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Bu çalışmada, topraktan ayçiçeğine radyonüklid transferini araştırmak için Türkiye’de Kırklareli ilinde 20 farklı tarım arazisinde toprak ve ayçiçeği örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Toprak örneklerinde bulunan 40K ve ayçiçeği örneklerinde bulunan 226Ra, 232Th, 40K ve 137Cs radyonüklid aktivite konsantrasyonları HPGe gama spektrometre sistemi kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Ayçiçeği örneklerinde bulunan 40K radyonüklid aktivite konsantrasyonu 255,86±21,78 ile 426,51±29,42 Bq kg-1 aralığında ölçülmüş, fakat 226Ra, 232Th ve 137Cs aktivite konsantrasyonları ihmal edilebilir seviyelerde bulunmuştur. 40K radyonüklidinin topraktan ayçiçeğine transfer faktörleri hesaplanmış ve 0,34-1,17 aralığında bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, elde edilen ortalama transfer faktörü değeri Dünya’da yapılan diğer çalışmalarla kıyaslanmıştır.

Radon is the largest source of natural radiation all people exposed to. It can form in houses due to building materials or enters through cracks in walls, basement floors and with water used in bathroom showers and faucets. The buildings keep radon inside, where it accumulates and may become a health hazard if the building is not properly ventilated. Radon can be inhaled into the lung, and especially short-lived products of its disintegration can cause long-term internal exposure. In this study, indoor radon survey was carried out at several campuses of Uskudar and Okan Universities by using AlphaGUARD active radon detector.

A spatial simulation method in .mp4 format was proposed to determine Fukushima radioactive fallout transport and the Absorbed Dose Rate, Annual Effective Dose Equivalent, and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk were determined for 10 months after the accident (March 11 2011). The findings of this study demonstrate that an appropriate ARIMA model can be applied for radiation dose time-series in the case of nuclear reactor accidents like Chernobyl and Fukushima to predict the future air dose rates, which can provide valuable information in determining the evacuation zones, decontamination processes, and radiation protection progresses. The model forecasted results and the actual observation data in the same period shows a gradual decrease in the air dose rates during the prediction period. Moreover, there is a good agreement between them as the prediction and observation scatter plot follows each other with small variations. These results provide important insights into the predictability of ARIMA models; thus, the models were utilized to forecast the air dose rates for the period (January 2020 - October 2020).

The Cumulative Hazard Index method has been proposed for the first time to determine the low and high-risk levels of radionuclides. The significant radiological parameters and risk analyses for Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 pollution levels control in the soil are determined through the probability distribution functions. The activity concentration of Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 in samples were found to vary from of 16 +/- 0.6 to 62 +/- 3.2 Bq kg(-1) with an average 30 +/- 1.1 Bq kg(-1), 24 +/- 0.9 to 63 +/- 1.3 Bq kg(-1) with an average 37 +/- 1.0 Bq kg(-1) and 316 +/- 5.8 to 878 +/- 6.9 Bq kg(-1) with an average 525 +/- 6.2 Bq kg(-1), respectively.

The activity concentration of natural Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 radionuclides was examined in some selected locations in Aliaga Bay of Izmir district, Turkey. Sediment samples from 30 locations were collected and analyzed for radionuclides activity concentration by gamma-ray spectrometry using a high-purity germanium HPGe gamma-ray detector. The activity concentrations of the sediment samples range from 23.5 +/- 1.7 to 59.5 +/- 1.6 Bq kg(-1) for Ra-226, 37.5 +/- 0.9 to 64.4 +/- 0.6 Bq kg(-1) for Th-232, and 354.7 +/- 5.6 to 978.4 +/- 5.8 Bq kg(-1) for K-40. Based on the obtained results, the radiological parameters were evaluated. The mean values for absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, and excess lifetime cancer risk were determined and found as 81.64 nGy h(-1), 100.13 mu Sv y(-1), 173.31 Bq kg(-1), 0.47, and 0.40, respectively. Calculated radiological parameters of sediment samples were compared with the World Standard Value. The results obtained in this study were found to be above the globally standard limit for most locations. Statistical data such as skewness and kurtosis were calculated, and frequency distribution, Pearson's correlation analysis, box plot, factor analysis, and cluster analysis were applied in order to assess the distribution of radiological parameters and relationship between them.

