Search

The interest in organic livestock and products produced from animals has increased considerably in recent years; Studies on this subject have been concentrated. In this review, organic and ecological production of chicken meat and eggs: review of legislative harmony between the EU and the Republic of Serbia., Organik hayvancılık ve hayvanlardan üretilen ürünlere olan ilgi son yıllarda oldukça artış göstermiş olup; bu konu ile ilgili çalışmalar yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu derlemede tavuk eti ve yumurtalarının organik ve ekolojik üretimi: AB ile Sırbistan Cumhuriyeti arasındaki mevzuat uyumunun gözden geçirilmesi üzerinde durulmuştur.

Increased risk of pancreatic cancer may be associated with consumption of sugar containing foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of peach nectar containing high fructose corn sirup (HFCS) consumption in a pancreatic carcinogenesis rat model induced by 7,12-Dimethyl benzanthracene (DMBA). Fifty-day-old male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with peach nectar containing HFCS + chow, peach nectar containing sucrose + chow and only chow. After 8 mo, feeding period, each group was divided into two subgroups, in which the rats were implanted with DMBA and no DMBA (sham). Histologic specimens were evaluated according to the routine tissue processing protocol. The animals withad libitumaccess to pn-HFCS, pn-sucrose and chow (only) showed significant differences in chow consumption and glucose level. Necropsy and histopathologic findings showed tumor formation in the entire group treated with DMBA. Excluding one rat in chow group, which was classified as poorly differentiated type, the others were classified as moderately differentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study demonstrated that daily intake of HFCS did not increase body weight and there was no effect of peach nectar consumption on the development of PDAC induced by DMBA in rats.

Bu çalışmada, farklı yer bademi çeşitlerinin (Sarı şeker, İntrodüksiyon 1, Bal yumru) besin madde değerlerinin ve koçlardasindirilebilirliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Farklı yer bademi çeşitlerinin ortalama gaz üretimi, 96 saatlik inkübasyondansonra in vitro gaz üretim kinetiği ve in vitro inkübasyon süreleri belirlenmiştir. Yetiştirilen farklı yer bademi çeşitlerinin in vitro gazüretim tekniği kullanılarak a, b, c, a + b'nin pearson korelasyon katsayıları ve pearson korelasyon katsayıları bulunmuştur.Çalışmada farklı yer bademi çeşitlerinin değişik zamanlardaki ortalama gaz üretimleri sadece 3. saatte önemli bulunmuş; 96 saatlikinkübasyondan sonraki in vitro gaz üretim kinetikleri, çeşitler arasında farklılık yaratmamış; in vitro inkübasyon zamanları ilepearson korelasyon katsayıları arasındaki ilişki önemli tespit edilmiştir. Yer bademi çeşitlerinin ortalama ham proteini (HP) %4.39;kuru maddesi (KM) %94.08; ham yağı (HY) %24.85; ham külü (HK) %2.53; asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (ADF) %15.04, nötrdeterjanda çözünmeyen lif (NDF) %24.03; lif olmayan karbonhidrat (LOK) %44.20 olarak bulunmuştur. Yer bademi çeşitlerininortalama toplam sindirilebilir besin maddesi %72.78; metabolik enerjisi 2.63 Mcal/kg KM, sindirilebilir enerjisi 3.21 Mcal/kg KMve de net enerji laktasyon değeri 1.66 Mcal/kg KM olarak tespit edilmiştir.&nbsp, In this study, it was aimed to determine the nutritive values and digestibility (in ram) of different tiger nut varieties(Sarı şeker, İntrodüksiyon 1, Bal yumru). The average gas production at different times of tiger nut varieties, the in vitro gasproduction kinetics after 96 hours of incubation and the in vitro incubation times were determined. Pearson correlation coefficientsand pearson correlation coefficients of a, b, c, a + b of different tiger nut varieties by using in vitro gas production technique werefound. The tiger nut varieties used in the study are Sarı şeker, İntrodüksiyon 1 and Bal yumru. In the study, average gas production oftiger nut varieties at different times was found important only at 3rd hour; in vitro gas production kinetics after 96 hours of incubationdid not differ between cultivars; the relationship between in vitro incubation times and pearson correlation coefficients was determinedsignificantly. The average crude protein, dry matter, ether extract, crude ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) of the tiger nut varieties were found 4.39; 94.08; 24.85; 2.53; 24.03; 15.04; 44.20%. Inthis study, average total digestibility nutrients, digestible energy, metabolizable energy and net energy lactation of tiger nut varietieswere found as 72.78%, 3.21 Mcal/kg DM, 2.63 Mcal/kg DM and 1.66 Mcal/kg DM.&nbsp

