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Purpose: To compare diabetic retinopathy screening among patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes under care in two distinct setups: hospital-based multidisciplinary and general practice-based. Materials and methods: In this retrospective observational case series, we collected data from a total of 133 diabetic patients: subjects from the hospital-based multidisciplinary setting were referred by the diabetologist and screened by an ophthalmologist using the Optomed Aurora IQ fundus camera. These patients were compared with those who underwent DR screening arranged through a general practice-based setting. Results: The proportion of patients treated with insulin was higher in the hospital-based multidisciplinary group, both considering the totality patients and those affected by type 2 diabetes (71.6% vs. 32.2%; p < 0.001, and 58.8% vs. 31.0%; p = 0.004 respectively). Patients from the hospital-based multidisciplinary group had a longer mean diabetes duration (19.6 vs 14.9 years, p < 0.001), underwent DR screening more frequently in the previous three years (2.9 vs 1.4, p < 0.001), the mean time between two DR screenings was shorter (14.6 vs 77.9 weeks, p < 0.001), and DR was detected more frequently (32,4% vs 13.5%; p = 0.011). Conclusion: We were able to demonstrate that patients screened in the multidisciplinary center, which had characteristics predisposing to a higher risk of DR, were more likely to be diagnosed with DR on time, with a higher mean number of DR screenings and a shorted interval between diabetic and ophthalmological assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To measure the optimal anterior chamber pressure (ACP) for safe phacoemulsification using a new tube chamber system with internal pressure measurement function in the porcine eye. METHODS: The 20-gauge and 21-gauge straight tips with yellow and orange sleeves, respectively, were covered by a test chamber combined with a pressure sensor for measuring ACP. This was measured for 20s from 10s after starting aspiration in the linear mode using vacuum levels of 200 and 150 mm Hg with a 20-gauge tip, and 300 and 250 mm Hg with a 21-gauge tip. Using a porcine eye, a pressure sensor fixed with a 0.9 mm corneal incision measured ACP. For the posterior capsule contact assay, porcine eyes were treated as described above, and the ultrasonic needle tip was held at the height of the iris and aspirated for 30s in linear mode at a vacuum of 200 and 150 mm Hg for the 20-gauge tip, and 300 and 250 mm Hg for the 21-gauge tip. The bottle height at which the posterior capsule accidentally contacted the ultrasonic tip was recorded, and the estimated ACP was calculated. RESULTS: The internal pressure of the new tube chamber system and ACP from the porcine eye closely matched proportional changes at vacuum levels of 200 and 150 mm Hg with 20-gauge tips. Similarly, proportional changes at vacuum levels of 300 and 250 mm Hg with the 21-gauge tip were nearly equal. The bottle height at which the posterior capsule contacted with the tip and estimated ACP were 57.5±12.6 cm (20.2±7.9 mm Hg) at 200 mm Hg with a 20-gauge tip, 35.0±10.0 cm (16.6±6.3 mm Hg) at 150 mm Hg with a 20-gauge tip, 47.5±12.6 cm (18.7±8.7 mm Hg) at 300 mm Hg with a 21-gauge tip, and 32.5±5.0 cm (15.7±3.5 mm Hg) at 250 mm Hg with a 21-gauge tip. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive understanding of this chamber system's characteristics and usage can resolve anterior chamber instability caused by changing preoperative settings on the phaco machine.

