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Existing research has produced mixed, inconclusive, and even conflicting findings on the impact of open innovation (OI) on innovation output. This article takes a meta-analysis approach, systematically reviews the existent literature to identify the main contextual factors, and statistically tests the significance of these factors in influencing the effect of OI on innovation output. Based on the data of 139 studies published by 2020, this article demonstrates that 1) OI has a stronger effect on innovation output in coupled OI (a combination of inbound and outbound OI) than the inbound or outbound OI alone; 2) OI has a stronger effect on innovation output in developing than developed countries; 3) OI has a stronger effect on innovation output at subfirm than firm level; and 4) OI has a stronger effect on innovation output in service than manufacturing industries. The findings have important implications for managers, researchers, and policy-makers.

Traditional technology diffusion literature focuses on the diffusion of technologies within the extant manufacturing paradigm. By contrast, few studies have explored the determinants and mechanisms of technology diffusion when moving across manufacturing paradigms. In this article, therefore, we aim to explore the intrinsic and institutional factors, as well as the impact mechanism on technology diffusion in the context of manufacturing paradigm shift. Specifically, this article investigates the role of the government in this scenario. A firm-level survey is conducted to investigate the National Programme “Made in China 2025” and its first demonstration city Quanzhou. The data comes from multiple sources, including questionnaires, official statistics data, and patent databases. Logistical regression is used to analyze 236 valid observations. Results reveal that besides the intrinsic factors including the characteristics of general purpose technology (GPT) and economic expectation, GPT-oriented service platforms also have significant impacts on technology diffusion in a manufacturing paradigm shift. In addition, government interventions, especially indirect ones, have significant moderating effects on this influential mechanism. This study provides insight into how government can promote technology diffusion in a manufacturing paradigm shift. These results will be of interest to policy makers, industrialists, and academics.

This article investigates how the implementation of a national space strategy in partnership with supranational organizations affects the development of service ecosystems of Earth Observation (EO)...

Blockchain technologies are at the heart of digital innovation and are a harbinger of Industry 4.0. Consequently, popular press and academic researchers alike have focused on its importance. Yet blockchain technologies’ most promising efforts, cryptocurrency and smart contracts, are underpinned by blockchain mining. The blockchain mining service is undergoing change, cryptocurrencies like Ethereum and others are nearing the end of their minting. Smart contracts are in their infancy. The financial impetus for providing the mining service has changed. Here, we add to the literature through a deep financial analysis of blockchain mining regarding its long-term financial viability. Our methods include a financial cost analysis and an analysis of the financial viability of cryptocurrency through focus on Ethereum. It is found that blockchain miners, despite initial profitability, cannot maintain sustainable financial viability without substantial fees. This article is important to those academics who focus on understanding how service technologies and products underpin Industry 4.0. Finally, this article contributes to the practitioners’ decision-making process to embrace blockchain mining as a technological entrepreneur.

Co-production in climate change has arisen in response to improving climate knowledge. Climate service co-production provides climate knowledge for decision-making, benefiting vulnerable communities with useful and usable information such as flooding risk areas. A climate service co-production project, including mapping technologies, has been conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia. However, it has not been integrated into mainstream spatial planning. This paper investigates an enabling environment for the integration of climate service co-production and spatial planning using a collaborative governance framework. We conducted semi-structured interviews, photovoice, and focus group discussions. The results highlight factors to enable integration; (1) an institutional reform to put climate service co-production on the agenda, (2) top-down priorities aligned with local-level needs, (3) local government will and leadership to execute the tasks and actions towards climate resilience, (4) trust of the local government with the community, (5) integrated geospatial data to have an effective climate knowledge to spatial planning.

With the prosperity of global trade and maritime transportation, dry port is playing a significant role in freight transport industry through relieving seaport congestion and facilitating improved logistics solutions. This article studies the rail shuttle service pricing and scheduling problem in a dry port system with one dry port and multiple shippers. Bilevel models are developed to address the interaction between the dry port and shippers, with the dry port as the leader and individual shippers as followers. The optimal properties of the proposed bilevel model are analyzed, and a solution procedure is proposed to obtain the global optimal solution. Numerical studies are carried out to investigate the sensitivity of optimal decisions, and performance of both parties with respect to various system parameters. This study shows that offering a higher storage price could not always bring higher profit for the dry port. An extremely high storage price will reduce shippers’ total costs, especially for shippers with high production rates. If the seaports’ cutoff time is short, shippers with low production rates would have to bear high expenses. It is also found that low setup costs at shippers will bring not only cost savings for shippers, but also profit improvement for the dry port.

Servitization by manufacturing firms has been a growing trend in recent years. However, the literature is unclear on whether servitization improves firm performance. Using survey data from 334 Chinese manufacturing firms, we examine how servitization affects firm performance. We also investigate the contingent role of platform-based innovation. Our results show that servitization enhances latent needs identification and worsens dominant logics conflict. Platform-based innovation is effective in mitigating harm from dominant logics conflict, but it also limits the transfer of latent customer needs. This article contributes to the literature by identifying underlying mediating effects between servitization and firm performance to explain how servitization affects firm performance. The findings also address the “service paradox.”

Early contractor involvement involves engaging contractors to work with the client’s design team during the pre-construction stage before agreeing on a construction stage contract. Despite the growing use of two-stage contracting, there is a lack of research into the forms of pre-construction service agreements and their effectiveness. This study aims to evaluate the optimal contract ingredients for a pre-construction stage agreement that can be used with a range of standard-form construction contracts based on industry preferences. Four agreements are critically evaluated: those of the Joint Contracts Tribunal and NEC3 and two bespoke agreements. Key ingredients were found to include scope of services, time obligations, design obligations, key personnel, price formation, confidentiality of material and communication and co-operation. Industry preferences were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 21 construction participants across New Zealand.

A low success rate of improvement projects is one of the causes of the discontinuity of lean six sigma (LSS) initiatives in companies. It is essential to identify and evaluate the reasons why LSS improvement projects fail in order to enable LSS, Lean, and six sigma sustainability. This article presents the findings from a global survey conducted with 201 LSS experts around the world in both the service and manufacturing sectors. The results of this article point out the significant failure rates for LSS projects and alert that projects had higher termination rates in the measure and analyze phases [define, measure, analyze, improve, and control (DMAIC)]. Failures occur primarily at the corporate level. The main causes of project failures identified were the lack of commitment by top management, resistance to change, inadequate rewards and recognition mechanisms, inconsistent monitoring and control of the projects, and poor communication. This article shows that there are some minor differences in terms of ranking of these factors between the manufacturing and service sectors, but there is a significant difference in terms of continent and belt level (master black belts, black belts, and green belts).

