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BACKGROUND Regular self-administered exercise after stroke can improve upper limb function. For proper self-administered exercise, an appropriate guide is required to match the exercise level to the patient’s upper limb disability. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a mobile health application to support self-administered graded upper limb exercises for patients with hemiplegia using deep learning model. METHODS To develop a patient-centered, solution-based mobile application for upper extremity exercises for hemiplegia, we used a 5-step design thinking process. The exercise programs in the application were safe and easy to follow in the sitting position. A deep learning model was proposed to automatically evaluate the patients’ upper limb function for recommendation of exercise according to each patient’s disability. The model captured videos of patients reaching and grasping objects on a table as input and predicted the exercise level. Potential end-users, including patients, therapists, and physicians, evaluated the prototype and provided feedback for the usability and quality of the application using a mobile application rating scale. RESULTS A total of six features, my information, evaluation section, daily exercise, list of exercises, my current exercise status, and notification, were incorporated into the mobile application. The application consisted of 58 exercises categorized as postural and balance, range of motion, strengthening, and task-oriented training exercises with three levels of difficulty. A deep-learning-based model was proposed for automated upper limb function evaluation. The overall accuracy of classification of exercised level was 84.58% and inference time was 9~10 seconds. CONCLUSIONS We successfully developed a mobile application to support self-administered graded upper limb exercises for patients with hemiplegia based on individual ability, including automatic evaluation using a deep learning model.

Phthalocyanine (Pc) derivatives and hyperbranched poly(amidoamine) (HPAMAM) were synthesized and then modified with maleimide groups. They were then coupled to a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) membrane modified with furan groups through a Diels-Alder (DA) reaction. In this multi-functional PTFE membrane, Pc fluorescence was quenched by heavy-metal-ions, while HPAMAM adsorbed them to prevent leakage. In addition, HPAMAM hydrophilicity improved water permeability through the membrane. Thermally reversible DA bonding between furan and maleimide groups also allows selective regeneration and replacement of the functional materials on the membrane. Modification and functionality of the membrane were characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The analyses revealed a renewable, multi-functional membrane that detected and eliminated heavy metal ions.

4,4’-Diglycidyloxy-α-methylstilbene (DOMS) was synthesized and characterized with cross-polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Activation energies for decomposition (Ed) by TGA were determined as a function of conversion by weight loss process.

2,3-dicyanopyrazine and metallophthalocyanines were synthesized with magnesium containing (±)camphorquinone substituent. 2,3-dicyanopyrazine was prepared by condensation reaction of diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN) with 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dione (1). The tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine was characterized by a combination of UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared radiation, elemental analysis, MALDI-TOF-MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy.

Because of the development of modern medical science and increased longevity of elderly due to better health care: we are facing a new growing generation of "silver" senior citizens. In near future we will see a slow increase in senior spare time activities in our society. In this study the types of the spare time activities are researched and analyzed. Over the age of 60 most seniors spend ample time watching television and sleeping. Amazingly, in the second age group, seniors aged forty to fifty, when shown to the wonders of internet and cyber technology tend to accept and desire it. It is expected be seen this trend will increase. Secondly, in the case that seniors in their forties and fifties are entering into the silver generation, we can expect more promising multimedia content developed for the elderly.

Aggregation is usually depicted as a coplanar association of rings progressing from monomer to dimer and higher order complexes. Tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine macrocycles tend towards higher aggregation compared to phthalocyanine molecules. 1 These problems are usually solved through introduction of optimal substituents onto the periphery of the tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine core that suppress the aggregation, which resulted in various applications such as chemical sensor, 2 catalyst, 3 etc. 2,3-Dicyanopyrazines for tetramerization (tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines) are usually built up through condensation of α-diketones and diaminomaleonitrile, enabling peripheral substitutions typically not available for phthalocyanines. 4 We have studied the syntheses of functional dye materials based on 2,3-dicyanopyrazine chromophores, and correlated their physical properties with structure. 5 In this paper, We designed and synthesized metal and metal-free tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines derived from 2,3-dicyanopyrazine derivatives. The 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)ethan-1,2dione was synthesized by a method described in the literature. 6 Using L-proline as a promoter, the coupling of 1-(4bromophenyl)-2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)ethan-1,2-dione with morpholine (1.5 eq) in DMSO gave 1-(4-morpolinophenyl)2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)ethan-1,2-dione in 56% yield. The tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine precursor (2) was synthesized from reaction of the unsymmetrical a-diketone (1) and 2,3diaminomaleonitrile. 7 Tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine magnesium complexes were synthesized from 2,3-dicyanopyrazine derivatives (2) using freshly prepared solutions of magnesium butoxide in nbutanol. 8 The corresponding metal-free derivatives were obtained by treatment with p-toluenesulfonic acid. Copper complexes were successfully synthesized using excess cuprous chloride and DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-7-undecene) as a catalyst in o-dichlorobenzene at reflux. The synthetic route of this work is summarized in Scheme 1. The ground state electronic spectra of the metal complexes showed characteristic absorption in the Q-band region at 665 nm for 3 and 669 nm for 4. 9 The metal-free phthalocyanine

Tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine magnesium complexes were synthesized from 2,3-dicyano-5-(4-alkylphenyl)-6-(4-morpholinophenyl)pyrazine derivatives using freshly prepared solutions of magnesium butoxide in n-butanol. The corresponding metal-free derivatives were obtained by treatment with p-toluenesulfonic acid. Copper complexes were successfully synthesized using excess cuprous chloride and DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-7-undecene) as a catalyst in o-dichlorobenzene under reflux. The tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-visible spectra, IR, MALDI-TOF Ms and 1H-NMR spectra.