An 11-year-old, male, crossbreed cat was presented for a subcutaneous mass affecting the prescapular region extending to the thoracic vertebrae. The diagnosis of fibrosarcoma was made according to the histopathological examination of the biopsy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to determine the presence of aluminium in the tumor tissue. The owner did not accept further treatment, so the cat died 1 month after diagnosis. This is the first case report from Turkey which diagnoses verified by SEM and has shown that aluminium-containing vaccines may be associated with fibrosarcoma formation. Awareness of the side effects of adjuvants is still not enough level. Determining the frequency of VAS in fibrosarcoma cases will contribute to the increase of life span/survival by protective measures. The aim of this case report is to draw attention to the adjuvant contents of the vaccines and to scrutinize the relationship between vaccine applications and tumor development.

Bir Simental inekte rektal fibromatozis Özet: Bu olayda 4 yaşlı Simental ırkı inekte rektum bölgesinde gözlenen çok sayıdaki tümöral kitlelerden dolayı rektal muayeneyi zorlaştıran ve operasyonuna karar verilen fibromatozis olgusunun klinik ve patolojik yönden incelenmesi amaçlandı. Hayvanda doğumu izleyen dönemde rektal muayene yapılmak istendiğinde rektum çevresinde zamanla sayı ve hacimleri artan kitleler gözlendi. En büyüğü 6,5 cm çapında yuvarlak ve 4x3x1,4cm büyüklüğünde oval, çeşitli büyüklükte 14 adet katı esnek kıvamda, beyaz renkli kitlelere rastlandı. Kitlelerin bazıları deri ve çoğunlukla mukoza ile kaplı olduğu dikkati çekti. %10’luk tamponlu formaldehit ile tespit edilerek parafine gömülen ve 5 µm kalınlığında kesitler alınan dokular, Hematoksilen-Eosin (H-E) ve Van Gieson ile ayrıca immunohistokimyasal (İHK) olarak sitokeratin ve vimentin ile boyandı. H-E kesitli dokulardaki tümöral kitlenin tipik anafor tarzında yerleşmiş fibroblast ve fibrositlerden oluştuğu, yapılan İHK boyamada ise vimentin pozitif ve sitokeratin negatif olarak gözlendi. Bu olgudaki gözlenen makroskobik, mikroskobik ve İHK’sal bulgular kaudal rektumda fibromatozis olgusu ile uyumlu bulunmuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: İnek, rektum, fibromaRectal fibromatosis in a Simmental cow.Abstract:In this case, it was aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological aspects of fibromatosis which make difficult rectal examination due to multiple tumoral masses observed in a 4-year-old Simmental–breed at rectum. Period of after the birth, the masses were seen around the rectal area of the cow when rectal examination was carried out. The number and volume of masses increased with time.The shapes of masses were round and oval and the largest size were 6.5 cm in diameter and 4 x 3 x 1.4 cm respectively. Totally 14 masses, covered with skin and mucosal membrane were found. Cut surface were whitish colored and solid-flexible in consistency. The tissues were fixed with 10% buffered formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin and sections with a thickness of 5 μm were stained with hematoxylen-eosin (H&E) and Van Gieson and immunohistochemical (IHC) with cytokeratin and vimentin.Tumor tissue in H&E sections consisted of fibroblasts and fibrocytes located in the typical herringbonepattern. Tumoral cells were vimentin-positive and cytokeratin-negative in IHC staining.Macroscopic, microscopic and IHC findings, in this case, were found to be consistent with the presence of fibromatosis in the caudal rectum.Key words: Cow, rectum, fibroma

