 1 mg/l NAA iceren ortamlardan elde edilmistir.

In this study a simple protocol has been developed for the endemic and endangered Muscari aucheri plant. 2-4 bulb scale explants of M. aucheri were cultured in different basal media (Nitsch mineral salts and vitamins, Orchimax Medium mineral salts and vitamins) supplemented with 2 mgL(-1) 2,4-D, 20 mgL(-1) mannitol, 20 mgL(-1) sucrose, 0.5 mgL(-1) NAA and different concentrations of BAP, KIN, 2iP and TDZ. The medium was solidified with 2 mgL(-1) Gelrite. The Orchimax and Nitsch & Nitsch medium promoted shoot and bulblet regeneration. BAP, KIN and 2-iP were suitable for induction of the bulblet for 2-4 bulb scales of M. aucheri. The highest number of bulblets per explant for 2 and 4 scales was achieved on the Orchimax medium supplemented with 1 mgL(-1) KIN and 2 mgL(-1) KIN, respectively. Whereas, the maximum number of bulblets per explant for 4 scales was recorded on the Nitsch medium supplemented with 2 mgL(-1) BAP. However, the Nitsch medium containing 10 mgL(-1) 2-iP gave the best number of bulblets per explant for 2 scales. Bulblets acclimatized very well under greenhouse and garden conditions.

Sternbergia fischeriana is an endangered geophyte and therefore in vitro micropropagation of this plant will have great importance for germplasm conservation and commercial production. Bulb scale and immature embryo explants of S. fischeriana were cultured on different nutrient media supplemented with various concentrations of plant growth regulators. Immature embryos produced higher number of bulblets than bulb scales. Large numbers of bulblets were regenerated (over 80 bulblets/explants) from immature embryos on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.25 mg l−1α-naphthaleneacetic (NAA) or 2 mg l−12,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) after 14 months of culture initiation. Regenerated bulblets were kept at 5 °C for 5 weeks and then transplanted to a potting mixture.

An efficient and reliable micropropagation system for Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) was developed using different explants and media. Node, hypocotyl and cotyledonary node explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with combinations of either 6-benzyladenine (BA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or BA, Kinetin (KIN) and IBA. Direct multiple shoots developed within 6 weeks in all explants in most media tested. The best shoot multiplication capacity was obtained from cotyledonary node explants on MS medium containing 7.1 μM BA and 1 μM IBA or 14.1 μM BA and 1 μM IBA. Elongated shoots were rooted on either MS medium alone or combination with different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). High rooting was achieved in half strength MS medium containing 8 μM IBA.

An efficient in vitro bulblet production procedure from immature zygotic embryos of endemic and endangered Muscari muscarimi Medik. was described in the current study. Zygotic embryos were first isolated from immature seeds and cultured on different nutrient media compositions supplemented with various combinations of ?-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), picloram, dicamba, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and thidiazuron (TDZ). The best bulblet regeneration (59 bulblets per explant) was achieved in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 4 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L NAA after 1 year of culture initiation. Regenerated bulblets were then transferred into MS medium without plant growth regulators for rooting. Bulblets produced well-developed root systems and increased their size on this medium after 2 months. All rooted bulblets were successfully transplanted into a potting mixture and acclimatized to ambient conditions. © TÜBİTAK.

Peach (Prunus persica L.) is one of the most important worldwide fresh fruits. Since fruit growth largely depends on adequate water supply, drought stress is considered as the most important abiotic stress limiting fleshy fruit production and quality in peach. Plant responses to drought stress are regulated both at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. As post-transcriptional gene regulators, miRNAs (miRNAs) are small (19-25 nucleotides in length), endogenous, non-coding RNAs. Recent studies indicate that miRNAs are involved in plant responses to drought. Therefore, Illumina deep sequencing technology was used for genome-wide identification of miRNAs and their expression profile in response to drought in peach. In this study, four sRNA libraries were constructed from leaf control (LC), leaf stress (LS), root control (RC) and root stress (RS) samples. We identified a total of 531, 471, 535 and 487 known mature miRNAs in LC, LS, RC and RS libraries, respectively. The expression level of 262 (104 up-regulated, 158 down-regulated) of the 453 miRNAs changed significantly in leaf tissue, whereas 368 (221 up-regulated, 147 down-regulated) of the 465 miRNAs had expression levels that changed significantly in root tissue upon drought stress. Additionally, a total of 197, 221, 238 and 265 novel miRNA precursor candidates were identified from LC, LS, RC and RS libraries, respectively. Target transcripts (137 for LC, 133 for LS, 148 for RC and 153 for RS) generated significant Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to DNA binding and catalytic activites. Genome-wide miRNA expression analysis of peach by deep sequencing approach helped to expand our understanding of miRNA function in response to drought stress in peach and Rosaceae. A set of differentially expressed miRNAs could pave the way for developing new strategies to alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress on plant growth and development. Citation: Eldem V, Celikkol Akcay U, Ozhuner E, Bakir Y, Uranbey S, et al. (2012) Genome-Wide Identification of miRNAs Responsive to Drought in Peach (Prunus persica) by High-Throughput Deep Sequencing. PLoS ONE 7(12): e50298. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050298