Over the last few decades, the authenticity and confidence of scientific work from around the world has been systematically corrupted by predatory journals and their affiliated publication houses. These journals predominantly prey on both aspiring and established academics and researchers from around the world, but primarily on individuals from developing countries, by aggressively soliciting manuscripts for a nominal publication fee without providing a robust editorial service or peer review system and ultimately promising fast track publication in a few days to weeks. Such journals may also diminish the opportunity for authors in developing countries from getting their original work published in legitimate journals. A majority of the work published in these pseudo journals aside from being incorrect and mundane, provide no advancement to science. But more importantly, the negative impact of these journals can have direct implications on patient health care and research.

Actors increasingly engage in service ecosystems where multiple other actors can be present and influence value co-creation. Comprehending such contexts has gained importance in research, but remains an emerging field of study due to the complexity of such multi-actor encounters. To unpack this complexity, we add to extant research and establish novel actor engagement foundations to explicate value co-creation in multi-actor service ecosystems. Our research informs on value co-creation at a meta-theoretical level utilizing the explanatory power of mid-range theory. We suggest that actor pre-disposition (propensity to engage) differs from actor disposition (readiness to engage) outlined in more recent engagement literature. To achieve this, we apply a longitudinal study design and use an established, yet in business research largely neglected, measurement from organizational psychology. This paper uncovers a novel dynamic perspective on these pre-dispositions prior to and during resource investment throughout focal multi-actor engagement activities.

Depopulated regions face declines in traffic demand for airline service. The airline network in Hokkaido, Japan, plays an important role in the regional economy, healthcare, and sightseeing. Toward maintaining this airline network, the “bundled privatization” of airports has been discussed. Under such a system, several airports are privatized as a package for management by a single company. This study proposes a model for analyzing the behaviors of airport operators, airline companies, and passengers when bundled privatization is introduced to an airline network. Under bundled privatization, an airport management company can determine the landing fees of all airports such as to maximize the profits of all its airports, while an airline company can determine its service frequencies and aircraft sizes such as to maximize its profit. As a result of these two profit-maximization behaviors, an equilibrium state is obtained. The proposed model is applied to the airline network in Hokkaido, and the results of numerical calculations are discussed.

In recent years, China's rural areas have undergone intense restructuring motivated by various flows derived from e-commerce, which has triggered a new wave of rural rejuvenation. Attempting to reveal the process and mechanism of rural economic restructuring driven by e-commerce, this paper takes Xiaying village in central China to conduct an empirical study by introducing the theory of “space of flows” and applying the method of semi-structured interview. The results show that e-commerce has become a technical catalyst to the variation of industry structure, employment pattern and household economy. Xiaying village has performed a leap from traditional agriculture to commercial service and constructed a complete e-commerce oriented industry chain, which is distinguished from the traditional path of rural modernization adhering to the gradual evolution of the primary, secondary and tertiary industry in China. In response, the employment pattern is diversified and tends to be de-agriculturalization, thus providing an economic advancement opportunity for rural households. As a matter of fact, rural elites, technology innovation (e-commerce platform), resource endowments and government support all contributed greatly to this restructuring process. What distinguishes it from others is the strong mobility and exchange of urban and rural elements, which functions as the initial engine. Essentially, this transition can be considered as the impact of the network on the geographic space restructuring rural economy.

For any cities, the optimal objective of development is to fully tap the value of land resources, while pursuing the progress of economy, society, and eco-environment. Currently, there is not yet a unified evaluation standard for sustainable development quality of urban environment; the land resource value has not been deeply evaluated from the three aspects of society, economy, and eco-environment. Therefore, this paper tries to measure urban land resource value based on sustainable environmental space governance. Firstly, the authors constructed a scientific evaluation index system for sustainable development quality of urban environment. Next, a comprehensive evaluation method was developed for sustainable land utilization in urban space governance system. After that, the urban space governance scheme was subject to multi-objective optimization. Finally, experiments were carried out to measure the urban land resource value, and estimate the urban ecological service functions and their values. On this basis, the benefits of the urban space governance scheme were analyzed in various aspects. The results confirm the effectiveness of our measurement algorithm.

This paper documents two facts: (i) elasticities of substitution in production vary significantly across sectors, with manufacturing sectors being generally less flexible than service sectors, and (ii) during the Great Recession the rise in bond spreads varied systematically with these elasticities. Specifically, more flexible sectors paid lower spreads during the Great Recession. Moreover, among the less-flexible manufacturing sectors, sectors with relatively high flexibility and high debt saw their spreads rise less than average, while among the more-flexible service sectors the sectors with relatively high flexibility and high debt saw their spreads rise more. We interpret these results using a simple two-sector model with working capital constraints, and show that the model replicates these observations if manufacturing sectors face constraints on their purchases of intermediates while services face constraints on their purchases of labor/capital. The dynamics of intermediate prices and quantities support our results, as does a quantitative investigation of a 62-sector version of the US economy.

With the rise of digital platforms, individuals’ possibilities to generate income have increased drastically. In this context, we present digital content creation as a form of (digital) entrepreneurship that is characterized by potentially high but also uncertain revenues. As the cost structure of content creation mostly depends on opportunity costs, it stands in contrast to other popular platform-work options. We demonstrate how a stark and unexpected reduction in opportunity costs affects the actual decision to produce digital content. Exploiting the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, we measure how individuals (streamers) who operate on a live streaming platform, respond to a sudden change in external factors while accounting for individual differences in initial conditions. We observe intensified efforts across the spectrum of streamers and find particularly strong reactions from newcomer streamers. We further show that only the most successful newcomers sustain their increased efforts even when opportunity costs start to rise again. Our results are consistent with the initial assumption that an individual’s decision on taking up or intensifying entrepreneurial efforts on digital platforms is strongly affected by their opportunity costs. The results further imply that there is a large potential in individuals who might be willing to become entrepreneurs but are restricted by external conditions. As platform-based digital entrepreneurship offers high flexibility and very low entry barriers, measures for lowering opportunity costs could therefore help to unleash this potential. To maintain a steady influx of new talents, content platforms should increase their support for smaller creators and policymakers should provide easily accessible platforms to ease the way into entrepreneurship for these individuals.