The rainbow trout production increased more than 100% in the last decade and total rainbow trout production was shown as 107.013 tonsaccording to 2016 statics. According to Federation of European Aquaculture Producer, Turkey was determined as the biggest rainbow troutproducer into the European Countries in 2016. Together with high production capacity, a number of outbreaks were reported causing L.anguillarum (Vibriosis). The pathogenesis of L. anguillarum which were experimentally infected in rainbow trout were examined during 15days in our study. Spreading of agent that was injected with intraperitoneally into tissue and organs were studied by using histopathologicalmethods. The mortality rate of agent was determined above 70% and deaths were seen in 2-3th days of experiment. In addition of these, liver,spleen, kidney and gills were determined as the most affected organs and tissues. In the present study was obtain for original pathologicalfindings of L. anguillarum.

Spirulina platensis which is an important microalgae is interested in both human and animal nutrition for health balance. This study’s aimed to evaluate the dose dependent effects of S.platensis on body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist/height ratio (WHtR), abdominal fat weight, liver weight, serum liver enzymes and liver histopathology. 30 male Wistar albino rats’re used in groups; Control, SP-1(500mg/kgbw) and SP-2(1000mg/kgbw). S.platensis was administered by oral gavage daily. The body weight, height, WC, BMI, WHtR and abdominal lipid weight were calculated. Also, serum cholesterol, ALT and AST were measured. End of the study, liver tissue samples were taken and scaled and histopathologic changes were recorded. There were no differences in body conditions, but positively significant correlations were found among parameters. As the doses were considered, in groupSP-1, significant positively correlations were determined among abdominal fat, growth, height, BMI and WC statistically. Nevertheless, there were no significant changes in liver weight, serum and histopathologic analyzes. S.platensis with its high concentration of functional nutrients is called as an important alternative therapeutic food and it can be used safely.

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is one of the most used sweeteners in the food industry. Health concerns regarding the consumption of HFCS-containing foods have developed in parallel with the increasing amount of people who become overweight. This study was conducted to investigate whether HFCS-containing peach nectar (pn-HFCS) consumption has more detrimental effects on anthropometrical and biochemical parameters compared with sucrose-containing peach nectar (pn-sucrose). Fifty-day-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups and were fed (A) pn-HFCS + ad libitum chow, (B) pn-sucrose + ad libitum chow and (C) only ad libitum chow for 7 months. The percentage change in body weight (PCBW), body mass index (BMI), and Lee index were calculated, and serum triglyceride, glucose, insulin and leptin concentrations were measured. The PCBW, BMI, Lee index, serum triglyceride, glucose, insulin and leptin concentrations were insignificant among the three groups. We can suggest that peach nectar consumption resulted in more energy intake than the control and since pn-HFCS group consumed more chow than the pn-sucrose group. The results show that long term daily HFCS or sucrose consumption in peach nectar is not associated with weight gain and does not stimulate metabolic changes in Sprague Dawley rats.