Film is the replication of real-life which employs visual elements apart from dialogue and sound effects to communicate effectively to an audience. An aspect of using such visual elements includes setting, sets and props to define a character's social status, geographical location, period, and other circumstances. In addition, such visual elements in the cinematic space can present significations, meanings and visual metaphors in the story. These visual elements are signs and symbols perceived as film language and used to communicate in films. The explication of this communication apparatus and its study as signification is known as semiotics. As observed, very little scholarly attention has been given to research on setting, sets and props in Ghanaian films based on semiotics. Therefore, this paper focuses on setting, sets and props in the Ghanaian film titled Sinking Sands (2010). It employs the qualitative approach and framework. Based on the semiotics theoretical anchorage, this paper attempts to analyse how some settings, sets, and props are used in the selected Ghanaian film Sinking Sands (2010) to make meaning and present visual metaphors in the cinematic space. It is observed that the use of visual elements such as setting, sets and props in films does not only present their functional or utilitarian purposes as viewed in the society but they also display different dimensions of meanings and visual metaphors in the cinematic space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This longitudinal prospective cohort study examined participation between 6 months and 1.5 years after pediatric mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) in 68 children aged 6–18 years. Levels of participation in different settings remain mostly stable between 6 months and 1.5 years after mTBI, with a substantial proportion of children continuing to indicate less than full functioning. Future studies should examine risk factors and opportunities for early identification to prevent long-term negative consequences of pediatric mTBI regarding participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GeneXpert HBV Viral Load test is a simplified tool to scale up screening and HBV monitoring in resource-limited settings, where HBV is endemic and where molecular techniques to quantify HBV DNA are expensive and scarce. However, the accuracy of field diagnostics compared to gold standard assays in HBV-endemic African countries has not been well understood. We aim to validate the diagnostic performance of the GeneXpert HBV Viral Load test in freshly collected and stored plasma and dried blood spot (DBS) samples to assess turn-around-time (TAT) for sample processing and treatment initiation, to map GeneXpert machines and to determine limitations to its use in The Gambia. Freshly collected paired plasma and DBS samples (n = 56) were analyzed by the GeneXpert test. Similarly, stored plasma and DBS samples (n = 306, n = 91) were analyzed using the GeneXpert HBV test, in-house qPCR and COBAS TaqMan Roche. The correlation between freshly collected plasma and DBS is r = 0.88 with a mean bias of −1.4. The GeneXpert HBV test had the highest quantifiable HBV DNA viremia of 81.4% (n = 249/306), and the lowest was detected by in-house qPCR at 37.9% (n = 116/306) for stored plasma samples. Bland–Altman plots show strong correlation between GeneXpert and COBAS TaqMan and between GeneXpert and in-house qPCR with a mean bias of +0.316 and −1.173 log10 IU/mL, respectively. However, paired stored plasma and DBS samples had a lower mean bias of 1.831 log10 IU/mL, which is almost significant (95% limits of agreement: 0.66–3.001). Patients (n = 3) were enrolled in the study within a TAT of 6 days. The GeneXpert HBV test displayed excellent diagnostic accuracy by detecting HBV viremia in less than 10 IU/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subthreshold lasers operate below the threshold of visible tissue damage, thereby preventing ophthalmoscopically visible thermal damage to the chorio-retinal layers. They could represent a safe and effective alternative and/or adjunctive procedure to conventional lasers in treating diabetic macula edema (DME), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), and branch retina vein occlusion (BRVO). This review focuses on the use of subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL), its settings, and clinical applications. Despite their widespread use, a standardized protocol for sub-threshold laser settings has not been established yet, and thus, there is uncertainty in selecting effective and safe parameters for any specific situation. We conducted a comprehensive overview of the existing indications for subthreshold laser therapy and their settings for different retinal diseases. The debate revolves around which parameters could guarantee the safety of the procedure for each case, depending on the duty cycle, the laser wavelength, the spot duration, and the power, with laser power titration on one side or choosing a fixed lowered power value on the other side. SMPL therapy for DME, CSCR, and BRVO-associated macular edema has shown significant effectiveness in reducing the macular thickness, facilitating subretinal fluid absorptions, increasing the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and reducing the number of intravitreal injections (IVI) required annually. We presented a broad list of the laser parameters reported in the literature, organized into different tables divided based on the specific pathology, with the aim of providing a useful tool for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on older adults' perceived health and well-being according to different types of participation in sport and physical activity by gender and region. A survey was implemented during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Australia (June 2020) and information collected on demographics, sport and physical activity patterns pre-COVID-19, and health and well-being outcomes during lockdown and compared to 1 year earlier. During COVID-19 lockdown, older adults who participated in both club sport and informal activities had significantly better general health, physical health, and resilience than those who participated solely in a single setting. Those participating in both team and individual activities reported better general well-being. Older adults who were active in a range of settings and modes had improved health and well-being. Social support is especially important for older adults to become and remain active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the Venice Charter in Spain still requires a complementary study to critically evaluate its reception. The contribution intends, therefore, to examine this historical period, through unpublished documentation from various archives, and highlighting how, in our opinion, this has been undervalued. Gabriel Alomar's work as General Superintendent, through some policies for the protection of the so-called Conjuntos Histórico-Artísticos, was intended to introduce a different way of dealing with the traditional setting that failed under the speculative pressure of the 1960's. Nevertheless, they are an example of the influence of international institutions in the renewal of the culture of restoration in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article is reprinted from Kevin's New Leaves on an Old Tree (Propolis Books, 2023) which is a collection of essays, articles, lectures and reviews. The collection focuses on the various facets of story and storytelling which have been at the heart of all Kevin's literary achievements: his poetry; his many translations from Old English; his retellings of British folk tales, Anglo-Saxon riddles and