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2. Longitudinal population-level HIV epidemiologic and genomic surveillance highlights growing gender disparity of HIV transmission in Uganda

Author

Monod, Mélodie, Brizzi, Andrea, Galiwango, Ronald M., Ssekubugu, Robert, Chen, Yu, Xi, Xiaoyue, Kankaka, Edward Nelson, Ssempijja, Victor, Abeler-Dörner, Lucie, Akullian, Adam, Blenkinsop, Alexandra, Bonsall, David, Chang, Larry W., Dan, Shozen, Fraser, Christophe, Golubchik, Tanya, Gray, Ronald H., Hall, Matthew, Jackson, Jade C., Kigozi, Godfrey, Laeyendecker, Oliver, Mills, Lisa A., Quinn, Thomas C., Reynolds, Steven J., Santelli, John, Sewankambo, Nelson K., Spencer, Simon E. F., Ssekasanvu, Joseph, Thomson, Laura, Wawer, Maria J., Serwadda, David, Godfrey-Faussett, Peter, Kagaayi, Joseph, Grabowski, M. Kate, and Ratmann, Oliver

Published
2024
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3. Feasibility and outcomes of using DIALOG+ in primary care to improve quality of life and mental distress of patients with long-term physical conditions: an exploratory non-controlled study in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Colombia and Uganda

Author

van Loggerenberg, Francois, Akena, Dickens, Alinaitwe, Racheal, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Méndez, Camilo Andrés Cabarique, Gómez-Restrepo, Carlos, Kulenović, Alma Džubur, Selak, Nejra, Kiseljaković, Meliha, Musisi, Seggane, Nakasujja, Noeline, Sewankambo, Nelson K., and Priebe, Stefan

Published
2023
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7. Alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences are associated with not being virally suppressed among persons living with HIV in the Rakai region of Uganda

Author

Miller, Amanda P, Pitpitan, Eileen V, Kiene, Susan M, Raj, Anita, Jain, Sonia, Zúñiga, María Luisa, Nabulaku, Dorean, Nalugoda, Fred, Ssekubugu, Robert, Nantume, Betty, Kigozi, Godfrey, Sewankambo, Nelson K, Kagaayi, Joseph, Reynolds, Steven J, Grabowski, Kate, Wawer, Maria, and Wagman, Jennifer A

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Prevention, Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, Substance Misuse, HIV/AIDS, Oral and gastrointestinal, Stroke, Cancer, Good Health and Well Being, Alcohol Drinking, Cohort Studies, Female, HIV Infections, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Male, Uganda, Alcohol, HIV care continuum, Viral suppression, Treatment adherence, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Substance Abuse, Biochemistry and cell biology, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences, Epidemiology
Abstract

BackgroundAlcohol use is common among persons living with HIV (PWH) in Uganda and associated with poor HIV care outcomes; findings regarding the relationship between alcohol use and viral suppression (VS) have been inconclusive.MethodsData from two rounds (2017-2020) of the Rakai Community Cohort Study, an open population-based cohort study in the Rakai region, Uganda, were analyzed. Two alcohol exposures were explored: past year alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences. Multivariable models (GEE) were used to estimate associations between alcohol exposures and VS for the overall sample and stratified by sex, adjusting for repeated measurement. Causal mediation by ART use was explored.ResultsOver half (55 %) of participants (n = 3823 PWH) reported alcohol use at baseline; 37.8 % of those reporting alcohol use reported alcohol-related consequences. ART use and VS at baseline significantly differed by alcohol use with person reporting alcohol use being less likely to be on ART or VS. Alcohol use was significantly associated with decreased odds of VS among women but not men (adj. OR 0.72 95 % CI 0.58-0.89, p = 0.0031). However, among males who use alcohol, experiencing alcohol-related consequences was significantly associated with decreased odds of VS (adj. OR 0.69 95 % CI 0.54-0.88, p = 0.0034). The relationships between both alcohol exposures and VS were not significant in models restricted to persons on ART.ConclusionsWe provide sex-stratified estimates of associations between two alcohol measures and VS in the context of current HIV treatment guidelines. This study confirms that alcohol use is adversely associated with VS but ART use mediates this pathway, suggesting that initiation and retention on ART are critical steps to addressing alcohol-related disparities in VS.