The increasingly service-based U.S. economy relies on innovation. While there is considerable research on the importance of certain innovative activities, such as patents, less attention has been paid to unpatented innovation, about which there is naturally less publicly available information. Our study exploits disclosure on the fair value of acquired innovation to show that unpatented innovation plays an important, though often ignored, role in merger value creation. We detail the importance of unpatented technology and show that traditional approaches that rely only on R&D expenditures and patents lead to both misclassification of merger types and underestimates of the impact of innovation in value creation. Our evidence suggests that, on average, unpatented innovation accounts for a larger portion of synergies. We further show that higher (lower) gains accrue to the acquirer (the target) in relation to unpatented innovation, consistent with limited publicly available information about unpatented innovation reducing the target’s bargaining power.

Clinician-reported outcome measures (ClinRO measures) play a fundamental role in quality assurance throughout healthcare systems. With commissioners turning ever more frequently to ClinRO data to evaluate and compare individual hospital performance and casemix, and funding decisions increasingly relying on these data, agreed core outcome sets (COS) are essential for the collection of standardised specialty-specific outcomes. Beyond their role in service commissioning, COS enable standardisation of outcomes in clinical studies, allowing comparisons to be drawn between similar trials as well as pooling of data for systematic reviews and metaanalyses. This review explores those ClinRO measures most commonly reported in the third molar literature, highlighting inconsistencies in ClinRO selection, measurement and reporting among researchers. We recognise here a prime opportunity for the specialty to address this lag in COS relative to other surgical specialties. With the Quality Outcomes in Maxillofacial Surgery (QOMS) overseeing the institution of many subspecialty-specific national databases in recent years, OMFS is well placed to develop a series of COS for each subspecialty domain for the benefit of researchers, clinicians and ultimately, patients.

Este artículo se ocupa de dos expediciones científicas enviadas a América por las coronas ibéricas a finales del siglo XVIII: los viajes de Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira a las Capitanías de Grão-Pará, Rio Negro, Mato Grosso y Cuiabá (1783-1792) e Hipólito Ruiz y Antonio Pavón al Virreinato peruano (1777-1788). El objetivo será analizar la forma en que la botánica se puso al servicio de los intereses imperiales y la percepción que los naturalistas que protagonizaron estas expediciones, pertrechados con los nuevos saberes ilustrados y los nuevos instrumentos, tuvieron de la naturaleza americana y de los recursos naturales que ofrecía. La mirada de estos viajeros, y sus prácticas científicas, ponen de relieve algunasdiferencias entre ambos imperios y los territorios que los integraban.

Halal tourism is a new segment in tourism studies that have received attention and has now proliferated. Past studies have not been so deep in treading global scientific literature on halal tourism studies on tracking its evolution and trends among scientific journal which focuses on social science discipline. Therefore, this article is based on a systematic literature review analysis of halal tourism in social science discipline as an effort to improve our understanding of previous halal tourism studies. Data were obtained from the academic database Scopus, 31 articles were obtained about halal tourism in social science discipline, and the data period was collected from the beginning to the end of 2020. The data is illustrated using two applications, namely NVIVO and VOSViewer, as the primary tools for analyze qualitative data, which selected; (VOSViewer; Keyword Co-occurrence Network Maps and Trend (KCNM/T)), (NVIVO; Hierarchy Chart (HC), word frequencies (WF), and Explore Diagram Analysis (EDA)). The results showed that, from 31 journals, Stephenson (2014) has the most influence with high cited, besides, Tourism Management as a journal name that identified many articles published there, and Routledge as a publisher with a high total journal on Halal Tourism, and Indonesia as a country that high mention time. Specifically, various approaches and distributions based on methodology, objectives, and geography were the research's focus. Recent trends and the dominant frequency of words from the study of halal tourism have shown several scholars' high interest. In the halal tourism studies on social sciences discipline, previous scholars have carried out many different research segments, namely, tourism issues, product issues, destination issues, travel issues, service issues, and market issues. Future research is also considered in this article

Operational global-scale hydrological forecasting systems are widely used to help manage hydrological extremes such as floods and droughts. The vast amounts of raw data that underpin forecast systems and the ability to generate information on forecast skill have, until now, not been publicly available. As part of the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS; https://www.globalfloods.eu/) service evolution, in this paper daily ensemble river discharge reforecasts and real-time forecast datasets are made free and openly available through the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). They include real-time forecast data starting on 1 January 2020 updated operationally every day and a 20-year set of reforecasts and associated metadata, available through the dedicated GloFAS FTP service. This paper describes the model components and configuration used to generate the real-time river discharge forecasts and the reforecasts. An evaluation of ensemble forecast skill using the Continuous Ranked Probability Skill Score (CRPSS) was also undertaken for river points around the globe. Results show that GloFAS is skilful in over 93thinsp;% of catchments in the short- (1- to 3-days) and medium-range (5- to 15-days) against a persistence benchmark forecast, and skilful in over 80 % of catchments out to the extended-range (16- to 30-days) against a climatological benchmark forecast. However, the strength of skill varies considerably by location with GloFAS found to have no or negative skill at longer lead times in broad hydroclimatic regions in tropical Africa, western coast of South America, and catchments dominated by snow and ice in high northern latitudes. Forecast skill is summarised as a new headline skill score to be added as a layer on the GloFAS forecast Web Map Viewer at the next GloFAS cycle release, expected Autumn 2020, to aid user’s interpretation and understanding of forecast quality.