Norse myths; and his fiction – in particular his Arthur novels, and his prize-winning novella Storm. This article, however, is Kevin's recollections of his many collaborators with composers and musicians and his long and distinguished career as a lyricist and librettist, beginning with the setting of some of his translations of Anglo-Saxon riddles by Sir Arthur Bliss when Kevin had just graduated from university and concluding with his most recent collaboration with Cecilia McDowall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Film is the replication of real-life which employs visual elements apart from dialogue and sound effects to communicate effectively to an audience. An aspect of using such visual elements includes setting, sets and props to define a character's social status, geographical location, period, and other circumstances. In addition, such visual elements in the cinematic space can present significations, meanings and visual metaphors in the story. These visual elements are signs and symbols perceived as film language and used to communicate in films. The explication of this communication apparatus and its study as signification is known as semiotics. As observed, very little scholarly attention has been given to research on setting, sets and props in Ghanaian films based on semiotics. Therefore, this paper focuses on setting, sets and props in the Ghanaian film titled Sinking Sands (2010). It employs the qualitative approach and framework. Based on the semiotics theoretical anchorage, this paper attempts to analyse how some settings, sets, and props are used in the selected Ghanaian film Sinking Sands (2010) to make meaning and present visual metaphors in the cinematic space. It is observed that the use of visual elements such as setting, sets and props in films, in addition to their functional or utilitarian purposes in society, also display different dimensions of meanings and visual metaphors in the cinematic space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides, first, a description then an analysis of the overall framework of a communication situation on X/Twitter. By opting for an analysis according to the model of settings of Brown and Fraser, we identify the contours of the notion of reception as a component of the more developed diagram of communication. Apart from the particularities marking computer-mediated communications, the analysis we carried out allows us to dissect the context and reveals how reception must be adapted to interaction on Twitter.

The means for calculation and selection of phase-differential protection settings of overhead lines of L60 microprocessor protections of the General Electric company in complex electrical networks up to 10,000 nodes was developed. This software allows to select settings according to the possible types of mixed signals: forward-sequenced and reverse-sequenced, as well as additional criteria. The program makes it possible to check the sensitivity of the starting and disconnecting devices in the case of symmetrical and asymmetrical short circuits, in the case of maximum reverse power flows in various mixed starts. Ref. 3 fig. 5.

This work addresses the basic psychological process Emotion in the construction of literary characters, seeking to correlate the application of the term Oedipal in scientific literature and fiction literature. By extension, it also focuses on the emotional states of the characters triggered by different traumas resulting from the progression of the narrative plot in which they find themselves. It verifies the existence of three different behavioral systems in the affective triangle formed by the characters, highlighting an attachment system, a care system, and a sexual system. It concludes with an analysis of the characters' statements that refer to the philosophical discussion of man's awareness of himself and the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first novelty of this article is an analysis of the animated TV show Arcane (2021--) based on fiction format theory from a narrative perspective. On average, each episode of Arcane: takes place over 22 scenes lasting about two minutes each; features around twenty settings, mostly urban; has roughly four plots that unfold with a high level of continuity; features about four main and twelve secondary characters. The format theory is drawn from possible worlds theory, which makes it possible to delve into the narrative and symbolic value of urban landscapes in the series. This is the article's second contribution: showing how Arcane deals with the clash between the upper city of Piltover and the undercity of Zaun, two worlds defined by their spiritual and operational centres, reflecting different forms of understanding existence, and thus governed by different social orders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, digital technologies and software packages as MATLAB and MATCAD are widely used for modeling and research of control systems. When analyzing and synthesizing the control system, "manual" operations do not allow one to cover fully the systematic approach both from the constructive and computational points of view. The most widely used in practice and at the same time simplest control device is the linear PID controller. However, computer modeling and digital studies of this controller are not at the required level. This paper reveals some features of the functioning of a linear digital PID controller with three settings on a 2nd order object. Considering these assumptions, in the paper, the object modeled in the terms of output and state variables and the known theoretical parameters occurring in the ACS with a PID controller are more adequately confirmed. For the experiments, the Matlab/Simulink system with the "Simulink Response Optimization/Signal Constraint" package was used. In order to facilitate access to the package, some important features of the algorithm for solving the control problem are revealed using a specific example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GeneXpert HBV Viral Load test is a simplified tool to scale up screening and HBV monitoring in resource-limited settings, where HBV is endemic and where molecular techniques to quantify HBV DNA are expensive and scarce. However, the accuracy of field diagnostics compared to gold standard assays in HBV-endemic African countries has not been well understood. We aim to validate the diagnostic performance of the GeneXpert HBV Viral Load test in freshly collected and stored plasma and dried blood spot (DBS) samples to assess turn-around-time (TAT) for sample processing and treatment initiation, to map GeneXpert machines and to determine limitations to its use in The Gambia. Freshly collected paired plasma and DBS samples (n = 56) were analyzed by the GeneXpert test. Similarly, stored plasma and DBS samples (n = 306, n = 91) were analyzed using the GeneXpert HBV test, in-house qPCR and COBAS TaqMan Roche. The correlation between freshly collected plasma and DBS is r = 0.88 with a mean bias of −1.4. The GeneXpert HBV test had the highest quantifiable HBV DNA viremia of 81.4% (n = 249/306), and the lowest was detected by in-house qPCR at 37.9% (n = 116/306) for stored plasma samples. Bland–Altman plots show strong correlation between GeneXpert and COBAS TaqMan and between GeneXpert and in-house qPCR with a mean bias of +0.316 and −1.173 log10 IU/mL, respectively. However, paired stored plasma and DBS samples had a lower mean bias of 1.831 log10 IU/mL, which is almost significant (95% limits of agreement: 0.66–3.001). Patients (n = 3) were enrolled in the study within a TAT of 6 days. The GeneXpert HBV test displayed excellent diagnostic accuracy by detecting HBV viremia in less than 10 IU/mL.