A spatial simulation method in.mp4 format was proposed to determine Fukushima radioactive fallout transport and the Absorbed Dose Rate, Annual Effective Dose Equivalent, and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk were determined for 10 months after the accident (March 11 2011). The findings of this study demonstrate that an appropriate ARIMA model can be applied for radiation dose time-series in the case of nuclear reactor accidents like Chernobyl and Fukushima to predict the future air dose rates, which can provide valuable information in determining the evacuation zones, decontamination processes, and radiation protection progresses. The model forecasted results and the actual observation data in the same period shows a gradual decrease in the air dose rates during the prediction period. Moreover, there is a good agreement between them as the prediction and observation scatter plot follows each other with small variations. These results provide important insights into the predictability of ARIMA models; thus, the models were utilized to forecast the air dose rates for the period (January 2020-October 2020).

4th International Conference on Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering (ICCESEN) -- OCT 04-08, 2017 -- Kemer, TURKEY WOS: 000478894500038 To date, myocardial perfusion (MP) has been utilized to assess the adequacy of blood flow to the myocardium in order to determine the ischemic heart diseases. With the advent of SPECT/CT, MP became the most common investigation in the field of nuclear cardiology with more accuracy and details. Thallium-201 and Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) have been early used in cardiac nuclear imaging. Half-life of Tc-99m is 6 h, and its energy is 140 keV, while the half-life of Tl-201 is as longer as 73 h, its X-ray energies range between 69 and 81 kV in addition to gamma rays of 135 keV and 167 keV. The purpose of the present study was to explore the radiation dose rates emitted from the patients following Tc-99m sestamibi injection. To achieve that, the radiation emanated to the environment was measured at different distances from patients and various time intervals for 20 patients using GM counter. The mean radioactivity administered to the patients was 391.1 MBq (10.6 mCi), with a range between 276.8 MBq to maximum of 515.4 MBq. Radiation dose rate was found 9.07 mu Sv h(-1) at 1 m distance from the patient's chest level after 7.6 min, then decayed to 7.93 mu Sv h(-1) after 36.5 min, and 7.83 mu Sv h(-1) later to 66.4 min. It was concluded that 1 m distance from the patients sounds sensibly adequate to maintain the occupational dose within the safe limit following Tc-99m sestamibi injection, while verification of public dose rate

Spatial distribution modelling has been proposed to characterize the radiological hazards associated with concentration of natural 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and artificial 137Cs radionuclides in the nature. These elements have been determined for the sediment samples of the Bafa Lake with the aim of radiation hazard evaluation via a high purity germanium detector gamma spectrometry. Their activity concentrations in sediments are in the ranges of 29.87 ± 2.2–72.56 ± 11 Bq kg− 1 dry weight (dw), 31.57 ± 3.5–66.48 ± 8.3 Bq kg− 1 (dw), 332.01 ± 12–1092.37 ± 21 and 0.65 ± 0.04–3.96 ± 0.78 Bq kg− 1 (dw), respectively. In order to determine the radiological hazard associated with the radioactivity in the samples, the external terrestrial gamma dose rate in air, annual effective dose rate, the radium equivalent activity and the external hazard index are calculated and compared with the data from literature. Moreover, the spatial modelling distributions are obtained visually for radiological hazards characterization of these elements, which are very dangerous in terms of radiological and environmental pollution in the nature. These visual distributions give meaningful information for future researches on the migration of radionuclides in the environment.

The purpose of this study was to determine the level after preconcentration of trace heavy metals ions using drinking fountain water (20 points) in Kirklareli province by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The method is based on the adsorption of nickel(Ni), lead(Pb) and cadmium(Cd) on quercetin loaded on granular activated carbon. In this study, the effectiveness of variabilities including solution pH, the amount of the ligand and solid phase, the condition of eluting solutions and sample volume on the recoveries of metals were optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the preconcentration factor, detection limit, linear range and relative standard deviation (RSD%) of Ni, Pb, and Cd were investigated. RSDs were found below 5%. Further, the accuracy of the proposed method was also checked by the analysis of certified reference material NIST-SRM-1643e. Eventually, the recommended method was successfully implemented for the analysis of the Ni, Pb, and Cd in environmental water samples. The concentrations of Pb, Ni, and Cd in the waters ranged from 11.0 to 187 mu g L-1 for Pb, 14.3 to 56.8 mu g L-1 for Ni and 1.21 to 8.90 mu g L-1 for Cd. Kirklareli University Research Foundation [KLUBAP/011] The authors thank the Kirklareli University Research Foundation for their support (KLUBAP/011).

