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In Moscow region long-livers we have studied distribution of LPL, CETP, APOE, F2, F5, F7, F13, FGB, ITGA2, ITGB3, PAI-1, MTHFR, MTRR, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1 genes polymorphisms, associated with predisposition to age pathology. Long-livers are characterized by favorable course of cardiovascular diseases accompanied by certain genetic factors. We have established that genotype H-H- of LPL, allele epsilon2 of APOE, genotype CC of MTHFR (677C > T), genotype TC of ITGB3, genotype GA of FGB, HLA-DRB1*11 positively correlate with longevity.

We present experience of using anti-thymocytic immunoglobulin (ATG) in complex therapy of patients with extensive secondary peritonitis at the age of 29-83 years. The research was based on 60 patient cases: 29 (48%) of whom were given anti-thymocytic immunoglobulin (ATG) Antilymfolin in post operative period and 31 patient of the control group who did not receive immunomodulating therapy within the complex treatment. The received data clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of anti-thymocytic immunoglobulin (ATG) usage for normalization of innate immunity indices and inflammation reduction. Immunostimulating effect in patients given anti-thymocytic immunoglobulin (ATG) could be seen on the fourth day of the threatment. The drug is equally effective in patients of young and middle age as well as in patients of elderly and senility age. The positive influence of anti-thymocytic immunoglobulin (ATG) on inflammation is shown with the reduction of CRP, gamma-globuline, alpha1-protein fraction serum levels normalization. The use of Antilymfolin induces the regression of inflammation and apparently improves the quality and duration of treatment and rehabilitation.

The very old people is a growing population group in Russia and in Moscow in particular that requires more close attention as it demands special medical and social approaches. The investigation was based on data obtained from Moscow district clinics concerning the gender and pathologies structure of people aged 90 yrs and older. In this group women prevailed in total amount and among those older 100 yrs. Striking gender difference was revealed in disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism. The most frequent pathologies in this population are cardiovascular, nerve and gastrointestine duct systems diseases that have equal prevalence among men and women. Centenarians appeared to be healthier than those in the group of 90-94 yrs. Many of them could serve themselves without extra help (36,48% versus 13,06%). The results obtained in this research must be helpful in the organization of geriatric clinics and cabinets.

Results of Antilympholin-K3 use in combined treatment of purulent-inflammatory complications in polytrauma, diabetes, infected pancreonecrosis are analysed. Thirty-nine patients aged from 19 to 74 years were treated. Double injection of Antilympholin-K3 enhanced phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic index, chemiluminescence of mononuclears and neutrophils, immunoglobulins concentration. Positive dynamics in immunological indices is accompanied by improving clinical status, cleaning of postoperative wounds from pus, improving of epithelisation.

The authors compare distribution of genotype frequencies and alleles of I/D of ACE gene polymorphism in patients with various forms of ischemic heart disease (IHD): with acute myocardial infarction (MI), stable effort angina (functional class II-III); in patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis (PICS). A relationship was found between I/D polymorphism and acute MI. Frequency of DD genotype in MI patients was 0.57, in controls--0.21, p < 0.0001, RR = 4.9. The DD genotype may serve a marker of hereditary predisposition to MI. Genotype DD frequency in the group with acute MI was higher than that with PICS. In acute MI frequency of allele D was 0.76, in PICS--0.51, p < 0.0005. It is suggested that low frequency of genotype DD in the PICS group results from higher lethality of patients with DD genotype in the nearest rehabilitation period. Patients with repeated MI have a significantly higher frequency of genotype DD and complications after MI. Thus, there is a relationship between insertion-deletion polymorphism of ACE gene and myocardial infarction. Deletion DD genotype raises the risk to develop MI and probability of life-threatening complications and repeated MI.

Aim: To determine incidence of HindIII alleles of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in Russian elderly patients with stable effort angina (SEA) functional class II-III regarding lipid metabolism., Material and Methods: Genotyping by LPL gene was performed in 103 patients with SEA. Of them 13 patients survived myocardial infarction (MI), 29 patients had diabetes mellitus., Results: Incidence of alleles of HindIII DNA-polymorphism of LPL gene both in healthy and IHD patients is comparable with that in the West European populations., Conclusion: Genotype H+H+ of LPL gene is one of the markers of predisposition to MI, while allele H- is one of the resistance marks.