Echo intensity determined by muscle ultrasound has been proposed as an efficient method for the assessment of muscle quality. The influence of changing ultrasound parameter settings on echo intensity values was assessed using a standardized approach. In this repeated measures cross-sectional study, sixteen repeated scans of rectus femoris, gracilis, and rectus abdominis were taken in 21 middle-aged persons with a portable Mindray M7 premium ultrasound machine equipped with a linear 5.0–10.0 MHz transducer. The settings of three parameters were fixed: gain, depth, and frequency. The settings of the following adjustable parameters were changed over their entire range: dynamic range, gray map, line density, persistence, and IClear. Repeated measures analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of changing the settings on echo intensity values. In all three muscles, dynamic range, gray map, and IClear correlated significantly (rrm-values ranging between −0.86 and 0.45) with echo intensity. In all three muscles, the echo intensity values differed significantly across the dynamic range (p < 0.013), gray map (p < 0.003), and IClear (p < 0.003). In middle-aged subjects, echo intensity values of lower limb and trunk muscles are significantly related to ultrasound parameters and significantly differ across their respective setting range. For the assessment of muscle quality through ultrasound, it is suggested to fix parameter settings within their midrange in order to minimize the effect of setting-dependent factors on EI values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify laser settings and limits applied by experts during laser vaporization (vapBT) and laser en-bloc resection of bladder tumors (ERBT) and to identify preventive measures to reduce complications. Methods: After a focused literature search to identify relevant questions, we conducted a survey (57 questions) which was sent to laser experts. The expert selection was based on clinical experience and scientific contribution. Participants were asked for used laser types, typical laser settings during specific scenarios, and preventive measures applied during surgery. Settings for a maximum of 2 different lasers for each scenario were possible. Responses and settings were compared among the reported laser types. Results: Twenty-three of 29 (79.3%) invited experts completed the survey. Thulium fiber laser (TFL) is the most common laser (57%), followed by Holmium:Yttrium–Aluminium-Garnet (Ho:YAG) (48%), continuous wave (cw) Thulium:Yttrium–Aluminium-Garnet (Tm:YAG) (26%), and pulsed Tm:YAG (13%). Experts prefer ERBT (91.3%) to vapBT (8.7%); however, relevant limitations such as tumor size, number, and anatomical tumor location exist. Laser settings were generally comparable; however, we could find significant differences between the laser sources for lateral wall ERBT (p = 0.028) and standard ERBT (p = 0.033), with cwTm:YAG and pulsed Tm:YAG being operated in higher power modes when compared to TFL and Ho:YAG. Experts prefer long pulse modes for Ho:YAG and short pulse modes for TFL lasers. Conclusion: TFL seems to have replaced Ho:YAG and Tm:YAG. Most laser settings do not differ significantly among laser sources. For experts, continuous flow irrigation is the most commonly applied measure to reduce complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify laser lithotripsy settings used by experts for specific clinical scenarios and to identify preventive measures to reduce complications. Methods: After literature research to identify relevant questions, a survey was conducted and sent to laser experts. Participants were asked for preferred laser settings during specific clinical lithotripsy scenarios. Different settings were compared for the reported laser types, and common settings and preventive measures were identified. Results: Twenty-six laser experts fully returned the survey. Holmium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) was the primary laser used (88%), followed by thulium fiber laser (TFL) (42%) and pulsed thulium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Tm:YAG) (23%). For most scenarios, we could not identify relevant differences among laser settings. However, the laser power was significantly different for middle-ureteral (p = 0.027), pelvic (p = 0.047), and lower pole stone (p = 0.018) lithotripsy. Fragmentation or a combined fragmentation with dusting was more common for Ho:YAG and pulsed Tm:YAG lasers, whereas dusting or a combination of dusting and fragmentation was more common for TFL lasers. Experts prefer long pulse modes for Ho:YAG lasers to short pulse modes for TFL lasers. Thermal injury due to temperature development during lithotripsy is seriously considered by experts, with preventive measures applied routinely. Conclusions: Laser settings do not vary significantly between commonly used lasers for lithotripsy. Lithotripsy techniques and settings mainly depend on the generated laser pulse’s and generator settings’ physical characteristics. Preventive measures such as maximum power limits, intermittent laser activation, and ureteral access sheaths are commonly used by experts to decrease thermal injury-caused complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018, in response to increasingly oppressive and widespread federal immigration enforcement actions in the United States (U.S.) and around the globe - including family separation, immigration raids, detention, deportation of people who have lived in the country for much of their lives - the Society for Community Research & Action produced a statement on the effects of deportation and forced separation on immigrants, their families, and communities (SCRA, 2018). The statement focused exclusively on the impacts of deportation and forced family separation, documenting the damage done by oppressive U.S. policies and practices. We felt it was imperative to document this harm, and yet were uncomfortable producing a narrow paper that focused solely on harm. There are multiple ways immigrants and their allies resist deportation and other forms of oppression. This resistance is done individually, collectively, and in settings that vary in size and scope, including community-based, faith-based, direct care, and educational settings, as well as entire municipalities and transnational organizing settings. Settings facilitate resistance in many ways, focusing on those who are oppressed, their oppressors, and systems of oppression. In this statement, we describe the unique and overlapping ways in which settings facilitate resistance. We situate this review of the scientific and practice literature in the frameworks of change through social settings, empowering settings, healing justice, and decolonization. We also document recommendations for continued resistance.