This study depicts the radioactivity time series levels of Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 prospectively by Monte Carlo simulations (MCSs). Three ARIMA stationary stochastic processes are used with measurement records statistical parameter conservation. The MCSs by means of the ARIMA stochastic processes, the statistical characteristics of the radionuclide data are determined and the future simulation forecasts are made for different periods (time between two measurements, i.e. 1 week). Future concentrations of radionuclides with MCS are estimated for the first time. The results obtained on the transport, control and management of radionuclides can also reach similar gains for other different materials.

Objective:Head-neck computed tomography (CT) imaging is one ofthe most common tomography examinations in medical imaging. Lenses and thyroidare among the most sensitive organs to radiation. The aim of this study was todetermine the radiation dose levels to which the patient's lens, oral mucosa, andthyroid were during head and neck CT imaging.Methods:Thyroid, oral mucosa and lens areas of humanequivalent Alderson rando phantom were placed in thermoluminescence dosimeter(TLD) dosimeters and computerized tomography imaging of head-neck of phantomwas performed in this study. A total of 18 TLD dosimetry was used in thisstudy. Firstly, dosimeters were calibrated. 6 of these dosimeters were placedon the thyroid of the phantom and 4 of them were placed in the mouth and 4 ofthem were in the lens. 4 dosimeters were used for background measurementsResults:The radiation dose in TLDs placed at the center ofthe lens was between 15.03 and 23.71 mSv (mean 19.83±3.93 mSv), the oral mucosawas 10.36 to 19.47 mSv (mean 15.15±2.96 mSv), and the thyroid gland was between11.21 and 16.73 mSv (mean 13.97±3.90 mSv).Conclusion:The permissible radiation dose for whole body andeye lenses in ICRP reports is 20 mSv/year for radiation officers. Likewise,there is no definite limit for patients, it is aimed to keep the dose level toa minimum. Therefore, knowing the reference dose is important for imagingplanning., Amaç: Baş ve boyun bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT)görüntülemesi, en sık kullanılan radyolojik incelemelerinden biridir. Birçokhastalığın tanısında önemli rol oynar. Lens ve tiroid bezi radyasyona karşı enduyarlı organlardandır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, BT görüntülemesi yapılanhastaların, lens, oral mukoza ve tiroid dokusunun maruz kaldığı radyasyondozunun belirlenmesidir.Yöntem:Çalışmada, insan eşdeğeri olan Alderson Randofantomunun tiroid, oral mukoza, lens bölgelerine termolüminesans dozimetreleri(TLD) yerleştirilmiş ve fantomun baş-boyun bölgesinin BT görüntülemesiyapılmıştır. Toplam 18 adet TLD kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle dozimetrelerinkalibrasyon işlemleri yapılmıştır. Bu dozimetrelerden 6 tanesi fantomun tiroidbölgesine, 4 tanesi oral mukozaya, 4 tanesi de lens bölgesineyerleştirilmiştir. 4 tane dozimetre ise arkaplan (background) ölçümleri içinkullanılmıştır.Bulgular:Lens merkezine yerleştirilen TLD’lerdeki radyasyondozu 15,03 ile 23,71 mSv arasında (ortalama 19,83±3,93 mSv), oral mukozada10,36 ile 19,47 mSv arasında (ortalama 15,15±2,96 mSv), tiroid bezinde ise11,21 ile 16,73 mSv arasında (ortalama 13,97±3,90 mSv) bulunmuştur.Sonuç:Uluslararası Radyolojik Koruma Komisyonu(ICRP)raporlarında tüm vücut ve lensler için müsaade edilen radyasyon dozu,radyasyon görevlilerinde 20 mSv/yıl’dır. Hastalar için kesin bir limitolmamakla beraber, doz düzeyinin minimum tutulması amaçlanır. Bu nedenlereferans dozunun bilinmesi çekim planlaması için önemlidir.