Practical news feed platforms generate a hybrid list of news articles and advertising items (e.g., products, services, or information) and many platforms optimize the position of news articles and advertisements independently. However, they should be arranged with careful consideration of each other, as we show in this study, since user behaviors toward advertisements are significantly affected by the news articles. This paper investigates the effect of news articles on users' ad consumption and shows the dependency between news and ad effectiveness. We conducted a service log analysis and showed that sessions with high-quality news article exposure had more ad consumption than those with low-quality news article exposure. Based on this result, we hypothesized that exposure to high-quality articles will lead to a high ad consumption rate. Thus, we conducted million-scale A/B testing to investigate the effect of high-quality articles on ad consumption, in which we prioritized high-quality articles in the ranking for the treatment group. The A/B test showed that the treatment group's ad consumption, such as the number of clicks, conversions, and sales, increased significantly while the number of article clicks decreased. We also found that users who prefer a social or economic topic had more ad consumption by stratified analysis. These insights regarding news articles and advertisements will help optimize news and ad effectiveness in rankings considering their mutual influence., Comment: 30th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM2021)

This article reviews Fuqing Zhang’s contributions to mesoscale atmospheric science from research to mentoring to academic service over his 20-year career. His fundamental scientific contributions are highlighted on predictability, data assimilation, and dynamics of high impact weather, especially gravity wave and tropical cyclones. His extremely generous efforts in efficiently transmitting to the community the new scientific knowledge and ideas, through mentoring, interacting, workshop organizing, and reviewing are summarized. Special appreciations were given to his tremendous contributions to the development of mesoscale meteorology in China and the education of Chinese graduate students and young scientists.

Public transport generally addresses the evident mobility needs and offers an often-irreplaceable service, especially for captive users and other disadvantaged population groups. Public transport design and services are closely related to the physical size of modern cities, the number of people living or working in them, and the distribution and organization of work and social activities. However, public transport has been restricted with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, since March 2020. Public transport demand collapsed, especially during the lockdown period (March-May 2020), and adverse effects were reported even in the subsequent periods. In fact, the social distancing restrictions have highlighted numerous problems with public transport systems worldwide, primarily due to two factors. The first is related to the spread of the virus via the respiratory route, which is more likely to infect in restricted areas, and the second is associated with a transport system that by definition has high occupancy rates and low spacing throughout the journey (e.g., the positioning of seats or standing places in a train or bus). Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has substantially impacted the travel choices of users. The pandemic has also negatively affected the psychological state, generating specific problems of anxiety, fear, or stress among all population groups, even when choosing the means of transport to travel with. Given the emerging pandemic challenges, the present study examines the public transport demand characteristics during the various phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sicily, one of the most affected regions in Italy. The study investigates the mental state of a population sample that frequently used the local urban or regional public transport to travel to work before and during the pandemic phases in the Sicilian territory. Through the administration of an online survey, it was possible to collect sociodemographic and psychological data to understand the propensity to use public transport. A series of inferential statistical tests were applied to assess the correlation of psychological aspects (i.e., fear, anxiety, and stress) with socio-demographic variables and modal choice habits (trip frequency). Results highlight and evaluate each psychological issue among population groups and their relative role in shaping public transport-related preferences. The study highlights some proposals and their implementation strategies to prevent negative emotions and encourage public transport use in Sicily and generally.

Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) are giving rise to a multitude of AI-embedded technologies that are increasingly impacting all aspects of modern society. Yet, there is a paucity of rigorous research that advances understanding of when, and which type of, individuals are more likely to question AI-based recommendations due to perceived racial and gender bias. This study, which is part of a larger research stream contributes to knowledge by using a scenario-based survey that was issued to a sample of 387 U.S. participants. The findings suggest that, considering perceived racial and gender bias, Human Resource (HR) recruitment and financial product/service procurement scenarios exhibit a higher questioning likelihood. Meanwhile, the healthcare scenario presents the lowest questioning likelihood. Furthermore, in the context of this study, U.S. participants tend to be more susceptible to questioning AI-based recommendations due to perceived racial bias rather than gender bias.

Among the drivers of inequality, income distribution between wages and profits at the level of individual industries plays a key role. The factors shaping the parallel evolution of wages and profits are investigated in this article building on Post-Keynesian and evolutionary perspectives. We develop a simultaneous model on wage and profit dynamics identifying as key determinants the capital-labour conflict, the expansion of value added per hour worked, different strategies of technological change and offshoring, and the relevance of trade unions. The empirical investigation includes an industry-level analysis on 38 manufacturing and service sectors for six major European countries from 1994 to 2014. Wage and profit dynamics are shown to be rooted in structural change and capital-labour conflict, with profits driven by product innovation and offshoring, and wages rising faster where new products are relevant and trade unions have a greater role.

Advances in tourism research depend on the development and validation of measurement scales using appropriate psychometric techniques. However, scale development practice is dominated by classical test theory, despite its limitations. A Rasch analysis of international travel service performance scales across demographic, customer experience and service provider sub-groups is provided. Scales generally show high reliability, little disordering of the thresholds, and no substantive effects where multidimensionality is present. Some items exhibit limited discriminatory power, local dependence and measurement bias. Measurement invariance violations are prevalent in temporal dimensions where travelers exhibit diverse customer experience profiles. Employee knowledge and safety attributes appear organization-specific. Ethnicity impacts on relational aspects; response behavior regarding personal space is gender specific. Standardized safety-related scales may be inadvisable when comparisons across age and education cohorts are required. Accounting for measurement invariance influences the average location of groups on the latent continuum, and in some cases substantive mean difference results.

This paper presents a novel transactive energy approach that uses the utility's distributed energy management system, the home energy management systems in the residential customers and the existing inter-communication infrastructure to: 1) enable the electric utilities to identify the negative impacts of integrating local distributed energy resources (such as rooftop solar photovoltaic) and electric vehicles; 2) provide voltage support, transformer management and phase balancing to mitigate such impacts (utilities objectives); and 3) create a day-ahead local energy market whose participants are the homeowners with home battery storage. In this market, the homeowners compete among each other through a dynamic Bertrand game to maximize their payoffs (customer's preferences). The results have demonstrated the capability of the proposed transactive energy approach to resolve the conflicting objectives between the utility and the customers by improving the service voltage, extending the lifetime of the transformers, and reducing the voltage unbalance, while increasing the profits for the homeowners through the energy arbitrage without sacrificing the homeowner's convenience.