Central Bank Digital Currencies or CBDC have attracted increasing attention worldwide. Discussions take place chiefly at the institutional central bank level, and among financial and monetary economists, but now are moving into legal and political spaces. Meanwhile, Bank Indonesia or BI, the Indonesian central bank, has been an active proponent of a digital Rupiah for several years, seemingly focused on payment system improvements, problematic to the extent on-going digitalisation of the economy is not purely a payment system exercise. The Indonesian Parliament or DPR recently authorised in Law No. 4/2023 BI’s creation and management of a digital Rupiah, but open issues remain: (1) the DPR’s emphasis in its guidelines for the digital Rupiah contemplates currently only a domestic rather than crossborder digital Rupiah; (2) the DPR seemingly contemplated broader financial inclusion and more equitable development as a practical matter, while BI’s prior proposals seemed more focused on efficiency and banking sector; and (3) domestic CBDC’s introduction probably constitutes a dress rehearsal for an eventual international CBDC, so a planning function lies hidden. Digital Rupiah’s implementation presumably lies 12 to 24 months ahead, taking place under a new Indonesian President to be elected in 2024, implying new senior financial sector regulators as well. The best legal approach would be for BI to manage the digital Rupiah through external clearing and settlement institutions, and there are numerous international economic law complications in the hidden planning exercise if domestic is to become international digital Rupiah over time. Developing versus developed country CBDC concerns are simply different.

With the Institute of Health Promotion and Education turning 60, it is timely to reflect on health promotion's journey. While health promotion can celebrate many advances, much remains to be done. This paper considers the enormous challenges we face and how we might move forward by working not only within, but beyond, the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter: engaging creatively with the opportunities offered by the changing contexts in which we operate, for example in relation to integrated care systems and place-based partnerships; learning from our experience of COVID-19 to ensure joined-up whole system responses that nurture the transformative change necessary to 'build back better' for a sustainable and healthy future; and advocating a new economic vision and model that rejects economic growth as an end in itself and refutes the assumption that such growth will automatically result in improved population and planetary health. Health promotion is inherently political. Reflecting on the UK's current situation – with spiralling child, food and fuel poverty, flatlined/reduced life expectancy, increased inequalities, and the ongoing failure of government to take on powerful vested interests through legislative, regulatory and fiscal measures – we face a crisis. However, a crisis represents not only danger, but also a potential turning point. This should motivate the health promotion workforce to harness and channel its righteous anger; and give space for active hope that we – as citizens, professionals and members of families and communities – can envision, advocate and fight to secure the wellbeing of people, places and the planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify expert laser settings for BPH treatment and evaluate the application of preventive measures to reduce complications. Methods: A survey was conducted after narrative literature research to identify relevant questions regarding laser use for BPH treatment (59 questions). Experts were asked for laser settings during specific clinical scenarios. Settings were compared for the reported laser types, and common settings and preventive measures were identified. Results: Twenty-two experts completed the survey with a mean filling time of 12.9 min. Ho:YAG, Thulium fiber laser (TFL), continuous wave (cw) Tm:YAG, pulsed Tm:YAG and Greenlight™ lasers are used by 73% (16/22), 50% (11/22), 23% (5/22), 13.6% (3/22) and 9.1% (2/22) of experts, respectively. All experts use anatomical enucleation of the prostate (EEP), preferentially in one- or two-lobe technique. Laser settings differ significantly between laser types, with median laser power for apical/main gland EEP of 75/94 W, 60/60 W, 100/100 W, 100/100 W, and 80/80 W for Ho:YAG, TFL, cwTm:YAG, pulsed Tm:YAG and Greenlight™ lasers, respectively (p = 0.02 and p = 0.005). However, power settings within the same laser source are similar. Pulse shapes for main gland EEP significantly differ between lasers with long and pulse shape modified (e.g., Moses, Virtual Basket) modes preferred for Ho:YAG and short pulse modes for TFL (p = 0.031). Conclusion: Ho:YAG lasers no longer seem to be the mainstay of EEP. TFL lasers are generally used in pulsed mode though clinical applicability for quasi-continuous settings has recently been demonstrated. One and two-lobe techniques are beneficial regarding operative time and are used by most experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cognitive and social practices associated with critical health literacy, such as critical appraisal of health messages and participation in political processes to address wider determinants of health, are of lifelong benefit. Understanding how and where critical health literacy development can be supported early in the life course may improve health outcomes now and in the future. This scoping review focuses on how critical health literacy in children is conceptualized and the supportive environments available for its development. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines are used in reporting. Evidence retrieved was eligible for inclusion if it contained a substantive conceptual or empirical study of critical health literacy in populations aged 7–11 (middle childhood). From the included 18 peer-reviewed and grey literature sources, schools are identified as the setting most associated with the development of critical health literacy in the target age group. However, the action-oriented dimension of critical health literacy is rarely supported in the school setting. The review concludes that further research is needed to clarify how and where to support children to develop critical health literacy in and outside of school settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of renewable energy sources (RES) together with energy storage systems (ESS) changes processes in electric power systems (EPS) significantly. Specifically, rate of change and the lowest values of operating conditions during the emergencies are got influenced. Such changes can cause incorrect actions of relay protection (RP) as it was designed and adjusted with no regard for influence of RES and ESS. Detailed research on processes during the different normal and abnormal modes in both EPS and primary transducers and also in RP devices should be done to take preventive actions. To do this research mathematical modeling based on detailed and authentic models of all elements including RP should be used. HRTSim (which was developed by authors) software for simulating EPS provides the opportunity to create such models of EPS of any size without simplifications and limits. Using of this instrument together with detailed mathematical models of RP which were developed before provided the opportunity to investigate them rigorously in RES-integrated EPS. Settings providing adequate action of RP in certain conditions were performed as a result of this investigation. Fragments of these investigations are performed in this paper. Results of these investigations would be useful for designing new methods and tools of RP adjustment. General structure of a grid-connected combined renewable energy system with a hydrogen storage system. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the adoption and implementation process in early efforts to implement ecological ("outer layer") sexual violence (SV) prevention strategies. Interviews with 28 preventionists from 26 local sites within a large, midwestern state, were conducted to examine individual preventionists' problem definitions of SV and ecological factors surrounding implementation. Findings suggest that SV prevention in the state is primarily implemented at the individual‐level; when preventionists described engaging in or anticipating outer layer interventions, they were often tertiary (i.e., responding after perpetration; e.g., Sexual Assault Response Teams). A majority expressed problem definitions rooted within the individual (e.g., perpetration due to a lack of consent education), and a majority of implemented efforts matched this individual‐level conceptualization. Yet, contradictions between problem definitions (e.g., SV stemming from oppression) and implemented activities (e.g., single‐session educational interventions) emerged. Such contradictions may be best understood in light of contextual implementation influences: diverse preventionist job responsibilities, less training/support for outer layer prevention, preventionist autonomy, leadership messaging, time requirements, partner reticence, and extensive work with schools. Inner layer influences, including identification with job roles, preference for, and a sense of urgency toward inner layer work, appeared to interact with contextual factors. Implications across community psychology domains are discussed. Highlights: Sexual violence (SV) prevention can be at approached inner (e.g., increasing personal knowledge) and outer layers (e.g., addressing inequities).A focus on outer layer prevention efforts requires a shift for some SV preventionists.Preventionists often paired inner layer SV understandings with implemented inner layer prevention.Contradictions emerged when outer layer understandings were paired with inner layer prevention implementation.Moving to ecologically informed prevention requires attention to the ecology of prevention work itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background This study presents an intervention designed to foster the implementation of health promotion programs within District Municipality Community Centers (DMCCs) in Jerusalem, and the creation of a peer network of healthy settings with a shared aspiration of collaborating and implementing health-promoting policies at the community level. We also present the evaluation strategy, based on the EQUIHP and RE-AIM frameworks. Methods Twenty DMCCs completed our program. This evaluation research involved a comprehensive seminar during the first year for DMCCs coordinators, teaching them the principles of health promotion. An educational kit was distributed during the second year. The evaluation strategy included a process evaluation and annual evaluations based on the EQUIHP and RE-AIM frameworks. The EQUIHP tool was divided into four dimensions of evaluation: 1) Framework of health promotion principles, 2) Project development and implementation, 3) Project management, and 4) Sustainability; while the RE-AIM domains included: 1)Reach, 2)Effectiveness, 3)Adoption, 4)Implementation and 5)Maintenance. Results The program led to high responsiveness among DMCCs and to the implementation of diverse health promotion