Published
2021

8. Integrated management of HIV, diabetes, and hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa (INTE-AFRICA): a pragmatic cluster-randomised, controlled trial

Author

Baptista, Eleanor, Bates, Katie, Combe, Geoff, Cullen, Walter, Hinderaker, Sven Gundmund, Moyo, Faith, Picchio, Camila, Shayo, Elizabeth, Snell, Hazel, Van Hout, Marie-Claire, Willitts, Jonathan, Kivuyo, Sokoine, Birungi, Josephine, Okebe, Joseph, Wang, Duolao, Ramaiya, Kaushik, Ainan, Samafilan, Tumuhairwe, Faith, Ouma, Simple, Namakoola, Ivan, Garrib, Anupam, van Widenfelt, Erik, Mutungi, Gerald, Jaoude, Gerard Abou, Batura, Neha, Musinguzi, Joshua, Ssali, Mina Nakawuka, Etukoit, Bernard Michael, Mugisha, Kenneth, Shimwela, Meshack, Ubuguyu, Omary Said, Makubi, Abel, Jeffery, Caroline, Watiti, Stephen, Skordis, Jolene, Cuevas, Luis, Sewankambo, Nelson K, Gill, Geoff, Katahoire, Anne, Smith, Peter G, Bachmann, Max, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Mfinanga, Sayoki, Nyirenda, Moffat J, and Jaffar, Shabbar

Published
2023
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9. Prevalence and correlates of men’s and women’s alcohol use in agrarian, trading and fishing communities in Rakai, Uganda

Author

Wagman, Jennifer A, Nabukalu, Dorean, Miller, Amanda P, Wawer, Maria J, Ssekubugu, Robert, Nakowooya, Hadijja, Nantume, Betty, Park, Eunhee, Hahn, Judith A, Serwadda, David M, Sewankambo, Nelson K, Nalugoda, Fred, and Kigozi, Godfrey

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Behavioral and Social Science, HIV/AIDS, Substance Misuse, Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Agriculture, Alcohol Drinking, Commerce, Female, Fisheries, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Prevalence, Residence Characteristics, Uganda, Young Adult, General Science & Technology
Abstract

IntroductionUganda has one of the highest rates of alcohol use in sub-Saharan Africa but prevalence and correlates of drinking are undocumented in the Rakai region, one of the earliest epicenters of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in East Africa.MethodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data from 18,700 persons (8,690 men, 10,010 women) aged 15-49 years, living in agrarian, trading and fishing communities and participating in the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS) between March 2015 and September 2016. Logistic regression models assessed associations between past year alcohol use and sociodemographic characteristics, other drug use and HIV status, controlling for age, religion, education, occupation, marital status, and household socioeconomic status.ResultsPast year alcohol prevalence was 45%. Odds of drinking were significantly higher in men (versus women) and fishing communities (versus agrarian areas). Odds of drinking increased with age, previous (versus current) marriage and past year drug use. By occupation, highest odds of drinking were among fishermen and (in women) bar/restaurant workers. Alcohol-related consequences were more commonly reported by male (vs. females) drinkers, among whom up to 35% reported alcohol dependence symptoms (e.g., unsteady gait). HIV status was strongly associated with alcohol use in unadjusted but not adjusted models.ConclusionsAlcohol use differed by gender, community type and occupation. Being male, living in a fishing community and working as a fisherman or restaurant/bar worker (among women) were associated with higher odds of drinking. Alcohol reduction programs should be implemented in Uganda's fishing communities and among people working in high risk occupations (e.g., fishermen and restaurant/bar workers).