Background Acquisition of surgical instruments (SI) and implants by loaner system is a worldwide practice. Although quality of device reprocessing has been reported to be lower in low and middle-income countries compared with higher income countries, few investigations have been conducted on the management and reprocessing of loaned devices. Thus, in this study we evaluate the practices of management and reprocessing of loaner SI and non-sterile implants (NSI) in a high (Australia) and a middle-income (Brazil) country. Methods Cross-sectional surveys (hardcopy or online form) was self-administered by sterilising service unit's personnel of Brazilian and Australian hospitals. Only those units that sourced orthopaedic surgical instruments and non-sterile loaned implants from independent companies were eligible. Results A total of 65 questionnaires from Australia and 168 from Brazil were analysed. Quality indicators regarding structure and work process for the management and reprocessing of loaned SI and NSI was of a higher standard in Australia than in Brazil. However, failures were detected in both countries, for instance delivery delays and improper point-of-use pre-cleaning practices. Conclusion There are key challenges inherent of the multifaceted reusable medical devices loaner system in both countries, such as communication failures, implementation of non-recommended practices, reprocessing of NSI, and other related to structure and process quality indicators, that must be faced. Initial and ongoing education and training should be provided and should embrace the themes of technical proficiency, effective communication and teamwork, and should include all personnel involved in this process, even loaner company staff.

Problem setting. Spatial development of Ukraine today is characterized by the presence of serious problems and negative trends, including inequalities of socio-economic development of some regions and settlements, inconsistency of social, economic, urban and environmental aspects of their development.State and local governments solve these problems by developing and implementing spatial development strategies. However, very few of such strategies met the real challenges and needs of local communities, were implemented or integrated.Recent research and publications analysis. Such Ukrainian scientists as O. Berdanova, B. Bezzubko, V. Vakulenko, G. Vasylchenko, Z. Gerasymchuk, O. Kary, V. Mamonova, O. Karlova, I. Parasyuk, A. Tkachuk and some others should be noted among the researchers of strategic planning and territorial development. Some national scientists devoted their research to relevant aspects of project management in territorial development, such as O. Amosha, V. Babayev, O. Bezugly, Z. Varnaliy, S. Vovkanych, S. Ghazaryan, A. Galchynsky, V. Geets, Z. Gerasymchuk, B. Danylyshyn, M. Dolishniy, T. Zayats, O. Kavtysh, I. Katsai, G. Litosh, O. Medvedeva, V. Molokanova, O. Novikova, O. Pidkuyko, S. Pisarenko, V. Rach, O. Rossoshanska, V. Seminozhenko, S. Chernov and some others.A number of methodological documents for spatial development planning have also been developed as part of EuropeAid technical assistance programs and projects.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Previous research has paid almost no attention to the identification of specific entities that are currently involved in the spatial development of Ukraine. The lack of clearly defined development “recipients” deprives the developed strategic documents of any specific vector of their implementation. This greatly complicates the functioning of the spatial development system in our country and reduces its efficiency. Therefore, the aim of the study is to propose a method of spatial development entities analysis in order to identify the actors who now provide implementation of measures in the field of spatial development in Ukraine.Paper main body. According to the proposed method, the first stage of the spatial development entities analysis is the establishment of landowners as potential assets users for the implementation of development measures. The next analyzed group of participants includes the subjects of urban planning, namely – customers of buildings construction and reconstruction, which are contained in the Unified Register of documents certifying the commissioning of completed facilities. The third group of spatial development entities studied includes investors who provide financing for spatial development activities. Statistical data on capital investments by sources of financing were obtained from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine.Certain spatial development entities are clearly divided into the public or private sphere, as project management approaches and methods in these areas have traditionally differed significantly. According to the developed method, the analysis of current entities in Ukrainian spatial development was carried out.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Obtained results of the analysis allow us to establish the representatives of the private sector as the main players in the spatial development in Ukraine. They own almost three quarters of Ukraine’s land. They are the most active participants in urban development, and they are the ones who provide more than 87% of capital investments with their own funds. That is, spatial development must be strategically attractive primarily for the private sector. Therefore, a topical area for further research may be the search of mechanisms for reconciling the strategic priorities established by the authorities in spatial development strategies with the strategic priorities of private structures as the main actors in spatial development.

Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of human resource management (HRM) in mitigating negative effects of Lean management and Six Sigma (LM&SS) on employee well-being in health care. The authors subdivide well-being into three components: happiness, trust and health. Design/methodology/approach This is a cross-sectional, multisite survey study in internal service units of hospitals. Data analyzed using multivariate regression come from a sample of 1,886 survey respondents (42 units, N = 218 supervisors, N = 1,668 employees) in eight Dutch academic hospitals that have implemented LM&SS. Findings The present study findings show no or weak effects of LM&SS on the happiness and health component of employee well-being. In addition, the authors found a significant but weak direct positive effect (ß = 0.07) of the LM&SS bundle on the trusting relationships component of well-being. Therefore, moderating effects of HRM practices on the relationship between LM&SS and employee well-being seem less relevant because an existing relationship between LM&SS and employee well-being is a prerequisite for moderation (Hayes, 2009). There were unexpected side effects. Inspired by research that discusses direct effects of HRM on employee well-being, the authors tested this relationship and found that HRM has a direct positive effect on trust and happiness of employees in health care. For the health component of well-being, the present results show a weak negative effect of HRM. Practical implications This study results in a cautiously optimistic view about LM&SS in health care, provided that it is applied in a targeted manner (to improve the performance of their processes) and that HRM is strategically aligned with the goals of LM&SS to improve employees’ happiness and trusting relationships. Originality/value Unique features of the study are the focus on the consequences for employees’ well-being related to LM&SS in health care, the role of HRM in regard to this relationship and the participation of all eight Dutch academic hospitals in this research.

Aim To describe and synthesize evidence for champions of domestic violence practice improvement in healthcare and highlight implications for leadership and nurse management. Background Globally, healthcare leaders have been tasked with improving service responses to domestic violence. Evidencing the role of champions, and how managers may harness champions in improving responses to domestic violence, is an important factor in successfully leading change in this field. Evaluation A scoping review was conducted using four electronic databases (Proquest, PubMed, Medline and PsycINFO). Key issues Eleven studies were included. Champion characteristics, roles, and factors influencing their impact were distilled. Barriers to the success of champions were identified as were four aspects of the champion role: mentor and expert advice; communication and engagement; strategic advocacy, coordination and project leadership; personal and emotional support. Conclusions The review highlighted that champions involved in domestic violence project implementation have unique aspect to their role, along with characteristics reported in the broader champion literature. As an emerging field, there is evidence that domestic violence champions play an important role in mentoring and supporting healthcare workers to effectively change their practice. Implications for nursing management Nurse managers and leaders need to understand the champion construct and the roles that champions enact to generate domestic violence and abuse system and practice change. Further research is required to provide guidance.