Today, many imaging tools have emerged in the medical field using ionizing radiation. Computed tomography (CT) is regarded the most creative and common modality among the other imaging devices. In CT imaging, radiation may scatter to the environment from the patient and the interaction medium. In this study, two CT scanners with different slice numbers were used to measure the scatter radiation dose to the environment. Alderson rando phantom was utilized in the acquired CT exams as human body simulation. Radiation dose levels at different distances were determined by placing thermoluminescence dosimeters in the surrounding environment (at different distances) during phantom’s head-neck and thorax CT imaging. As a result, it has been found that the radiation dose varies between 13.90±1.96 µSv and 96.79±11.12 µSv in head and neck CT imaging. While, in thorax CT scan, the radiation dose varies between 5.28±0.84 µSv and 20.63±1.76 µSv.

Radiation is a natural part of the environment that people interact continuously, and radon is one of the most important sources because of its abundance and mobility. Due to gas form, radon can reach and accumulate in living places easily. Inhalation of radon and its progenies is an important risk factor for health hazards. Accurate measurement of radon levels is quite essential for the dose evaluation of radon exposure in buildings. In this study, radon activity measurements have been performed by using AlphaGUARD portable radon detector at several locations in Akfirat campus of Istanbul Okan University. Annual effective doses were calculated by using ICRP regulations for various exposure periods.

Tıbbi atıklar, endüstriyelfaaliyetler, nükleer testler ve nükleer reaktörlerde meydana gelen kazalardankaynaklanan antropojenik radyonüklidler, çevre üzerinde ciddi etkilere nedenolabilecek kirlilik kaynaklarıdır. Çernobil kazasından sonra birçokantropojenik radyonüklitin Karadeniz'e girdiği bilinmektedir. Türkiye'nin kuzeykesimindeki topraklar 1986'daki Çernobil serpintisi ile kirlenmiştir. Buçalışmada, toprak örneklerinde 137Cs aktivite konsantrasyonlarıölçülmüştür. İstanbul Boğazı Anadolu yakasının farklı lokasyonlarından toplananyüzey toprağındaki antropojenik (137Cs) radyonüklid aktivitesininkonsantrasyonları, HPGe dedektörlü yüksek çözünürlüklü gama spektrometresi ileanaliz edilmiştir.137Csaktivite konsantrasyonları0.74±0.31 -6.21±0.16 Bqkg-1arasında değişmektedir., Anthropogenic radionuclides resulting from accidents in nuclear reactors, nuclear tests, industrial activities and medical wastes are sources of pollution that can cause serious impacts on environment. It is well known that many anthropogenic radionuclides entered the Black Sea after the Chernobyl power plant accident. Soil in especially the northern part of Turkey were contaminated by the Chernobyl fallout of 1986. In the present study, the activity concentrations of 137Cs in the soil samples measured. The activity concentrations of the anthropogenic (137Cs) radionuclide in surface soil samples collected from different locations in Anatolian Side (Bosphorus) were analyzed by the high-resolution gamma spectrometer with HPGe detector. The activity concentrations of137Cs ranged from 0.74±0.31 - 6.21±0.16 Bqkg-1.

Tüm canlılar hayatları süresince iç ve dış doğal radyasyona maruz kalmaktadır. Doğal radyasyon, genellikle kozmik ışınlardan vekarasal radyasyon kaynaklarından oluşmaktadır. Karasal doğal radyasyon kaynaklarını oluşturan ana radyonüklidler uranyum, toryumve potasyumdur. Radon, tüm dünya yüzeyinde toprak, kayaçlar ve suda bulunan uranyumun bozunumuyla doğal olarak oluşanradyoaktif bir gazdır.İnsanların radyasyona maruz kalmasına en yüksek katkı konutlardaki radon konsantrasyonundan gelmektedir.Bu çalışmada, İstanbul il merkezinde bulunan bir hastanenin farklı katlarında ölçülen radon gazı konsantrasyonlarının sonuçlarısunulmuştur. Kısa süreli kapalı radon ölçümleri, sürekli aktif radon detektörü (AlphaGUARD) kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, kapalıortam radon konsantrasyonlarının19'dan53 Bqm-3'e kadar değiştiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, çalışmada, ortalama kapalı dozkonsantrasyonu ve yıllık etkin doz oranı belirlenmiştir. Bina içerisinde günde ortalama 6 saat kalan bir kişinin radondan dolayı alacağıyılık radyasyon dozunun 0.150 mSv ile 0.402mSv arasında değiştiği bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, çalışma bölgesinde, ortalama kapalıdoz konsantrasyonunun yanı sıra yıllık etkin doz oranının da Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu (TAEK) tarafından önerilen sınırseviyesinin altında olduğu bulunmuştur. All living beings are continuously exposed to the natural external and internal sources of radiation during their lifetime. Natural radiation is usually composed of cosmic rays and terrestrial radiation sources. The main radionuclides that make up terrestrial natural radiation sources are uranium, thorium and potassium. Radon is a radioactive gas that is formed naturally by the decay of Uranium which is found in soil, rocks and water all over the earth. The highest contribution to radiation exposure of the people is due to radon which may concentrate in dwellings. In this study, the results of radon gas concentrations measured in different floors inside a hospital located in Istanbul city center were presented. The short term indoor radon measurements were performed using a continuous active radon detector (AlphaGUARD). The results show that the indoor radon concentrations varied from 19 to 53?Bq?m-3 .Furthermore, in the study, the average indoor radon concentration as well as the annual effective dose rate were determined. The annual radiation dose for a person who stayed in the building for an average of 6 hours per a day was found vary from 0.150 mSv to 0.402 mSv. However, in the study region, the average indoor radon concentration as well as the annual effective dose rate are found to be below the action level recommended by Turkey Atomic Energy Agency (TAEK)