Published
2020

16. Mortality Among HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy in Southern Uganda

Author

Nabukalu, Dorean, primary, Yiannoutsos, Constantin T., additional, Semeere, Aggrey, additional, Musick, Beverly S., additional, Murungi, Teddy, additional, Namulindwa, Jane Viola, additional, Waswa, Francis, additional, Nakigozi, Gertrude, additional, Sewankambo, Nelson K., additional, Reynolds, Steven J., additional, Lutalo, Tom, additional, Makumbi, Fredrick, additional, Kigozi, Godfrey, additional, Nalugoda, Fred, additional, and Wools-Kaloustian, Kara, additional

Published
2024
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18. Alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences are associated with not being virally suppressed among persons living with HIV in the Rakai region of Uganda

Author

Miller, Amanda P., Pitpitan, Eileen V., Kiene, Susan M., Raj, Anita, Jain, Sonia, Zúñiga, María Luisa, Nabulaku, Dorean, Nalugoda, Fred, Ssekubugu, Robert, Nantume, Betty, Kigozi, Godfrey, Sewankambo, Nelson K., Kagaayi, Joseph, Reynolds, Steven J., Grabowski, Kate, Wawer, Maria, and Wagman, Jennifer A.

Published
2021
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21. Quantifying HIV transmission flow between high-prevalence hotspots and surrounding communities: a population-based study in Rakai, Uganda

Author

Ayles, Helen, Bowden, Rory, Calvez, Vincent, Cohen, Myron, Dennis, Anne, Essex, Max, Fidler, Sarah, Frampton, Dan, Hayes, Richard, Herbeck, Josh, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Kityo, Cissy, Lingappa, Jairam, Novitsky, Vladimir, Paton, Nick, Rambaut, Andrew, Seeley, Janet, Ssemwanga, Deogratius, Tanser, Frank, Lutalo, Tom, Galiwango, Ronald, Makumbi, Fred, Sewankambo, Nelson K., Nabukalu, Dorean, Ndyanabo, Anthony, Ssekasanvu, Joseph, Nakawooya, Hadijja, Nakukumba, Jessica, Kigozi, Grace N., Nantume, Betty S., Resty, Nampijja, Kambasu, Jedidah, Nalugemwa, Margaret, Nakabuye, Regina, Ssebanobe, Lawrence, Nankinga, Justine, Kayiira, Adrian, Nanfuka, Gorreth, Ahimbisibwe, Ruth, Tomusange, Stephen, Galiwango, Ronald M., Nakalanzi, Margaret, Otobi, Joseph O., Ankunda, Denis, Ssembatya, Joseph L., Ssemanda, John B., Kato, Emmanuel, Kairania, Robert, Kisakye, Alice, Batte, James, Ludigo, James, Nampijja, Abisagi, Watya, Steven, Nehemia, Kighoma, Anyokot, Sr. Margaret, Mwinike, Joshua, Kibumba, George, Ssebowa, Paschal, Mondo, George, Wasswa, Francis, Nantongo, Agnes, Kakembo, Rebecca, Galiwango, Josephine, Ssemango, Geoffrey, Redd, Andrew D., Santelli, John, Kennedy, Caitlin E., Wagman, Jennifer, Tobian, Aaron, Ratmann, Oliver, Kagaayi, Joseph, Hall, Matthew, Golubchick, Tanya, Kigozi, Godfrey, Xi, Xiaoyue, Wymant, Chris, Nakigozi, Gertrude, Abeler-Dörner, Lucie, Bonsall, David, Gall, Astrid, Hoppe, Anne, Kellam, Paul, Bazaale, Jeremiah, Kalibbala, Sarah, Laeyendecker, Oliver, Lessler, Justin, Nalugoda, Fred, Chang, Larry W, de Oliveira, Tulio, Pillay, Deenan, Quinn, Thomas C, Reynolds, Steven J, Spencer, Simon E F, Ssekubugu, Robert, Serwadda, David, Wawer, Maria J, Gray, Ronald H, Fraser, Christophe, and Grabowski, M Kate

