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Il contributo si prefigge di comprendere se la semplificazione sia lo strumento adatto a risolvere almeno parte dei problemi che gravano sul patrimonio e sui servizi culturali. A tale scopo, dopo aver precisato cosa debba intendersi con il termine ���semplificazione���, si �� passati all���esame di alcune problematiche di ampio respiro riscontrate nel settore dei beni culturali e alle possibili soluzioni da adottare, nell���intento di dettare delle linee direttrici lungo le quali ci si potr�� muovere in futuro con l���adozione di misure puntuali. In particolare, l���articolo affronta la necessit��, da una parte, che alcuni soggetti dell���ordinamento giuridico si focalizzino e adempiano pienamente alle funzioni che la legge attribuisce loro: lo Stato a presidio della tutela, le Regioni alla pianificazione della valorizzazione del patrimonio e al coordinamento tra le realt��, pubbliche e private, del territorio. D���altra parte, viene sottolineata la necessit�� di promuovere un uso corretto della discrezionalit�� amministrativa ancorandola a riferimenti conoscibili e oggettivi e quella di intendere correttamente la conservazione, incentivando le misure preventive. Alla luce di tali obbiettivi, il ricorso alla semplificazione, sebbene talvolta possa certamente risultare utile, non costituisce tuttavia lo strumento principale cui fare ricorso, mentre un ruolo determinante sembra poter essere svolto dalla normativa tecnica e da linee guida che suggeriscano buone prassi. The aim of this work is to understand whether simplification is the proper tool to be used to solve at least some of the problems weighing on heritage and cultural services. For this purpose, after clarifying what should be understood by the term ���simplification���, a number of wide-ranging issues in the area of cultural heritage and possible solutions to be adopted are here examined, with the aim of suggesting directions to be followed in the future by adopting precise measures. In particular, this work addresses the need, on the one hand, for certain bodies of the legal system to focus and fulfil the functions that law gives to them: the State shall guarantee the safeguard, Regions shall plan the enhancement of heritage and the coordination of the actors (both public and private) of the territory. On the other hand, this work underlines the need to promote a proper use of administrative discretion by anchoring it to clear and objective references and the need to properly consider conservation, therefore encouraging preventive measures. According to these aims, the use of simplification, which is certainly useful sometimes, is not the main tool to be used, while a crucial role seems to be played by technical standards and by guidelines of good practices., IL CAPITALE CULTURALE. Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage, Supplementi (11/2020): Per una migliore normalit�� e una rinnovata prossimit��

Pump scheduling is a decision-making problem in water distribution networks. The aim is to plan the pumping operations to minimize the energy cost over the day ahead. Modelling the binary status of the pumps and the nonconvex pressure-flow relations throughout the network results in non-convex Mixed Integer Non-Linear programs (MINLP) that could be particularly hard to solve. The branch-and-check algorithm [1] implemented on top of a commercial linear solver to guarantee the global optimization paradigm for solving such non-convex MINLPs is viable due to convexification of malign constraints. The looseness of convexifications (relaxations) exacerbates the convergence of the optimization process. In response to these caveats, we propose bound tightening and generation of valid inequalities (i.e., cutting planes) at preprocessing stage. This may mitigate the effect of relaxations in form of continuous or nonlinearity, yet potentially too costly. We have proposed a surrogate model to efficiently lower estimate some bounds and a heuristic to control the generation of such cuts.

Project CLIM2POWER is part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate. Climate and weather conditions influence energy demand. as well as electricity generation, especially due to the strong development of renewable energy. The changes of the European energy mix, together with ongoing climate change, raise a number of questions on impact on the electricity sector. In this paper we present results for the whole of the European power sector regarding on how considering current and future climate variability affects the results of a TIMES energy system model for the whole European power sector (eTIMES-EU) up to 2050. For each member-state we consider six climate projections to generate future capacity factors for wind, solar and hydro power generation. as well as temperature impact on electricity demand for heating and cooling. These are input into the eTIMES-EU model to assess how climate affects the optimal operation of the power system and if current EU-wide RES and emissions target deployment may be affected. Results show that although at EU-wide level there are no substantial changes, there are significant differences in countries RES deployment (especially wind and solar) and in electricity trade. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

International audience

A big challenge of sustainable power systems is the integration of climate variability into the operational and long-term planning processes. In this paper, we focus on the run-of-river based hydropower generation on a European scale. In particular, we deal with the modeling of this form of power production based on climate variables. Translating time series of climate data (precipitation and air temperature) into time series of run-of-river based hydropower generation is not an easy task as it is necessary to capture the complex relationship between the availability of water and the generation of electricity. Indeed, this kind of electricity generation is limited by the flow of the river in which the power plants are located. Moreover, the water flow is a nonlinear function of the climate variables and the geographical characteristics of the river basins. Finally, the impact of the climate variables on the runoff may occur with a certain delay, whose determination depends on physically based phenomena (e.g., melting snow-local temperature). In this work, we first compare well-established machine learning regression algorithms to be used for modeling the run-of-river hydropower generation. Then, the technique showing to have the best performance is used for producing long-term estimates of hydropower capacity factors based on future climate scenarios for each European country.

International audience

International audience; Hydro power production strictly depends on the geography and weather peculiarity of locations where power plants are settled. In this paper, we produce long term estimates of hydro power capacity factors for all European countries based on future climate scenarios. We use machine learning techniques for formalizing models able to capture the complex relation between climate variables and energy production on a European scale and use the results of regional and global climate models for future projections.

International audience

In recent years, the complementarity formalism has been shown to be an interesting framework for the mathematical representation of a large class of power converters. In this brief, the complementarity model of a resonant LLC power converter is presented. The model usefulness is demonstrated for the identification of the circuit parameters and for the numerical analysis of the stationary behavior. The comparison between experimental measurements and numerical results shows the efficacy of the proposed approach.