Allele and genotype frequencies of the HindIII polymorphism of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene were studied in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and stable angina of effort (SAE), including long-lived people (over 90). The polymorphism proved to be associated with MI and with the life span, genotype H+/H+ being predisposing to MI and allele H- being protective. The allele and genotype frequencies of long-lived people differed significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg proportions and from those of SAE patients aged up to 90. An excess of heterozygotes in this group suggests a selective pressure which eliminates homozygotes. Possibly, heterozygotes H+/H- have an adaptive advantage, which provides for their longevity.

HLA-phenotype was determined in 59 juvenile patients of Russian nationality and in their 50 relatives by means of lymphocytotoxic test. There was a positive association with HLA-A1, B8 and DR3 and the negative one--with HLA-A2, A9, B5, B7, and DR7. The frequencies of HLA-A1, B8, DR3 were higher in boys than in girls with myasthenia. There were no significant changes of HLA frequencies in ocular form of the disease in comparison with the healthy group. The frequencies of HLA-B8 and DR3 were significantly higher in relatives of the patients with juvenile myasthenia than in control population.

We studied the levels of acute inflammation phase proteins (AIPP), production of alpha, gamma and serum interferons, the activity of epsilon-receptors of T-lymphocytes in 39 patients with bronchial asthma (BA). Correlations were made with the process severity and basic therapy. We discovered imbalance of immunoregulatory mechanisms: enhanced AIPP synthesis, low production of induced alpha and gamma interferons, elevated concentrations of poor-differentiated T-lymphocytes. This confirms persisting inflammation in BA.

Cytological studies of smear impressions from different sites of the buccal mucosa were carried out in 25 subjects (22 women and 3 men) aged 61-85 years. A group of healthy subjects aged 16-33 years were controls. Cells of different degree of differentiation are present in normal mucosa with different epithelial status: intermediate cells, mature cells with pyknotic nuclei, or surface cells without nuclei. In elderly subjects, the percentage of anuclear cells in the last stage of differentiation is increased in almost all sites of the mucosa, with the main characteristics of cytograms of young subjects retained.

Clinical and cytological studies in 41 hematological patients aged 19-70 years showed appreciable shifts in the immune status and nonspecific reactivity virtually in all examinees. Layers of cellular epithelium of late (V-VI) and early (III-IV) stages were more often detected in smears impressions than individual cells. Cells of stages I-II were scarce and never formed layers. In patients with leukemia, signs of dissociation of epitheliocyte nucleus and cytoplasm maturation were observed ("mature" cytoplasm and "young" nuclei). These specific shifts should be borne in mind when rendering dental care to hematological patients.

HLA antigens class 1 have been investigated in Russian patients with multiple myeloma. Compared to controls, myeloma patients demonstrated more frequent occurrence of antigens A11 and B7. Antigen A11 was more common for males and subjects with early response to treatment. Antigen B7 was more frequent in females with the slow response. These correlations are significant without correction on the number of the antigens studied. Association heterogeneity in males and females, in different therapy responders gives grounds for a differential approach to myeloma pathogenesis, choice of drugs, prognosis of survival.

Automated fluorescent microscope developed by the authors permits photometry of microquantities of cellular suspensions in scanning standard 60-well plates with a flat bottom. Automated and semiautomated modes of operation are possible. Fluorescent stains and schemes of staining the examined cells that yield stable results in the lymphocytotoxic test have been selected. Comparative analysis of the efficacies of histocompatibility antigens detection by the routine and the fluorescent technique has shown a number of advantages of the fluorescent method. Specific features of fluorescent stains used for staining live cells are described.

Association has been detected between incidence of HLA-antigens and allergy prevalence in Koreans. Antigen B8 occurs significantly more frequently whereas A3 more rarely in Koreans with allergy. Determination of HLA-antigens distribution may be helpful in prognosis of allergic diseases possibility. Allergies are a rare finding in Koreans due to less common occurrence of antigens AI and B8 in them against Europeans.