Published
2020
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22. Exploring the diverse definitions of ‘evidence’: a scoping review

Author

Yu, Xuan, primary, Wu, Shouyuan, additional, Sun, Yajia, additional, Wang, Ping, additional, Wang, Ling, additional, Su, Renfeng, additional, Zhao, Junxian, additional, Fadlallah, Racha, additional, Boeira, Laura, additional, Oliver, Sandy, additional, Abraha, Yoseph G, additional, Sewankambo, Nelson K, additional, El-Jardali, Fadi, additional, Norris, Susan L, additional, and Chen, Yaolong, additional

Published
2023
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24. Integrated management of HIV, diabetes, and hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa (INTE-AFRICA): a pragmatic cluster-randomised, controlled trial

Author

Kivuyo, Sokoine, primary, Birungi, Josephine, additional, Okebe, Joseph, additional, Wang, Duolao, additional, Ramaiya, Kaushik, additional, Ainan, Samafilan, additional, Tumuhairwe, Faith, additional, Ouma, Simple, additional, Namakoola, Ivan, additional, Garrib, Anupam, additional, van Widenfelt, Erik, additional, Mutungi, Gerald, additional, Jaoude, Gerard Abou, additional, Batura, Neha, additional, Musinguzi, Joshua, additional, Ssali, Mina Nakawuka, additional, Etukoit, Bernard Michael, additional, Mugisha, Kenneth, additional, Shimwela, Meshack, additional, Ubuguyu, Omary Said, additional, Makubi, Abel, additional, Jeffery, Caroline, additional, Watiti, Stephen, additional, Skordis, Jolene, additional, Cuevas, Luis, additional, Sewankambo, Nelson K, additional, Gill, Geoff, additional, Katahoire, Anne, additional, Smith, Peter G, additional, Bachmann, Max, additional, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, additional, Mfinanga, Sayoki, additional, Nyirenda, Moffat J, additional, Jaffar, Shabbar, additional, Baptista, Eleanor, additional, Bates, Katie, additional, Combe, Geoff, additional, Cullen, Walter, additional, Hinderaker, Sven Gundmund, additional, Moyo, Faith, additional, Picchio, Camila, additional, Shayo, Elizabeth, additional, Snell, Hazel, additional, Van Hout, Marie-Claire, additional, and Willitts, Jonathan, additional

Published
2023
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26. Feasibility, experiences and outcomes of using DIALOG+ in primary care to improve quality of life and mental distress of patients with chronic conditions: an exploratory non-controlled trial in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Colombia and Uganda

Author

van Loggerenberg, Francois, McGrath, Michael, Akena, Dickens, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Méndez, Camilo Andrés Cabarique, Gómez-Restrepo, Carlos, Džubur Kulenoviĉ, Alma, Muhić, Maja, Sewankambo, Nelson K., Sikira, Hana, and Priebe, Stefan

Published
2021
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33. Patient and health provider costs of integrated HIV, diabetes and hypertension ambulatory health services in low-income settings — an empirical socio-economic cohort study in Tanzania and Uganda

Author

Shiri, Tinevimbo, Birungi, Josephine, Garrib, Anupam V., Kivuyo, Sokoine L., Namakoola, Ivan, Mghamba, Janneth, Musinguzi, Joshua, Kimaro, Godfather, Mutungi, Gerald, Nyirenda, Moffat J., Okebe, Joseph, Ramaiya, Kaushik, Bachmann, M., Sewankambo, Nelson K., Mfinanga, Sayoki, Jaffar, Shabbar, and Niessen, Louis W.