CDP-choline is an endogen molecule and also a drug that is used in several trauma and ischemic conditions. It has been demonstrated that it improves the hemodynamic parameters in different shock models and prevents tissue damage in rats. The current study tested the effect of CDP-choline on hypotension, inflammation and tissue injury induced by septic shock model in rats. Twenty-four adult, male Spraque-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g were used. Septic shock was induced by cecal ligation-incision (CLI). CDP-choline (100 mg/kg) injected intravenously (i.v.) at the 180th minute of the experiment. The animals were observed for 180 minutes after the injection, then blood and tissue samples were obtained for cytokine measurements and histological examinations, respectively. The cecal ligation-incision decreased arterial pressure and increased heart rate. Intravenous injection of CDP-choline reversed hypotension and increased arterial pressure up to control levels within the first 60 minutes without changing the increase in heart rate. The effect lasted for 3 hours. CDP-choline attenuated the increases in TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in septic shock. Moreover, the drug exerted protective effects for the injury induced by septic shock in lungs, liver and kidney tissues; whereas this effect was not present on spleen. In conclusion, the present data suggested that intravenous CDP-choline administration can improve the deteriorations in hemodynamic and inflammatory parameters and can prevent the tissue injury in septic shock-induced by CLI in rats, CDP-kolin, endojen bir molekül olmasının yanısıra travma ve iskemik koşullarda da kullanılan bir ilaçtır. Değişik şok modellerinde, sıçanlarda hemodinamik parametreleri iyileştirdiği ve doku hasarına karşı koruyucu etki gösterdiği ortaya konmuştur. Bu çalışmada, CDP-kolin’in sıçanlarda septik şokun neden olduğu hipotansiyon, inflamasyon ve doku hasarı üzerine olan etkileri incelendi. Deneylerde, ağırlıkları 250-300 g arasında değiş en 24 adet Spraque-Dawley ırkı erkek sıçan kullanıldı. Septik şok modeli oluşturmak için çekal bağlama-kesme yöntemi uygulandı. CDP-kolin (100 mg/kg), deneyin 180. dakikasında intravenöz (i.v.) olarak uygulandı. Hayvanlar enjeksiyon sonrası 180 dakika daha gözlendikten sonra sitokin ölçümleri ve histolojik incelemeler için sırasıyla kan ve doku örnekleri toplandı. Çekal bağlama-kesme kan basıncını azaltırken kalp atım sayısını artırdı. İntravenöz CDP-kolin uygulaması hipotansiyonu düzeltti ve arteryel basıncı ilk 60 dakika içerisinde, kalp hızındaki yüksekliği değiştirmeden, kontrol düzeylerine kadar artırdı. Etki 3 saat kadar sürdü. CDP-kolin, septik şoktaki TNF-α, IL-1β ve IL-6 düzeylerindeki yükselmeleri de azalttı. Bu etkilere ek olarak ilaç; akciğer, karaciğer ve böbreklerde (ancak dalakta değil) septik şokun sebep olduğu hasara karşı koruyucu etki gösterdi. Sonuç olarak mevcut veriler intravenöz CDP-kolin uygulamasının; çekal bağlama-kesme ile oluşturulan septik şokun neden olduğu hemodinamik ve inflamatuar parametrelerdeki bozukluklarda iyileşmeye ve meydana gelen doku hasarına karşı koruyucu olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır

A 2-year-old, female Persian cat was presented with a history of distocia. In her first pregnancy, she had whelped four kittens and had eaten all of them right after parturition. She had mated again with the same tomcat. Well-developed foetuses with weak foetal heart beats were observed in the ultrasonographic examination. En block ovariohysterectomy was performed. Three live and mature foetuses were obtained from the uterus; two of them were female foetuses and had no anatomical problem but the third one exhibiting multiple malformations was a male and diagnosed as 'schistosoma reflexum' (SR). The vertebral column deviated markedly to the right (scoliosis) at thoracolumbar region, and the middle lumbar and the sacral vertebrae were directed dorsocranially (lordosis). The entire small intestine, a part of large intestine, stomach, spleen and the right kidney were displayed out of the body, and it seemed that the listed internal organs were protruded from an abdominal cleft associated with the allantoic membrane. Liver, lungs and heart were hypoplastic. The large intestine was seen to have blind end (atresia recti), but anus was normal. Cerebrum and cerebellum were noticed as normal in sizes. Chromosome preparations from lymphocyte cultures of the foetus showed chromosomal aberrations including chromatid and chromosome breaks, exchange figures, non-homologous pairing, whereas no abnormalities were detected in the chromosome preparations from mother's cultures. This is probably the first case of SR in a cat, which was examined in detail from clinical, pathological, radiological and chromosomal angles.

Oxidative stress occurs following the impairment of pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in chronic wounds and leads to harmful delays in healing progress. A fine balance between oxidative stress and endogenous antioxidant defense system may be beneficial for wound healing under redox control. This study tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress in wound area can be controlled with systemic antioxidant therapy and therefore wound healing can be accelerated. We used chlorogenic acid (CGA), a dietary antioxidant, in experimental diabetic wounds that are characterized by delayed healing. Additionally, we aimed to understand possible side effects of CGA on pivotal organs and bone marrow during therapy. Wounds were created on backs of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. CGA (50 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally. Animals were sacrificed on different days. Biochemical and histopathological examinations were performed. Side effects of chronic antioxidant treatment were tested. CGA accelerated wound healing, enhanced hydroxyproline content, decreased malondialdehyde/nitric oxide levels, elevated reduced-glutathione, and did not affect superoxide dismutase/catalase levels in wound bed. While CGA induced side effects such as cyto/genotoxicity, 15 days of treatment attenuated blood glucose levels. CGA decreased lipid peroxidation levels of main organs. This study provides a better understanding for antioxidant intake on diabetic wound repair and possible pro-oxidative effects.