The spectrum of HLA antigens was studied in 619 control subjects and 357 patients with atherosclerosis of various localization (coronary, cerebral, and lower limbs arteries). Comparative analysis has shown both agreement and differences to exist between patient groups depending on atherosclerosis localization. Significant differences were also found in the level of various lipid components. A relationship between HLA antigens and lipid markers was demonstrated, especially between locus B and C antigens and HDL cholesterol level. The authors believe the findings can be utilized to determine predisposition to atherosclerosis of various localization.

Changes in the immunological parameters have been studied in the course of treatment with antithymocytic globulin and chemotherapeutic preparations included in the treatment protocols for aplastic anemia and acute leukemia. A possibility of determining the optimal immunocorrective agent dosage is demonstrated as related to its effect on the functioning of the immunocompetent cells in vitro.

Use in the composition of complex therapy of patients suffering from chronic lympholeukemia of antilymphocytic immunoglobulin with an associated antibacterial activity aided normalization of the leukocytic differential count and prevented development of inflammatory and septic complications in these patients.

A total of 235 patients with bronchial asthma and preasthma and their 85 relatives of the 1st degree of kinship were investigated. A detailed clinicofunctional and immunological investigation including a study of histocompatibility antigens, revealed the relationships between bronchial asthma development and antigens A2, B13, B21, B35 carriage. The authors presented a complex of methods (provocative acetylcholine tests, anaprilin test, determination of HLA antigens) permitting the prediction of this disease in patients with an aggravated hereditary and allergological history at the preclinical stage.

Clinical effectiveness of bone marrow transplantation has been analyzed in 83 patients with aplastic anemia. Bone marrow of non-related donors with high degree of histocompatibility, according to the antigen system HLA of loci A, B, C and DR, was used. Freshly prepared bone marrow was transplanted in doses from 3.4 x 10(9) to 15 x 10(9) myelokaryocytes. Immunosuppression was provided by corticosteroid hormones and antithymocytic globulin. Complete or partial remission lasting for more than a year was recorded in 56 patients. Formed elements of the donor's blood were detected in the blood of 39% of the patients (the observation period lasted from 1 to 8 months). Symptoms of a secondary disease were observed in 29% of the patients. Significant changes in the cellular immunity parameters were recorded in all the patients investigated. The character of the time course of these changes may serve as a prognostic factor of myelotherapy effectiveness.

The distribution of transplantation HL-A antigens in 124 patients (cancer of the stomach, mammary glands, the large intestine, the lung, skeletal sarcoma) was studied in microlymphocyte toxic reaction. A comparison with the results of the analogous examination of healthy persons dwelling in Leningrad indicated certain differences in the frequency of encountering some antigens, and the absence of HLA-B18 antigen among patients. Most frequently (in 62%) an "incomplete set" of antigens was found in a group of patients, antigens typical for the whole locus (more frequently "B") being absent in 7.3%. In 6.4% "extra" (live or more) HL-A antigens were noted. The use of adaptive immunotherapy would significantly change antigenic spectrum of lymphocytes in patients.

Based on the data concerned with blood cells from 12 normal persons and 18 patients with acute leukemia, the action of the clinically applied cytostatics and hormonal drugs (6-mercaptopurine, cytarabine, vincristine, rubomycin) on granulocyte functions was investigated in vitro and in vivo (in patients). The respective characteristics were found to be in a good enough agreement, enabling the prediction of the effect of polychemotherapy on granulocyte functions (the digestion capacity). It has been established that each of the drugs under study changes the characteristics of granulocytes to a different degree. The individual sensitivity of the digestion capacity of phagocytes to the drugs under study does not depend on the disease pattern or initial characteristics of the phagocytic activity of the cells.

Immunoglobulin was obtained from rabbit sera following immunization of the animals with a complex antigen composed of a suspension of human thymocytes and killed microbe polyvaccine. The preparation possessed not only antilymphocytic activity in vitro, but also protected the animals after their artificial infection.