initiatives, with a participation of approximately 29,191 residents. The EQUIHP evaluation showed an improvement in program quality in Year 2. The final RE-AIM evaluation presented a total median score of 0.61 for all domains, where 0 was non-performance and 1.0 was full performance. The ‘Framework of health promotion principles’ and ‘Reach’ components received the highest median score (0.83, 1.0 and 0.87), while the ‘Sustainability and ‘Maintenance’ components received the lowest (0.5). Conclusions This innovative program adapts the Healthy Cities approach (initiated by the World Health Organization in 1986) to the development of community center health-promoting settings within the larger municipal framework, training local community center staff members to assess and address local health concerns and build community capacity. The local focus and efforts may help community actors to create health promotion programs more likely to be adopted, feasible in the ‘real-world’ and able to produce public health impact in the communities where people live. Moreover, collaboration and cooperation among DMCCs may lead to a broader community health vision, forging coalitions that can advocate more powerfully for health promotion. Trial registration NIH trial registration number: NCT04470960. Retrospectively registered on: 14/07/2020.

Despite the fast growth of solo female travelling market, the travelling experience of solo female travellers is still lack of in-depth research. The heterogeneity of museum visitors also makes solo female visitors worthy of more discussion. Based on qualitative data collected through interviews and online travel blogs, and taking the four elements of social practice theory as theoretical framework, this study concluded that settings including the intangible assets and spatial functions of museums, constituted the basis of other elements, while the others (materials, competences and meanings) made up the practice of solo female visitors in museums. Meanings mainly included knowledge construction, social connection, and self-construction, which were linked with competences that solo female visitors obtained and also had an impact on their daily life. Practical suggestions on museum management were provided according to the element of materials, which was reflected in online and offline exhibition spaces, cultural and creative products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to explore the role of different instructional settings at a graduate level across a semester. The focus was on identifying the impact of different instructional settings and the influence of these classroom settings on learners' EFL development. This study also aims to highlight the symmetrical relationship between different instructional settings exposed to the students. In addition, a reflection of the students was also investigated. To measure differences in foreign language classes through online, face-to-face, and blended studies, 60 EFL learners were randomly selected to participate in the current study. Data were collected from 60 students assigned under three instructional groups of three different classroom settings. Data sources included online discussion transcripts, post-discussion surveys of students' engagement in different class environments, and final self-reflective essays in which students described their experiences of the different class environments. Data analysis was inductive, interpretive, and qualitative, aimed at identifying the impact and to minimize the suitability of online, F to F and blended settings exposed by three instructors in each class session. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean number of comments posted by students and mean ratings of student engagement immediately following class sessions. Results showed that the blended and F to F sessions influenced the learning was more subtle than has online been assumed. The students who participated in face-to-face and blended classes stated a high level of EFL proficiency compared to their online group, which was significant compared to their online counterparts. However, through face-to-face and blended learning, the students achieved considerable EFL competency and proficiency. In many ways, F2F and blended settings have almost similar impact on students' development and the teachers' feedbacks were similar to their students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Background: The pulse width (PW) parameter in sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is understudied, with no evidence‐based guidance available on optimal PW for urinary indications. The aim of this prospective, randomized, single‐blinded, 3 × 3 cross over design study was to estimate the effect of two PW settings (60 µs, 420 µs) compared to the industry standard (210 µs) on SNM efficacy, quality of life, and device parameters in patients who were stable and satisfied with their SNM treatment. Methods/Materials: Eligible patients were previously implanted and had urge incontinence or urgency‐frequency with satisfaction on SNM at time of enrollment. Patients completed a 3‐day voiding diary, validated questionnaires, and device interrogations with sensory threshold assessment at baseline and after a 4‐week period on each of the three PW settings, to which they were randomized. Eighteen participants completed the study, as called for by power analysis. Results: Eighteen patients were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 68 years and implant duration at the time of participation was 4.4 years. While PW variations did not produce significant differences in overall objective outcomes, device parameters, including sensory threshold amplitude and battery life differed significantly. Shortened PW necessitated higher amplitude while conserving battery life. Stimulus sensation location, quality, and intensity did not differ between PW. Standard PW was chosen by 11 patients after the study, 5 chose extended, and 2 chose shortened. Those who chose alternative PW achieved significant reductions