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, caseous lymphadenitis, is a chronic disease characterized with internal organ abscess formation and has been reported in many sheep raised countries. The agent is a pleomorphic, gram-positive bacteria and proliferates within the macrophages. Poor fleece quality, milk production decrease, reproductive disorders are among the causes of economical loses since there is no good response to the treatment efforts. A caseous lymphadenitis case in a pregnant two-year-old Merino sheep with respiratory problems evaluated with clinical, microbiological and pathological findings and presented here. Following necropsy, tissue samples processed routinely, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined. For the microbiology Gram staining of the samples was made and samples were cultured on GBL blood sheep, BHI, MacConkey agars and CAMP test was applied and C. pseudotuberculosis bacteriologically identified. Examination of mediastinal lymph node showed lamella formation and a pyogranulomatous reaction. A well-demarcated abscess was ob served in the examination of the liver. The right kidney has only a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Along with vaccination, serology has an importance in the detection of infected animals and their culling and is necessary in the complete eradication of caseous lymphadenitis. In that sense, much more importance must be given to the small ruminant vaccination and eradication efforts of the diseases in Turkey in which it has up to 63% prevalence., Koyunlarda Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, kazeöz lenfadenitis (KLA) ve iç organlarda apselerle karakterize olan, kronik bir hastalıktır ve koyun yetiştirilen birçok ülkede rapor edilmiştir. Etken, pleomorfik, Gram pozitif ve makrofajlarda çoğalan bir bakteridir. Zayıf yün gelişimi, süt veriminde düşme, üremede bozukluklar nedeniyle önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olmakta ve çoğunlukla tedaviye yanıt alınamamaktadır. Sunulan vakada iki yaşlı, solunum problemi şikâyeti ile getirilen Merinos ırkı bir koyunda gözlenen KLA olgusu klinik, mikrobiyolojik ve patolojik bulgular eşliğinde değerlendirildi. Nekropsi sonrasında alınan organ numunelerine rutin takip işlemleri uygulanarak mikroskobik incelemeler yapıldı. Mikrobiyolojik incelemede Gram boyama, GBL koyun kanlı agarı, BHI ve MacConkey agara ekim ve CAMP testi uygulandı ve C. pseudotuberculosis identifiye edildi. Mediastinal lenf yumrusunun muayenesinde lamella oluşumlu piyogranulomatöz reaksiyon gözlendi. Karaciğerin histopatolojik muayenesinde ise iyi sınırlanmış apse alanları mevcuttu. Sağ böbrekte ise sadece membranoproliferatif bir glomerulonefritis görüldü. Aşılamanın yanı sıra, serolojik tanı hastalıkla savaşmada çok önemli bir yer tutar; böylece belirlenen enfekte hayvanların ayrılması veya itlafı yoluyla hastalıkla mücadele edilebilir ve bu KLA’nın tam eradikasyonu için gerekli görülmektedir. Ülkemizde küçük ruminantlarda yaklaşık %63 oranında görülen bu hastalığa yönelik olarak, aşılama ve eradikasyon çalışmalarına daha fazla ağırlık verilmesi gerekmektedir

Previous studies showed that chlorogenic acid (CGA) accelerates wound healing via its antioxidant activity. We aimed to investigate the effect of CGA in an experimental epigastric abdominal skin flap model in nondiabetic and diabetic rats. Rats were firstly divided into 2 groups: nondiabetic and diabetic. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Then, 4 subgroups were created for each group: vehicle as well as 0.2 mg/0.5 mL, 1 mg/0.5 mL, and 5 mg/0.5 mL CGA treatments. Right epigastric artery-based abdominal skin flaps were elevated and sutured back into their original position. Chlorogenic acid or vehicle was injected once into the femoral arteries by leaving the epigastric artery as the single artery feeding the flaps during the injection. On postoperative day 7, flap survivals were evaluated, and the rats were killed. Distal flap tissues were collected for histopathological and biochemical assays. Chlorogenic acid showed greater flap survival in both nondiabetic and diabetic rats. Capillary density was increased, and necrosis was reduced in the CGA-treated rats. Chlorogenic acid decreased malondialdehyde levels as well as increased reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels in the flap tissues. This study showed that CGA significantly improved flap survival by its antioxidant activities with intra-arterial local injections.

