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Abstract Background Vitamin D plays an important role in the health of adolescents, whereas vitamin D status of Chinese college students was seldom studied in China. To explore the vitamin D status and its relationship with ethnicity and geographic location in Chinese college students. Methods The freshmen were taken a physical examination by trained medical personnel after they reported to university. Demographic information including age, gender, ethnicity, region of original residence was collected using a questionnaire survey. Serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were measured using a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer. Multiple regression analyses were used to explore the factors that influence serum 25(OH)D3 levels. Results Totally 3220 freshmen who came from 26 provinces, autonomous districts or municipalities were recruited, with a mean age of 18.75 ± 1.18 years and 70.2% of them were female. The mean serum 25(OH)D3 levels were 18.51 ± 6.54 ng/mL, and the proportion of vitamin D deficiency (

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most prevalent health problems worldwide in all age groups, whereas vitamin D status of Chinese college students was seldom studied in China. The purpose of this study was to explore the vitamin D status in Chinese college freshmen and its influencing factors, providing evidence for nutrition strategy application. Methods Information including demographic status, diet habit, physical activity, and ultraviolet ray (UV) protection was collected by online questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were measured using a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to explore the comprehensive influence of diet, physical activity and UV protection on serum 25(OH)D3 levels. Results Totally 1667 freshmen from 26 provinces, autonomous districts or municipalities, were recruited, with a mean age of 18.6 ± 0.9 years. The mean serum 25(OH)D3 levels were 18.1 ± 6.3 ng/mL and the proportion of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was 67.5% and 27.8%, respectively. Multivariate linear regression indicated that higher intake of milk and yogurt, calcium or vitamin D supplementation, and longer time of outdoor activity were positively linked to higher serum 25(OH)D3, while higher intake of candy and higher UV protection index were negatively associated with serum 25(OH)D3, after adjusted for age, gender, region of original residence, latitudes, longitude and BMI. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is very common in Chinese college students. Milk and yogurt intake and outdoor activity should be encouraged while candy intake should be limited for preventing vitamin D deficiency. Public health policies should focus on these changeable lifestyles and consider well-balanced guidelines on UV protection and vitamin D supplementation.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the application value of serum 25(OH)D3, uric acid, triglyceride (TG), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in male patients with hyperuricemia combined with hypogonadism. Methods From August 2018 to August 2020, a total of 198 male patients with primary hyperuricemia were prospectively enrolled in our hospital for inpatient treatment in the department of Metabolism and Endocrinology. They are divided into normal gonadal function group (normal group, n = 117) and hypogonadal function group (hypogonadism group, n = 81), according to free testosterone (FT) level, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), and androgen deficiency in the aging male (ADAM) questionnaires. Laboratory indexes were compared between two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of hypogonadism. Results Among the 198 hyperuricemia patients, 40.91 % were hypogonadism. Compared with the normal group, the BMI, waist circumference (WC), and the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hyperlipidemia (HLP), and obesity (OB) in the hypogonadism group were higher, and the difference was statistically significant (P