Published
2021
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34. Impact of combination HIV interventions on HIV incidence in hyperendemic fishing communities in Uganda: a prospective cohort study

Author

Kagaayi, Joseph, Chang, Larry W, Ssempijja, Victor, Grabowski, M Kate, Ssekubugu, Robert, Nakigozi, Gertrude, Kigozi, Godfrey, Serwadda, David M, Gray, Ronald H, Nalugoda, Fred, Sewankambo, Nelson K, Nelson, Lisa, Mills, Lisa A, Kabatesi, Donna, Alamo, Stella, Kennedy, Caitlin E, Tobian, Aaron A R, Santelli, John S, Ekström, Anna Mia, Nordenstedt, Helena, Quinn, Thomas C, Wawer, Maria J, and Reynolds, Steven J

Published
2019
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36. Intimate partner violence and communication of HIV diagnosis in Rakai, Uganda.

Author

Kairania, Robert, Gray, Ronald H, Wawer, Maria J, Wagman, Jennifer, Kigozi, Godfrey, Nalugoda, Fred, Musoke, Richard, Serwadda, David, Sewankambo, Nelson K, Semanda, John, and Sembatya, Joseph

Subjects
Humans, HIV Seropositivity, Retrospective Studies, Truth Disclosure, Violence, Adolescent, Adult, Middle Aged, Sexual Partners, Uganda, Female, Male, Young Adult, Self Report, Intimate partner violence, communication of HIV diagnosis, physical abuse, verbal abuse, Social Work
Abstract

Individuals who communicate their HIV diagnosis to sexual partners may be at increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). The authors examined past year self-reported IPV associated with communication of HIV diagnosis and other factors, in a sample of 679 sexually active; HIV-positive individuals age 18 to 49, who received HIV results and posttest counselling 12 months or more prior to the survey in Rakai, Uganda, using log-binomial multivariable regression. The rates of verbal and physical abuse among married individuals were significantly higher compared to unmarried persons, respectively. Physical abuse was significantly higher among women compared to men. IPV was not significantly associated with communication of HIV diagnosis. Interventions to prevent IPV among married HIV-positive individuals particularly women, at the community level, are needed.

Published
2015

37. Lost in transition: HIV prevalence and correlates of infection among young people living in post-emergency phase transit camps in Gulu District, Northern Uganda.

Author

Patel, Sheetal, Schechter, Martin T, Sewankambo, Nelson K, Atim, Stella, Kiwanuka, Noah, and Spittal, Patricia M

Subjects
Humans, HIV Infections, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Cross-Sectional Studies, Sexual Behavior, Adolescent, Adult, Uganda, Female, Male, Young Adult, General Science & Technology
Abstract

ObjectiveLittle is known about HIV infection and the related vulnerabilities of young people living in resource-scarce, post-emergency transit camps that are now home to thousands of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) following two decades of war in northern Uganda. The objective of this analysis was to assess the prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among young people living in post-conflict transition in Gulu District, northern Uganda.MethodsIn 2010, a cross-sectional demographic and behavioural survey was conducted in two of Gulu District's sub-counties with 384 purposively selected transit camp residents aged 15 to 29 years. Biological specimens were collected for rapid HIV testing in the field and confirmatory laboratory testing. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent determinants of HIV infection.ResultsHIV prevalence was alarmingly high at 12.8% (95% CI: 9.6%, 16.5%). The strongest determinant of HIV infection among young people was a non-consensual sexual debut (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 9.88; 95% CI: 1.70-18.06). Residing in Awach sub-county (AOR, 2.93; 95% CI: 1.28-6.68), experiencing STI symptoms in the previous 12 months (AOR, 2.36; 95% CI: 1.43-6.17), and practicing dry sex (AOR, 2.31; 95% CI: 1.04-5.13) were other key determinants of HIV infection.ConclusionsStudy findings contribute to filling an important gap in epidemiological evidence and are useful for planning public health interventions in northern Uganda that effectively target young people in post-conflict transition and support them in the resettlement process. Findings serve to recommend reaching beyond traditional prevention programming in a way more effectively beneficial to young people in post-conflict settings by developing population-specific responses sensitive to local contexts and sufficient to address the underlying causes of the complex risk factors influencing the spread of HIV.