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a well-known natural antioxidant in human diet. To understand the effects of CGA on wound healing by enhancing antioxidant defense in the body, the present study sought to investigate the potential role of systemic CGA therapy on wound healing and oxidative stress markers of the skin. We also aimed to understand whether chronic CGA treatment has side effects on pivotal organs or rat bone marrow during therapy. Full-thickness experimental wounds were created on the backs of rats. CGA (25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally for 15 days. All rats were sacrificed on the 16th day. Biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. Possible side effects were also investigated. The results suggested that CGA accelerated wound healing in a dose-dependent manner. CGA enhanced hydroxyproline content, decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels. and elevated reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels in wound tissues. Epithelialization, angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen formation increased by CGA while polymorph nuclear leukocytes infiltration decreased. CGA modulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor-2 expression in biopsies. Otherwise, high dose of CGA increased lipid peroxidation of liver and kidney without affecting the heart and muscle samples. Chronic CGA increased micronuclei formation and induced cytotoxicity in the bone marrow. In conclusion, systemic CGA has beneficial effects in improving wound repair. Antioxidant, free radical scavenger, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory effects of CGA may ameliorate wound healing. High dose of CGA may induce side effects. In light of these observations, CGA supplementation or dietary CGA may have benefit on wound healing.

Akşit, Hasan (Balikesir Author), Vincristine sulfate is one of the most effective chemical agents used in canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) chemotherapy. Its therapeutic effectiveness is pronounced and significant at the beginning of treatment. The present study was designed to investigate vincristine sulfate treatment and the relationship between CTVT tumor regression and apoptosis [estimated by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)], galectin-3 (H-160), Bcl-2 (N-9), and lectin [EEL (B-135), GSL I (L-1100), and RCA I (BA-0084)] expression using immunohistochemical staining in 20 bitches with naturally occurring CTVTs. Evaluation was semiquantitatively performed by HSCORE values using light microscopy All observed staining was intracytoplasmic and increased endothelial staining was noted with the Bcl-2 marker in tumor vessels. Apoptosis, TUNEL, and lectin scoring was higher in vincristine sulfate-treated tumors than in untreated tumors, while expression of antiapoptotic factors galectin-3 and Bcl-2 were lower in treated than in untreated CTVTs. These results show that galectin-3, Bcl-2, and lectins (EEL, GSL-1, and RCA-1) are suitable indicators/markers for CTVT tumor regression after treatment with vincristine sulfate.

There has been considerable interest in understanding the effects of antioxidants in flap survival during diabetes. Previous studies showed that chlorogenic acid (CGA) exhibits potent antioxidant effects. We aimed to determine the effects of systemic CGA treatment on skin flap survival in an experimental random-pattern dorsal skin flap model in diabetic rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-treated or CGA-treated nondiabetic rats, PBS-treated or CGA-treated diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). Caudally based bipedicled dorsal skin flaps were elevated. CGA (100 mg/kg) or PBS (mL/kg; as vehicle) was administered intraperitoneally once daily. On postoperative day 7, flap survival, regional blood perfusion and microangiography were evaluated. The malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were evaluated from the flap tissue. Capillary density and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were assessed. Harmful effects of diabetes on flap survival were observed. CGA attenuated these effects and allowed greater survival and blood perfusion. CGA decreased MDA and NO levels and increased GSH and SOD levels. CGA elevated capillary density and VEGF expression. This study showed that peripherally administered CGA significantly improved flap survival in diabetic and nondiabetic rats.