Po-210 is absorbed into the human body by seafood intake. Especially, mollusks and mussels are known to have much higher Po-210 concentration than fish among various other types of seafood and are consumed in large quantities in Aegean Sea. Po-210 and Pb-210 radionuclide concentrations are obtained in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and in the sediment samples collected from the Canakkale. The activity concentrations of Po-210 and Pb-210 are counted using alpha spectrometry. Activity concentrations of Po-210 and Pb-210 in mussels are in the ranged of 227 +/- 11-540 +/- 38 and 17 +/- 4-48 +/- 5 Bq kg(-1) dw (dry weight), for sediments the ranges are 23 +/- 6-41 +/- 3 and 15 +/- 3-44 +/- 1 Bq kg(-1) dw, respectively. Additionally, annual committed effective dose are calculated due to consumption mussel in Canakkale coastal region. The highest effective doses of Po-210 and Po-210 are found as 3187 and 56 mu Sv, respectively. Finally, risk analysis assessment is recommended to determine the pollutant effects of radionuclides. The risk fractions at the concentrations are easily determined with this evaluation process. This methodology has made a great contribution to risk assessments. Kirklareli UniversityKirklareli University [KLUBAP 060] This work was supported by the Kirklareli University [Grant Number: KLUBAP 060].

Spatial distribution modelling has been proposed to characterize the radiological hazards associated with concentration of natural

In this study, the natural radioactivity level of soils and sediments due to the usage of fertilizers, particularly phosphate fertilizers, in agricultural lands of the Buyuk Menderes River Basin, Western Turkey, have been determined. A total of 40 soil and sediment samples were collected along the Buyuk Menderes River Basin and analyzed for U-238, Th-232, and K-40 radioisotopes using a high-purity germanium detector. The activity concentrations of U-238, Th-232, and K-40 in soils are in the ranges of 32 +/- 4-93 +/- 13, 11 +/- 2-71 +/- 9, and 353 +/- 14-958 +/- 23 Bq kg(-1), and in sediments they are between 22 +/- 6 and 72 +/- 10, 7.3 +/- 0.6 and 50 +/- 5, and 310 +/- 16 and 633 +/- 25, respectively. In addition, to determine the hazard from natural radioactivity, the external terrestrial gamma dose rate in air (nGy h(-1)) and annual effective dose rate (mSv y(-1)) were calculated and compared with internationally recommended values. In soil samples, the average external terrestrial gamma dose rate in air was found to be 80.2 nGy h(-1) and the average annual effective dose is 0.1 mSv.

Cs-137 in the marine environment mainly originates from fallout of atmospheric nuclear weapon tests, accidental releases from nuclear facilities, and from the Chernobyl accident. After the latter accident, many studies have been carried out in Turkey. The objective of this study is to assess the spatial distribution of Cs-137 in the coastal marine environment of the Aegean Sea. The concentrat'ions of Cs-137 in sediment, sea water, mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), and fish samples collected from the coast of the Aegean Sea at Izmir Bay and near Didim (Akbuk) have been monitored for seasonal variability by the means of gamma spectroscopy: they vary between 0.10 +/- 0.01 and 1.5 +/- 0.3 Bq kg 1, 1.3 +/- 0.1 and 4.3 +/- 0.4 Bq m(-3), < 0.2 and 1.3 +/- 0.3 Bq kg(-1), and 0.20 +/- 0.03 and 1.8 +/- 0.3 Bq kg(-1), respectively.