in urinary frequency from enrollment −2.23 voids/day (p = 0.015). Upon sub‐analysis, patients reporting "much better" or "very much better" on extended PW achieved significant reductions in urinary frequency and nocturia at 5.6 and 0.4, compared to 8.5 and 2.16 at baseline (p = 0.005, p = <0.001). Whereas those reporting "much better" or "very much better" on shortened PW achieved significant reductions in urinary frequency at 5.15 compared to 7.35 (p = 0.026). There were no adverse events or complications. Conclusions: Overall SNM effectiveness was unchanged with alternative PW; however, 39% of patients preferred alternative to standard PW and achieved significant improvements in urinary symptoms with such. Shorter PW can also provide savings in estimated battery life without sacrificing therapeutic efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wetland policy perspective based on social ecological systems accepts that wetlands are part of landwaterscapes, that people are part of wetland ecosystems, and that the health of wetlands and the health of people are interdependent, evidence of the close, reciprocal and indivisible relationships between nature and culture. These relationships are storied and place-based, associated with place attachment, and are representations of relational values. They are most easily located wherever and whenever Indigenous and local peoples' knowledge and interests are at play in wetland settings. Legal and administrative processes that recognise Chthonic law and rights for wetlands will elevate relational values and provide the governance arrangements for their inclusion in wetland (and other ecosystem) management. Co-designing with Indigenous and local communities in developing wetland policies and operationalising practices will allow for wetland stories to be shared, respectfully cared for, and built into educational curricula and ecosystem valuation models. (Warning: this article contains the name of deceased Aboriginal person.) Wetlands need to be considered in their landscape context, in context of relationships that people have with them, and how societies are organised around them. This perspective highlights relational values of wetlands, most often expressed by Indigenous and local communities, where attachments to places yield understandings and responsibilities for policy. (Warning: this article contains the name of deceased Aboriginal person.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration and inclusion are terms we use nowadays in education. Beyond what is stated in curricula and syllabuses, and what the media sells us, we can ask ourselves, do we really know what it means and what it entails? This article is the product of a research study in the primary education field, where teachers are the main source of information, using qualitative methodology in its broadest sense of research that produces descriptive data. This is described as the study of people based on what people say and do in the social and cultural scenario. With this enquiry, the main objective is to find out how much is known about inclusive education and the learning needs of learners, what reasonable accommodations are described in planning or assessment indicators. And, whether teachers do or do not do them, or simply use the terms, but do not do or do not carry out the guidelines set out in their planning. Whether they really know what are the BAPs (Barriers to Learning and Participation) that their students face. This being the watershed of the famous so-called inclusive education, this is described as the process of addressing and responding to the diversity of needs of all learners through inclusive educational practices. However, despite advances in science, changes in educational models, ways of thinking and changes in curricula, throughout this research we realise that many teachers continue with long-standing archaic attitudes and refuse to make changes. They continue to carry out a disproportionate and inadequate load of activities that are not meaningful and do not guarantee significant learning for the learner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the advancement of visualization technologies--virtual-reality, augmented-reality, mixedreality, and extended reality--has long produced opportunities to create more realistic simulated environments to provoke and study natural human behavior, recent interest in applying 360° panoramic visualizations has been increasing across several disciplines due to these technologies' lower costs, higher presence, and greater immersive-ness. However, the variety of applications of 360° panoramas (both images and videos) is limited in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) domain compared to other domains. This paper systematically presents an in-depth understanding of 360° panorama research trends and reveals the challenges and opportunities for future research in the AEC area. In particular, this systematic review analyzed eighty studies across two decades (2000-2022) to consider 360° panoramas' application areas, methodologies, potential benefits, challenges, best practices, and future research directions for both AEC and non-AEC domains. Several prevalent application domains in AEC--namely architectural studies, construction education and training, construction visualization and progress monitoring, and cognitive analysis and human behavior in the construction industry--were identified. This paper indicates that 360° panoramas provide a higher sense of presence than conventional simulation methods (e.g., virtual reality). Moreover, pairing 360° panorama technologies with a head-mounted display significantly increases immersion when compared with other display options. Lastly, limitations of 360° panoramas, such as cybersickness and technical properties, are discussed. This paper is expected to shed light on the potential of these state-of-the-art technologies in the AEC domain, which can serve both academia and industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]