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Home gardens are traditional agricultural systems, particularly common in the tropics, characterized by high plant diversity and play an important role for local residents' livelihoods. Home gardens are reservoirs of biological diversity. This study aims to analyze the diversity and utilization of plants in the traditional home garden. The study was conducted in Bangkalan District, Madura Island, East Java Province, Indonesia. Data was collected in three sub-districts based on the different sea-level surfaces from June 2019 to February 2020. The techniques used were plant inventory, participatory observations, and individual interviews. A total of 30 home gardens were observed in this study. Plant diversity was calculated using the Shannon diversity index (H). The results of the Shannon index indicate that there is medium species diversity in the home gardens in the Bangkalan district (the diversity ranged from 0.48 to 1.81). Plants grown for fruit, vegetables, ornamentals, medicine, food crops, and other purposes. Traditional communities utilize their home gardens mostly for subsistence purposes.

Background: Recent implementation of national health coverage and the increasing health burden in Indonesia require health professionals, including pharmacists, to work more collaboratively to improve access and quality of health care. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about Indonesian pharmacists’ attitude towards collaboration. Objective: To assess and compare the attitude of Indonesian pharmacy students and pharmacists towards collaboration with physicians. Methods: A survey of 95 pharmacy students (Universitas Surabaya) and 114 pharmacists (public health facilities in East Java) in Indonesia was conducted using the validated questionnaire, Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Pharmacist Collaboration (SATP2C), which was translated in Bahasa Indonesia. The questionnaire contained 16 items which were based on a 4-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the responses, (i.e., individual scores, factor scores and total scores). Results: Response rates of 97.9% and 65.8% were reported for students and pharmacists, respectively. The mean total score of SATP2C among Indonesian students and pharmacists were 56.53 versus 56.77, respectively; indicating positive attitudes toward collaboration. Further analysis of each item of SATP2C confirmed the positive attitudes in which mean and median scores of ≥3 were reported for most items in both groups. Significant differences between students and pharmacists were found regarding the following items: (i) ‘there are many overlapping areas of responsibility between pharmacists and physicians’ (3.28 versus 2.89, respectively; p

Background: Cadres play an important part in providing community-based education. This study developed and assessed an education program for cadres in Malang, Indonesia, as 'change agents' to promote rational antibiotic use. Methods: In-depth-interviews with stakeholders (N = 55) and a subsequent group discussion with key personnel (N = 5) were conducted to develop a relevant education tool for cadres. This was followed with a pilot study with cadres (N = 40) to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of the new tool. Results: Consensus was reached on the education tool media: an audio-recording (containing full information) with a pocketbook (containing key information) as a supplement. A pilot study on the new tool reported its effectiveness in improving knowledge (p < 0.001) and demonstrated a high acceptability (all respondents stated 'Strongly Agree' or 'Agree' on all statements). Conclusion: This study has created a model for an education tool which can potentially be implemented for cadres to educate their communities about antibiotics in the Indonesian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sponges from freshwater environments are poorly known producers of phytochemicals with pharmacological potency. Oncosclera asiatica and Eunapius carteri are freshwater sponges from the Porong River, East Java province. They can be considered promising new sources of bioactive compounds. This study aims to investigate the pharmacological potency of O. asiatica and E. carteri extracts. Qualitative phytochemical and GC-MS analyses were performed on the O. asiatica and E. carteri extracts. Antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities, whereas in vitro anti-diabetic activity was evaluated using a-glucosidase inhibition. The phytochemicals were identified by GC-MS in O. asiatica and E. carteri extracts, such as fatty acid esters including hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; 9-hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z); 9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride (Z, Z); 9-Octadecenamide (Z); and decanedioic acid, dibutyl ester, and others. In addition, the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions from E. carteri exhibited good a-glucosidase inhibitory activity. This study revealed that O. asiatica and E. carteri extracts are potential sources of pharmaceutically useful bioactive compounds of natural origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Members of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been well known for their antimicrobial activities against various bacterial pathogens in aquaculture species. Thus, the present study aimed at isolating LAB members from the intestinal tract of wild-caught catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and screening them for antimicrobial production against one of the most common bacterial pathogens, Edwardsiella ictaluri.

This research intends to guide teachers in developing self-control in children aged 9-12 through traditional games. The research method used was Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE framework (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) involving six teachers, seven module validators, and six children. The research findings are as follows: The module received a "very good" rating with a score of 3.40 from one lecturer and five teachers. The surface and content validity tests received a "very good" rating of 3.50 and 3.55, respectively. 3) The application of the module has a positive effect on the self-control of children aged 9-12 years, with a high level of effectiveness of 88.70%. The research results showed that after using the module, the average posttest score (M = 0.9217) was higher than the pretest score (M = 0.6650). This difference is significant, with a value of tt(5) = 4.122, p = 0.009 (p