We evaluated the presence of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) enzymes in 18 feline mammary tubulopapillary carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry was performed to localize ER, PR, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in situ. Western blotting and zymographic analyses also were performed to investigate the presence and activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymes in fresh tissue homogenates. ER immune expression was detected in five samples (27.7%) and PR was positive in sixteen (88.8%) samples. Diffuse cytoplasmic staining of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in neoplastic mammary epithelial cells, stromal fibroblasts and inflammatory cell was evident. MMP-2 and MMP-9 staining was observed also in metastasizing neoplastic cells within lymphatic vessels. MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymes and their activities in fresh tumor homogenates were demonstrated by zymography. Comparison of MMP-9 gelatinolytic bands from tumor samples and controls revealed a statistically significant difference. We demonstrated elevated MMP-9 and MMP-2 levels in tumor samples by Western blotting; analysis of protein bands revealed 1.9-to-3 fold increase in MMP-9 in tumor samples and the difference was statistically significant. Our results suggest that the expression of MMP-9 can be an important indicator for tumor progression and the possible metastatic nature of feline tubulopapillary carcinomas.

Koyunlarda Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, kazeöz lenfadenitis (KLA) ve iç organlarda apselerle karakterize olan, kronik bir hastalıktır ve koyun yetiştirilen birçok ülkede rapor edilmiştir. Etken, pleomorfik, Gram pozitif ve makrofajlarda çoğalan bir bakteridir. Zayıf yün gelişimi, süt veriminde düşme, üremede bozukluklar nedeniyle önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olmakta ve çoğunlukla tedaviye yanıt alınamamaktadır. Sunulan vakada iki yaşlı, solunum problemi şikâyeti ile getirilen Merinos ırkı bir koyunda gözlenen KLA olgusu klinik, mikrobiyolojik ve patolojik bulgular eşliğinde değerlendirildi. Nekropsi sonrasında alınan organ numunelerine rutin takip işlemleri uygulanarak mikroskobik incelemeler yapıldı. Mikrobiyolojik incelemede Gram boyama, GBL koyun kanlı agarı, BHI ve MacConkey agara ekim ve CAMP testi uygulandı ve C. pseudotuberculosis identifiye edildi. Mediastinal lenf yumrusunun muayenesinde lamella oluşumlu piyogranulomatöz reaksiyon gözlendi. Karaciğerin histopatolojik muayenesinde ise iyi sınırlanmış apse alanları mevcuttu. Sağ böbrekte ise sadece membranoproliferatif bir glomerulonefritis görüldü. Aşılamanın yanı sıra, serolojik tanı hastalıkla savaşmada çok önemli bir yer tutar; böylece belirlenen enfekte hayvanların ayrılması veya itlafı yoluyla hastalıkla mücadele edilebilir ve bu KLA’nın tam eradikasyonu için gerekli görülmektedir. Ülkemizde küçük ruminantlarda yaklaşık %63 oranında görülen bu hastalığa yönelik olarak, aşılama ve eradikasyon çalışmalarına daha fazla ağırlık verilmesi gerekmektedir Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, caseous lymphadenitis, is a chronic disease characterized with internal organ abscess formation and has been reported in many sheep raised countries. The agent is a pleomorphic, gram-positive bacteria and proliferates within the macrophages. Poor fleece quality, milk production decrease, reproductive disorders are among the causes of economical loses since there is no good response to the treatment efforts. A caseous lymphadenitis case in a pregnant two-year-old Merino sheep with respiratory problems evaluated with clinical, microbiological and pathological findings and presented here. Following necropsy, tissue samples processed routinely, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined. For the microbiology Gram staining of the samples was made and samples were cultured on GBL blood sheep, BHI, MacConkey agars and CAMP test was applied and C. pseudotuberculosis bacteriologically identified. Examination of mediastinal lymph node showed lamella formation and a pyogranulomatous reaction. A well-demarcated abscess was observed in the examination of the liver. The right kidney has only a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Along with vaccination, serology has an importance in the detection of infected animals and their culling and is necessary in the complete eradication of caseous lymphadenitis. In that sense, much more importance must be given to the small ruminant vaccination and eradication efforts of the diseases in Turkey in which it has up to 63% prevalence.