Purpose The I DO project connects business students to the European branch of small private international development organizations (PIs), using experiential service learning, which combines skill-based and hands-on volunteering opportunities, to achieve learning objectives with students (learning) while helping PIs (service). This paper aims to summarize the experiences and learnings of the pilot project. Design/methodology/approach Students work in four-person teams, guided by a student-coach, an academic supervisor and professional support, on a service project for one PI. Students provide indirect service to the PI through skill-based activities (e.g. creating marketing strategies or improving organizational efficiency) or hands-on volunteering (e.g. fundraising). In this program, students do not provide direct service to beneficiaries (i.e. they do not travel abroad). “I DO” will be established as a scalable regular course within the RSM Bachelor’s program. A pilot involving 22 students and 6 PIs was started in September 2020. Findings The teaching brief describes lessons learned from the non-credit bearing 2021 pilot. As skill-based volunteers, students performed hands-on support tasks, conducted analyses, and formulated strategic recommendations. In the pilot, however, the students did not take on the active role of skill-based volunteer consultants, concentrating instead on the safer, easier role of hands-on support volunteers. Future improvements could thus be realized in the preparation phase, as well as by focusing the guidance of the coaches and academic supervisor on the stated learning objectives. The project and the students’ motivation were negatively affected by the lockdown. In the future, including after the pandemic, measures will be added to maintain motivation, including a focus on the personal development of students, social events between students and stronger involvement on the part of the coach. Originality/value The teaching brief presents a new approach to service learning in international development as the service is giving to Western “headquarters” in both hands-on as skill-based volunteering.

Employees are the main key in increasing productivity and the success of agency activities. Employees have an important role in reducing or minimizing the impact of loss or damage caused by a disaster. This study aims to analyse and empirically test the influence of leadership on employee work motivation, organizational culture on employee work motivation, leadership on employee performance, organizational culture on employee performance, work motivation on employee performance, work motivation in mediating the influence of leadership on employees. performance, and work motivation in mediating the influence of organizational culture on employee performance. The method in this study using the sampling method, the population in this study is the SAR Department of Semarang City. The research sample was 125 samples. The results show that leadership has a positive effect on work motivation, organizational culture has a positive effect on work motivation, leadership has a positive effect on performance, organizational culture has a positive effect on performance, work motivation has a positive effect on performance, leadership has a positive effect on performance through work motivation, and culture organization has a positive effect on performance through work motivation. The conclusion from the results of this study is that the leadership that has been carried out has a positive impact on employees at the Semarang City Search and Rescue Service

Nyong Group is one of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) located in Sleman, Yogyakarta. Nyong group has several business units, namely nyong shoes and care Yogya, shoes and care Cilacap, nyong donuts, and nyong stalls (food, snacks and chili sauce). The problems by IbM partners include; First, (1) There is no Point of Sales application that uses inventory to meet the needs of the production process or is sold again, (2) Not yet has this Inventory covering raw materials, in-process goods, and goods so (finished goods). The output targets in this program are (1) the application of point of sales applications for recording sales transactions, (2) Adding an inventory application to the created point of sales applications. The service program is carried out in 2 (two) forms; First, (1) design of a point of sales application for Nyong Group's sales transactions. Second, making an inventory application to be able to determine whether to record goods based on arrival time or the amount of stock you can determine to record goods based on arrival time or stock amount. The implementation of this program is designed in four stages of activity, namely: (1) Coordination and preparation stage (2) Design stage (3) Science and technology implementation stage (4) Evaluation and refinement stage.

We assess whether and how VC investors’ education and experience influence their screening decisions of potential investee candidates. Empirically, we perform an experimental choice-based-conjoint (CBC) analysis with 564 individual VC investors. Our results highlight that the level and field of education, as well as the decision maker’s investment and entrepreneurial experience, moderate the relative importance of different screening criteria. More specifically, we find that international scalability seems to become more important for decision makers with higher education and those with entrepreneurial experience. Whereas decision makers with a background in natural science focus on the value-added of the product or service, engineers seem to value a break even profitability and focus less on the management team. Investment experience, on the other hand, leads to a stronger focus on the management team. Our study contributes to the literature investigating the influence of human capital characteristics of the decision maker in venture financing. Practical implications exist for entrepreneurial ventures seeking financing and for risk capital investors making investments in such ventures.

In the era of computational advertising, advertising effectiveness can be measured by different metrics at different stages of the sales funnel. In the upper funnel, the click-through rate (CTR, the rate of click per impression) represents the attractiveness of the advertising; the conversion rate (CVR, the rate of conversion per click) in the lower funnel indicates the persuasiveness of the advertising. Achieving higher CTR and CVR may need distinct advertising strategies: improving CTR requires raising more consumers’ interest in the ad, which is more beneficial to publishers; boosting CVR needs the ad to inspire more consumers’ desire in the product (service), which is more profitable to advertisers. In order to study the performance of advertising texts in terms of the two dimensions and reconcile the two different goals, this paper draws on Speech Act Theory (SAT) in linguistics to classify advertising texts into three types (i.e., assertive, expressive, and directive), and analyzes how advertising texts can impact consumer behaviors. We further categorize the above three styles of advertising texts into subjective type (i.e., expressive and directive) and objective type (i.e., assertive). Based on a field study, we find that subjective advertising with more personalization leads to a higher CTR, while objective advertising with higher consistency with the brand information results in a higher CVR. The results suggest that firms with different marketing goals should utilize different styles of advertising texts to elicit desirable consumer behaviors during different stages of the sales funnel.

Although studies point to a relationship between debt and crime, there is a limited understanding of their reciprocal relationship and possible mediating risk factors. Moreover, knowledge about the prevalence and scope of debt among offenders is lacking. Therefore, the present study analyzed 250 client files including risk assessment data from the Dutch probation service on the prevalence of debt and possibly related risk factors. The results show that debt is highly prevalent and complex, which underlines the importance of acquiring more knowledge about debt as a potential risk factor for relapse during supervision. It was found that problems with regard to childhood and living situation, education and work/daytime activities, and mental and physical health may be possible underlying risk factors in the relationship between debt and crime. These insights can help professionals adequately support clients with regard to debt in order to prevent recidivism.