In this study, natural and artificial radionuclide activity concentrations in surface soils of Kucuk Menderes Basin have been measured using gamma spectroscopy. The soil samples were collected from agricultural lands in the Kucuk Menderes Basin in Turkey. The activity concentrations of Ra-226, Th-232, K-40 and Cs-137 in the soils were found to be range of 12.63 +/- A 2.28-72.51 +/- A 11.23, 11.45 +/- A 2.4-58.12 +/- A 4.76, 234.8 +/- A 14.85-1058.52 +/- A 24 Bq kg(-1) dw and 2.31 +/- A 0.18-7.75 +/- A 1.14 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The natural gamma radioactivity of the terrestrial radionuclides in soil samples and the gamma absorbed dose rate, the annual effective dose equivalent, the radium equivalent activity, the external hazard index, were calculated and compared with the international recommended values.

Concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, 40K and 137Cs are measured in collected soil samples from various locations in the Thrace region of Turkey. The activity concentrations range from 12.82 to 101.75 Bq kg−1 d.w. (dry weight) for 238U, from 5.16 to 73.34 Bq kg−1 d.w. for 232Th, from 185.54 to 5399 Bq kg−1 d.w. for 40K and from 11.42 to 90.73 Bq kg−1 d.w. for 226Ra. In addition to naturally occurring radionuclides, 137Cs activity concentration is determined between 3.05 and 46.78 Bq kg−1 d.w. for soil samples. Determination of the radiological hazard is achieved through calculations of the external terrestrial gamma dose rate in air (nGy h−1) and annual effective dose rate (mSv year−1) and the results are compared with the similar works in different countries.

210 Po and 210 Pb in mussel ( Mytilus galloprovincialis ) and sediment samples collected at Candarli Gulf during the period of 2010–2012 are presented and discussed. The activity concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb were measured by means of alpha spectrometry. Activity concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb in mussels are in the ranged of 332 ± 17–776 ± 23 Bq kg −1 dw and 14 ± 1–40 ± 5 Bq kg −1 dw, for sediments the ranges for 52 ± 5–109 ± 8 Bq kg −1 dw and 38 ± 5–92 ± 9 Bq kg −1 dw, respectively. The estimated consequent annual effective ingestion dose due to 210 Po and 210 Pb from mussel consumption in Candarli Gulf coastal region were calculated. The highest dose due to 210 Po and 210 Po were calculated to be 4232 ± 126 μSv and 126 ± 16 μSv, respectively.

In this study, the activity concentrations of Po-210 and Pb-210 were determined in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected from Didim and Izmir Bay (Turkish coast of Aegean Sea) during the period of April 2006-March 2007. The concentrations activity of Po-210 were determined spectroscopically through its 530 MeV alpha particle emission, using Po-209 as an internal tracer. The Pb-210 activity concentrations were determined from the ingrowth of Po-210 assuming zero initial Po-210 activity. The results of Po-210 and Pb-210 activity concentrations were found to vary between 34 +/- 9 and 1855 +/- 98 Bq kg(-1) dry weight and ND (lower than limit of detection) - 64 +/- 6 Bq kg(-1) dry weight, respectively. Po-210/Pb-210 ratio ranged between 1.00 and 106.87. The highest Po-210 activities were found in mussels collected from Didim. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Ege University Institute of Nuclear SciencesEge University [2006/NBE/001] This research work is supported by grants from Ege University Institute of Nuclear Sciences Contract No. 2006/NBE/001.

Natural radionuclide activity concentration of surface soils at 64 locations in central Manisa were measured using gamma spectrometry (ORTEC). The natural gamma radioactivity of the terrestrial radionuclides in soil samples and the gamma-absorbed dose rates of these radionuclides in air were calculated. In this study, track etch film (CR-39) was used to determine the distribution of radon levels in dwellings. The average annual effective dose equivalents from the calculated outdoor terrestrial gamma radiation for a person in Manisa is 66 μ Sv , whilst the annual effective dose equivalent from 222Rn is calculated to be 4.83 mSv/yr.

