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The paper aimed to present different genomic approaches and the role of Cicer arietinum diversity in breeding. The chickpea is one of the promising pulse crops in Europe. Recent European strategies focused on imperative need of safety and secure food and clean environment highlighted the importance of new and performant pulses genetic resources available for farmers. Despite the nutritional, agronomic and environmental benefits of chickpea, this crop remains insufficient explored. The low level of European plant protein self-sufficiency is due to: the lack of breeding resources and knowledge gaps (low agronomic expertise, insufficient cooperation between stakeholders, noncompetitive management of PGR), poor adaptation of protein plant cultivars in Europe. The study presents: (1) modern breeding approaches based on genomic approaches, (2) the diversity of chickpea by screening of the vast volume of accessions available in gene banks, (3) the role of inclusion of wild genetic material in current breeding programs, thanks to their feature to imprint tolerance/resistance to different abiotic and biotic stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the shift to forwardlooking biological methods of pest control to address environmental concerns arising from chemical use. Biological control relies on the balance of species interactions, which can be disrupted by agrotechnical practices or excess chemicals. Pheromones and hormones regulate insect behaviour without toxic effects, contributing to selectivity. Biological control research includes various strategies such as faunal composition studies and pheromone traps targeting specific pests. Pheromone traps, which use speciesspecific compounds, effectively reduce insect populations while maintaining ecological balance. Recognising pest flight patterns helps both biological and non-biological strategies for optimal interventions. This study evaluates the efficacy of pheromone traps for Cydia pomonella L. through mass male reception, revealing correlations between flight frequency and temperature. Inclement weather delayed pest flight in 2023, while pheromone control substantially reduced attacks, maintaining crop health. This research highlights the success of pheromone traps as a sustainable pest management tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bacau region, known for the diversity of its agricultural landscapes, is essential for vegetable production in Romania. Among the many factors influencing vegetable cultivation, insects contribute significantly to crop health and yield, especially those in the Pentatomidae family. This study investigates the role of Pentatomidae insects in vegetable agroecosystems from the Bacau region. Through systematic field surveys and data analysis conducted during 2021, 2022 and 2023, we examine the population dynamics, species composition, and behavioral patterns of Pentatomidae insects. The study aims to elucidate their impact on vegetable crops, including potential damage, feeding habits, and ecological interactions. In addition, we explore the implications of these findings for sustainable pest management strategies in vegetable agriculture in Bacau. This study increases knowledge about Pentatomidae insects and provides practical guidance for local farmers and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cole crop vegetables (Brassica oleracea L.) are cool-season crops that include broccoli (B. oleracea Italica), cauliflower (B. oleracea Botrytis), and cabbage (B. oleracea Capitata). Brassica oleracea, convar. botrytis, var Italica, Fam. Brassicaceae (Cruciferae), is grown for its dark green inflorescences. Its English name derives from the Italian “brocco” and the Latin “bracchium”, which means arm or branch (Boswell, cited by Singh et al., 2004). Biotechnology is part of the broader field of genetic mapping, analysis and research called genomics. In contrast to earlier methods of plant breeding, the new techniques allowed a much wider set of traits to be introduced into plants, in a much shorter period of time. These included resistance to herbicides, pest resistance, cold and drought tolerance, tolerance to salt in soils, enhanced nutrition and vitamin content and many other traits. Brassica biotechnology includes organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, microspore culture and doubled haploids, somatic cell fusion, molecular markers for genetic fidelity of in vitro-grown plants, marker-assisted selection, and transformation. In the present mini-review we outline the main achievements presented by the literature on the main and more often employed techniques used as tools for amplifying classic breeding results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]