Similar to the carbon transfer among regions and countries, the embodied carbon emissions among industries also have serious carbon leakage problems. It is important to determine the embodied carbon flow relationships among industrial sectors, to clarify the responsibilities of each sector, and to adjust the sectoral structure accordingly. Given that, an embodied carbon emission flow relationships network among industrial sectors (ECEFRN) is developed in this paper. In detail, an environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) model is applied to quantitatively estimate the embodied carbon emission flow relationships among industrial sectors in China. The roles and functions of each industrial sector in the network and the evolution characteristics of the embodied carbon emission flow relationships are determined by the social network analysis (SNA) method. Results show that ECEFRN has the small-world characteristics, and key industrial sectors in the network are identified based on the analysis of degree centrality and betweenness centrality. During the study period, in the ECEFRN, “Processing of petroleum, coking, and nuclear fuel”, “Smelting and pressing of metals”, “Production and supply of electricity and heat” are important “suppliers”. “Construction”, “Other service” and “Manufacture of transport equipment” are important “importers”. “Manufacture of foods and tobacco”, “Manufacture of transport equipment”, “Manufacture of computers, communication and other electronic equipment” are important “intermediaries”. Based on the aforementioned research results, this paper proposes corresponding policy suggestions. Network-based research has contributed more insights to the understanding of carbon emission reduction responsibilities among industrial sectors. These findings will provide certain theoretical support and policy references for policymakers when formulating policies for carbon emission reduction and industrial structure adjustment.

Research related to the spatial mismatch hypothesis has demonstrated that the decentralization of jobs undermines job accessibility for socially and economically disadvantaged groups, especially those dependent on public transit. One potential solution is the promotion of agglomeration economies associated with transit infrastructure which could enhance job accessibility for low-wage or low-skilled workers by centralizing jobs to urban areas with relatively high-density surrounding transit stations. However, the dramatic change in spatial distribution of low-skilled or low-wage workers through Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) could limit jobs available to the underrepresented workers in the urban central area. In this case, agglomeration may not help these workers have better access to matching jobs. To unravel these relationships, this research investigates the effect of agglomeration related to transit's positive externalities on gravity-based job accessibility by transit in Portland, OR. Furthermore, this study compares the agglomeration impact on low-skilled job accessibility to the overall job accessibility. Effective job density is proxy for transit-related agglomeration economies in the analysis. The relationship is estimated with spatial econometric models to evaluate the direct effect as well as the spillover effect of agglomeration. Overall, the agglomeration with benefits from transit network and service brings a positive effect on job accessibility. However, agglomeration economies of one location reduces the job accessibility of their neighbors, implying that concentrating economic activities beyond a certain spatial scale may absorb jobs from the neighboring areas. Policymakers and urban planners should set an upper limit in the spatial scale of TODs to avoid a zero-sum game. The agglomeration effect on job accessibility for low-skilled workers is not as strong as the accessibility for all workers, calling for decision-makers’ attention to the importance of “redistributing” the agglomeration effect through progressive land use and transportation policy efforts for underrepresented workers.

Motivated by the needs of modern transportation service platforms, we study the problem of computing constrained shortest paths (CSP) at scale via preprocessing techniques. Our work makes two contributions in this regard: 1) We propose a scalable algorithm for CSP queries and show how its performance can be parametrized in terms of a new network primitive, the constrained highway dimension. This development extends recent work that established the highway dimension as the appropriate primitive for characterizing the performance of unconstrained shortest-path (SP) algorithms. Our main theoretical contribution is deriving conditions relating the two notions, thereby providing a characterization of networks where CSP and SP queries are of comparable hardness. 2) We develop practical algorithms for scalable CSP computation, augmenting our theory with additional network clustering heuristics. We evaluate these algorithms on real-world data sets to validate our theoretical findings. Our techniques are orders of magnitude faster than existing approaches while requiring only limited additional storage and preprocessing.

Substantially, the theory of e-government public value (PV-EGOV) has been treated as a hot topic to be explored insightfully. This research comes to be considered as the launching point to empirically evaluate the creation of PV-EGOV in Jordan. The main aim of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the PV-EGOV in the context of Jordan. Information System Success Model (IS success model) was selected to determine the factors affecting the e-government public value in Jordan through the quality factors (system, information, and service) and their role in citizens' intention in use and satisfaction of the e-government. The structural Equation Model (SEM) approach was harnessed to obtain the results. The results indicated that the most critical determinant factor that affected the PV-EGOV was service quality. The current article has theoretical and practical implications for public institutions in Jordan. The future work trends are established in their specific section of this article.

The Internet of Things (IoT) foresaw a transparent network between the real and virtual worlds. IoT offers a promising potential to develop strong market and industrial applications. The export-oriented economy of industrial manufacturers relies on product and service creativity to retain a competitive advantage. The IoT-based applications of innovative manufacturing companies (IOTs), where most companies are involved and engaged in many of the case IoT-based applications, is motivated by computing capacity, networking, cost reduction and electronic components. A common motive is the Internet of Things applications and the improvement of after-sales service activities. The suggested Linear Product Design Regression (LPDR) algorithm classifies business product innovation design based on consumer input to support business development. Businesses, companies and the technology industry: the inhibitors hinder the development of the four IT applications. IoT offers one of the latest innovations in manufacturing to allow us to meet key challenges. The product design and development engineering are engaged in utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) to create comprehensive policies and policy creation for manufacturing companies.To support business development. Businesses, companies and the technology industry: the inhibitors hinder the development of the four IT applications. To allow us to meet key challenges and to create comprehensive policies and policy creation for manufacturing companies.

Colombia's health sector reform has been recognized for its universal health (UHC) coverage scheme. However, this reform evolved without palliative care (PC), thereby omitting a core element of UHC. In this paper, we analyze the Colombian health system reform and health policies in relation to PC. We present the history, innovations, successes, and shortcomings of the reform and summarize the lessons learned to strengthen efforts leading to PC integration. Our analysis is based on the WHO public health framework for PC (policy, access to medicines, education, service provision). For several years and especially during the last decade, the government enacted laws and regulations to improve access to essential medicines and to integrate PC. Relative to other countries in Latin America, Colombia was the first to launch a PC service and to accredit palliative medicine as a specialty, the second to establish a national PC association and one of the few countries with a specific PC law. However, data shows that there are still too few services to meet the PC needs of approximately 250,000 adult patients annually. Our analysis shows that the country's failure to integrate PC most likely is a result of limited health worker education. Advocacy efforts should include deans of schools and provosts, in addition to policy makers and regulators. Other possible factors affecting uptake and implementation of existing national policies are civil unrest and limited collaboration between government offices. Additional research is needed to evaluate the impact of these and other related factors on PC integration in Colombia.