WOS: 000321911700017, To determine radioactivity and trace metal levels, surface sediments were collected from two important areas (A degrees zmir Bay and Didim) in the Aegean Sea region of Turkey, and were analyzed for concentrations of Po-210, Pb-210 and trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). The average Po-210 and Pb-210 massic activities in sediments varied in the range of 24 +/- A 5 to 126 +/- A 6 Bq kg(-1) dry wt. and 18 +/- A 3 to 59 +/- A 4 Bq kg(-1) dry wt., respectively. Izmir Bay exhibited the highest polonium activities in sediments, likely due to specific sedimentation processes and other sediment characteristics. The trace metal results showed that the Izmir Bay is facing trace metal pollution. The metal concentrations in sediment samples are low compared to those from the other neighboring marine environments.

Concentrations of Po-210 were determined in the edible muscle tissue of five species of marine fish: Sardine (Sardine plichardus) and Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), Red mullet (Mullus barbatus), Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachunis) and Gilt-head sea bream (Sparus aurata) collected from five stations in the Aegean Sea Region of Turkey during the fishery season 2010. The Po-210 concentrations in the fish samples were found to vary from not detected levels to 389 +/- 45 Bq kg(-1) dry wt. These variations in Po-210 content in different species are probably due to differences in metabolism and feeding patterns. The highest levels for Po-210 were observed in Anchovy (E. encrasicolus) species. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb were determined in the edible muscle tissue of twelve species of marine fish collected from Izmir Bay in the Aegean Sea Region of Turkey during the 2006–2007. 210Po activity concentrations in fish samples were found to vary from ND to 400 ± 9 Bq kg−1 dry weight and 210Pb activity concentrations were found to vary from ND to 15 ± 3 Bq kg−1 dry weight. The highest dose contribution due to 210Po to humans was found to be 8.908 μSv y−1.

Natural and artificial radionuclide pollutants of the marine environment have been recognized as a serious environmental concern. The natural radioactivity activity concentrations of Ra-226, U-238, Th-232 and K-40 were measured by gamma spectrometry in sediment samples collected from two different areas in Aegean Sea Turkish Coast. There is no information about radioactivity level in the study areas sediments so far. The results showed that the concentrations of activity in the sediment samples are 9 +/- 0.6 Bq kg(-1)-12 +/- 0.7 Bq kg(-1), 7 +/- 0.4 Bq kg(-1)-16 +/- 1.0 Bq kg(-1), 6 +/- 0.3 Bq kg(-1)-16 +/- 1.0 Bq kg(-1) and 250 +/- 13 Bq kg(-1)-665 +/- 33 Bq kg(-1) for Ra-226, U-238, Th-232 and K-40, respectively. In general, the distribution of activity concentrations along the coast of the Aegean Sea area were in the same order as international levels. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In this study were determined the concentrations of Cs-137 in sediment and waters collected from Buyuk Menderes River and Dilek Peninsula Buyuk Menderes Delta in coast of Aegean Sea for seasonally using by gamma spectrometry. The concentrations of Cs-137 in sediment and surface water samples varies between 0.35 +/- 0.03 and 1.30 +/- 0.15 Bq kg(-1), 1.10 +/- 0.12 and 1.85 +/- 0.16 Bq m(-3), respectively.

210 Po results for mussels (soft tissue) and sediment samples from 9 stations along the heavily industrialized Turkish coastal zone of the Aegean Sea are presented and discussed. The mean massic activities in mussels varied between 190 ± 10 and 830 ± 40 Bq kg -1 dry weight (dw). The results show significant differences in concentrations for similar size mussels collected at different sites. 210 Po activities are considerably higher in spring mussels than in summer samples of the same size, especially in Cesme, Bodrum and Didim. The highest activity (1200 ± 100 Bq kg -1 dw) was found in a Cesme sample. Higher 210 Po activities were observed in smaller mussels than in larger individuals. The average 210 Po massic activities in sediments varied in the range of 20 ± 3 and 144 ± 7 Bq kg -1 dw. Izmir Bay exhibited the highest polonium activities in sediments, likely due to specific sedimentation processes and other sediment characteristics.