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the application value of serum 25(OH)D3, uric acid, triglyceride (TG), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in male patients with hyperuricemia combined with hypogonadism. Methods: From August 2018 to August 2020, a total of 198 male patients with primary hyperuricemia were prospectively enrolled in our hospital for inpatient treatment in the department of Metabolism and Endocrinology. They are divided into normal gonadal function group (normal group, n = 117) and hypogonadal function group (hypogonadism group, n = 81), according to free testosterone (FT) level, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), and androgen deficiency in the aging male (ADAM) questionnaires. Laboratory indexes were compared between two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of hypogonadism. Results: Among the 198 hyperuricemia patients, 40.91 % were hypogonadism. Compared with the normal group, the BMI, waist circumference (WC), and the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hyperlipidemia (HLP), and obesity (OB) in the hypogonadism group were higher, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05, respectively). The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triacylglycerol (TG), serum uric acid (SUA), alanine transaminase (ALT) of hypogonadism group were higher than those of normal group, while the levels of TT, FT, E2, 25(OH)D3 of hypogonadism group were lower than those of normal group (P < 0.05, respectively). Pearson's linear correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the indicators with significant differences in general data and laboratory indicators and hypogonadism. BMI, WC, HOMA-IR, TG, SUA, TT, FT, 25(OH)D3, E2 were positively correlated with hypogonadism (r = 0.556, 0.139, 0.473, 0.143, 0.134, 0.462, 0.419, 0.572, 0.601, P = 0.012, 0.027, 0.018, 0.019, 0.028, 0.029, 0.030, 0.009, 0.003, respectively). Taking the above indicators as independent variables and hypogonadism as the dependent variable, logistic regression analysis found that the risk factors for hypogonadism were SUA, WC, BMI, HOMA-IR, TG, TT, FT, E2, and 25(OH) D3. Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D3, SUA, HOMA-IR, TG levels were positively correlated with male hyperuricemia patients with hypogonadism. They have important application value in the diagnosis of male hyperuricemia patients with hypogonadism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing evidence has suggested a protective role of vitamin D on diabetes, but epidemiologic evidence is scarce among Asian populations. Here we prospectively examined the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (25[OH]D 3) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in Japanese individuals. A nested case–control study was conducted in a biomarker cohort of 4754 employees (baseline age 34–69 years) who had attended in a comprehensive health checkup and donated a blood sample. Diabetes diagnosis was based on plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and self-reporting during the 5-year follow-up. Using density sampling, two controls were randomly matched to each case by sex, age, and date of checkup; 336 cases and 668 controls had serum 25(OH)D 3 data. Association between serum 25[OH]D 3 and the risk of T2D was assessed using conditional logistic regression analysis. Serum 25(OH)D 3 was significantly and inversely associated with T2D risk after adjustment for known risk factors other than BMI (OR [highest vs. lowest serum 25(OH)D 3 quartile] = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.36–0.92; P for trend = 0.03). This association was somewhat attenuated after additional adjustment for BMI (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.40–1.08; P for trend = 0.08). The inverse association was more evident among individuals whose blood samples were taken during the darker season (OR = 0.45; P for trend = 0.01). In the highest quartile of 25(OH)D 3 , progression from prediabetes to T2D was about 37% lower than in the lowest quartile. Higher circulating 25(OH)D 3 was associated with a lower risk of T2D, and this association was stronger among individuals whose blood was taken during the darker season and among those with prediabetes. • This study investigated the associations between serum 25(OH)D 3 and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in Japanese individuals. • Higher serum 25(OH)D 3 concentrations were associated with decreased T2D risk. • This association was more evident among participants whose blood samples were collected during the darker season. • Higher serum concentrations of 25(OH)D 3 were also associated with a reduced risk of progression from prediabetes to T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Several factors were associated with 25(OH)D 3 levels in colorectal cancer patients. • Colorectal cancer treatment was the strongest determinant of 25(OH)D 3 levels. • Chemotherapy was associated with decreasing 25(OH)D 3 levels over time. • Vitamin D supplement use was associated with increasing 25(OH)D 3 levels over time. Vitamin D metabolites, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (25(OH)D 3), may inhibit colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Here we investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of demographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics with 25(OH)D 3 serum concentrations in CRC patients at diagnosis and six months later. In 1201 newly-diagnosed stage I-III CRC patients, 25(OH)D 3 levels were analysed twice. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess demographic, lifestyle and clinical determinants of 25(OH)D 3 levels at diagnosis and six months later. Linear mixed models were used to assess characteristics associated with changes in 25(OH)D 3 levels over time. Results of our study showed that vitamin D intake from diet or supplements, use of calcium supplements, BMI and disease stage were associated with 25(OH)D 3 levels at both time points. Six months after diagnosis, gender and having received chemo- and/or radiotherapy were also associated with 25(OH)D 3 levels. A stronger decrease in 25(OH)D 3 levels was observed in patients who underwent chemotherapy, compared to surgery only (β-6.9 nmol/L 95 %CI -9.8; -4.0). Levels of 25(OH)D 3 levels increased in patients using vitamin D supplements compared to non-users (β 4.0 nmol/L 95 %CI 1.2; 6.8). In conclusion, vitamin D supplement use and treatment appear to be important determinants of 25(OH)D 3 levels during the first six months after CRC diagnosis, although the difference in 25(OH)D 3 levels was minor. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03191110 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin D (VD) has been reported to play multiple and significant roles in improving pig health via modulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, skeletal muscle development and the immune system. Apart from food, photochemical action of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin is the main source of this molecule for pigs. The VD from dietary intake or photosynthesized via skin can be absorbed into the liver for hydroxylation, and further hydroxylated into the hormone form of VD (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or 1,25(OH)2D3) in the kidney. As a sterol hormone, 1,25(OH)2D3 is able to bind with the VD receptor (VDR), and this ligand-receptor complex (VDR/retinoic X receptor) translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus to regulate gene expression, thus modulating metabolism. In this review, we summarized the recent studies regarding the non-skeletal health benefits of VD for pigs, and focused on the recent advances in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of VD that affects the immune system and reproductive health. This review provides a reference for future research and application of VD in pigs.

• As alternative for blood obtained by venipuncture dried blood spot can be considered for measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3. • There is a good agreement between the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 obtained with dried blood spot and serum. • Dried blood spot can exclude vitamin D deficiency, but it is less suitable for individualized vitamin D status assessment. Blood for determining 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 [25(OH)D 3 is usually obtained through venipuncture although, as an alternative for serum, dried blood spot (DBS) can be considered. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to investigate levels of agreement between measurements of 25(OH)D 3 obtained with DBS compared with serum. 301 Chinese participants were included who completed 25(OH)D 3 measurement from DBS and from simultaneously collected blood samples obtained by venipuncture. Measurements of both DBS and serum 25(OH)D 3 were performed using liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Agreement between the two methods was assessed with Passing and Bablok regression analysis and Bland-Altman plot. Measurements showed a good correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.929, P < 0.001) between the two methods. After recalculating for a 13% difference, a regression equation of DBS 25(OH)D 3 = -1.91 + 1.00 serum 25(OH)D 3 was found in Passing and Bablok regression analysis. Bland-Altman analysis showed a fixed bias of 1.7 nmol/L; upper and lower limit of agreement was 24.1 nmol/L and -20.7 nmol/L, respectively. Sensitivity of recalculated DBS for 25(OH)D 3 concentrations <30 and <50 nmol/L was 87.8% and 91.1%, respectively, and specificity was 89.2% and 83.1%, respectively. In conclusion, a good agreement was found between the measurement of 25(OH)D 3 obtained with DBS compared with serum. DBS may possibly be used in a future screening program, but it is less suitable for individualized vitamin D status assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]