We examine the impact of China's adoption of the logistics service standardization (LSS) as an exogenous shock on firm innovation. The results show that patents obtained by firms located in LSS cities after the reform increased more significantly compared to firms located in non-LSS cities. The findings are robust to alternative types of patents obtained, the number of patent applications, propensity score matched samples, accounting for selection bias, and placebo tests. Additional analyses suggest that the channels for the positive impact of the LSS on innovation are enhanced product market competition, lowered financial constraints, and reduced operating risk. In cross-sectional analyses, we document that the positive impact of the LSS on innovation is more salient for firms with distant supply chain partners, low inventory turnover, low production efficiency, high product potential, large government subsidies, and more bank loans.

Although the United States has offered refuge to millions of immigrants, healthcare providers still lack sufficient understanding of social and ethnic issues in this population. Sociocultural barriers inhibit service accessibility and compromise the quality and appropriateness of care for resettled refugees. To address this issue, faculty from a school of nursing pioneered a spiritually and culturally centered simulation experience to enhance prelicensure students' cultural competence and sensitivity in caring for refugees.

PurposeThis study examines the impact of access to credit on the technical efficiency (TE) of maize-producing smallholder farmers in Ethiopia and explores factors determining credit utilization.Design/methodology/approachThe study relies on nationally representative data collected in 2015/2016. The data are analyzed by combining the Propensity Score Matching technique with a stochastic frontier model that corrects selectivity bias arising from unobserved variables.FindingsThe result shows that credit service improves TE and helps smallholder farmers to achieve the maximum possible output level from a given set of inputs used.Originality/valueTo the best of author’s knowledge, no study has yet measured the impact of access to credit on TE by controlling for both observed and unobserved heterogeneities. Existing research relied on a single production frontier model, assuming that credit users and non-users have similar production characteristics or ignored selection bias due to observable and unobservable characteristics.

Problem setting. NATO focuses on strategic communications considering its security component. Strategic communications are one of the top priorities in the world security, thus it is highly important to consider NATO cooperation aspects for coordinated cooperation in strategic communications. One of the most important components of the NATO strategic communications is internal communications, especially work with personnel and internal interrelations.The paper is aimed at considering particular effective mechanisms of public administration in internal communications of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) and providing proposals to the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine and AFU considering personal experience gained in the east of Ukraine. This experience could be implemented in security and defence sector of Ukraine to neutralize threats in hybrid warfare. Recent research and publications analysis. The theory and methods of strategic communications and internal communications are studied in papers of Yu. Bakaeyev, A. Barovska, S. Hutsal, I. Doronin, N. Drahomyretska, D. Dubov, V. Kniazev, L. Kompantseva, O. Kushnir, V. Lipkan, T. Popova, O. Salnikova, V. Semenenko, A. Ivaschenko, Ye. Nevalnyi etc. The Ukrainian scientists pay more attention to problems of strategic communications implementation.In November 2020, the Minister of Defence of Ukraine declared the transfer of administrative processes and principles of the AFU to new standards till the end of 2022. Moreover, he underscored that a new style of military leadership, new philosophy of relations within the AFU.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Despite the permanent focus on the internal communications issue, it should be improved in view of current information environment and hybrid threats affecting the Ukrainian society conscience.Paper main body. Internal communications mean the process of information exchange among staffs and units; commanders and staffs (vertically) and among units (horizontally) based on effective relations among subordinates and commanders. According to the NATO standards, the internal communications are aimed at aligning the large-scale tasks, plans, and strategies defined by the commanders and personnel. The internal communications contribute to the organization (ministry) image. The example of the effective internal communications system is the project implemented in the anti-terror operation (ATO) region in the east of Ukraine in March 2015. It consisted of formation of high mobile groups of internal communications which worked in ATO region and resolved service related problems. This project was aimed at hearing people, supporting them, teaching them to act in difficult situations, providing appropriate answers to their questions.Groups dealt with moral and psychological, social and legal support issues. They consisted of representatives of clergy, public organizations, and artists to support commanders in establishing the personnel communication and appropriate psychological support. Their activities were focused on establishment of internal communications as a component of the effective administrative activity and leadership in order to achieve personnel motivation and loyalty. Generally, there were five groups responsible for administration issues of all groups involved, for moral support, for psychological support, for social and legal support, for cultural support.Groups used methods, questionnaires, and tests approved by instruction of the AFU General Staff and scientific research institutions.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The current challenges force the scientists to search solutions in the interests of national security and defence, meanwhile, there is no comprehensive approach to the improvement of the internal communications system. The current system of internal communications should be thoroughly revised based on the experience gained in the east of Ukraine and NATO nations.

The article considers some indicators of the widespread social phenomenon in Russia - labor migration, which, according to the data for 2019, involves about 2.9 million Russians, or 4% of the employed population. These are internal labor migrants who temporarily work outside their regions. This type of labor migration of Russians has common features with temporary employment in the United States, Canada, and Australia (long distance commuting - LDC), fly-in/fly-out - FIFO). The empirical basis of the article consists of the statistical data (results of the labor force survey by the Federal State Statistics Service for 2011-2019) and the results of sociological research conducted in the region with a high level of shift employment - the Republic of Bashkortostan - in 2015-2019. The statistical data prove regional differences in the Russian shift employment: the majority (72%) of internal labor migrants live in a third of the regions with high and medium levels of temporary labor migration; in some regions, the level of temporary labor migration decreases. The sociological data show different involvement in shift employment depending on place of residence, gender and age, marital status and level of education. The same social-territorial and social-demographic features are evident at the national level. At the federal level, internal labor migration, as a tool for social-economic development, helps to solve the problem of labor shortage in certain areas and sectors of economy; therefore, such labor migration is supported by legal acts. At the regional level, it decreases the labor and demographic potential of the regions that provide labor migrants. To preserve the economic and demographic potential and to strengthen the competitiveness of such regions, we need to develop regional labor markets and labor mobility within regions.