Published
2014

38. Use of the informed health choices educational intervention to improve secondary students’ ability to think critically about health interventions in Uganda: A cluster‐randomized trial

Author

Ssenyonga, Ronald, primary, Oxman, Andrew D, additional, Nakyejwe, Esther, additional, Chesire, Faith, additional, Mugisha, Michael, additional, Nsangi, Allen, additional, Semakula, Daniel, additional, Oxman, Matt, additional, Rose, Christopher James, additional, Rosenbaum, Sarah E, additional, Moberg, Jenny, additional, Kaseje, Margaret, additional, Nyirazinyoye, Laetitia, additional, Dahlgren, Astrid, additional, Lewin, Simon, additional, and Sewankambo, Nelson K, additional

Published
2023
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39. Effects of the Informed Health Choices secondary school intervention on the ability of students in Rwanda to think critically about health choices: A cluster‐randomized trial

Author

Mugisha, Michael, primary, Nyirazinyoye, Laetitia, additional, Simbi, Clarisse Marie Claudine, additional, Chesire, Faith, additional, Senyonga, Ronald, additional, Oxman, Matt, additional, Nsangi, Allen, additional, Semakula, Daniel, additional, Rose, Christopher James, additional, Moberg, Jenny, additional, Dahlgren, Astrid, additional, Kaseje, Margaret, additional, Lewin, Simon, additional, Sewankambo, Nelson K., additional, Rosenbaum, Sarah, additional, and Oxman, Andrew D, additional

Published
2023
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40. Effects of the informed health choices secondary school intervention on the ability of students in Kenya to think critically about health choices: A cluster‐randomized trial

Author

Chesire, Faith, primary, Kaseje, Margaret, additional, Ochieng, Marlyn, additional, Ngatia, Benson, additional, Mugisha, Michael, additional, Ssenyonga, Ronald, additional, Oxman, Matt, additional, Nsangi, Allen, additional, Semakula, Daniel, additional, Rose, Christopher James, additional, Nyirazinyoye, Laetitia, additional, Dahlgren, Astrid, additional, Lewin, Simon, additional, Sewankambo, Nelson K, additional, Rosenbaum, Sarah, additional, and Oxman, Andrew D, additional

Published
2023
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41. Effects of the Informed Health Choices secondary school intervention: A prospective meta‐analysis

Author

Chesire, Faith, primary, Mugisha, Michael, additional, Ssenyonga, Ronald, additional, Rose, Christopher J., additional, Nsangi, Allen, additional, Kaseje, Margaret, additional, Sewankambo, Nelson K., additional, Oxman, Matt, additional, Rosenbaum, Sarah E., additional, Moberg, Jenny, additional, Dahlgren, Astrid, additional, Lewin, Simon, additional, and Oxman, Andrew D., additional

Published
2023
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46. In the era of universal test and treat in Uganda, recent intimate partner violence is not associated with subsequent ART use or viral suppression

Author

Miller, Amanda P., primary, Pitpitan, Eileen V., additional, Kiene, Susan M., additional, Raj, Anita, additional, Jain, Sonia, additional, Zúñiga, María Luisa, additional, Nabulaku, Dorean, additional, Nalugoda, Fred, additional, Ssekubugu, Robert, additional, Nantume, Betty, additional, Kigozi, Godfrey, additional, Sewankambo, Nelson K., additional, Kagaayi, Joseph, additional, Reynolds, Steven J., additional, Wawer, Maria, additional, and Wagman, Jennifer A., additional

Published
2023
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47. Sputum Microbiome and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Rural Ugandan Cohort of Well-Controlled HIV Infection

Author

Kayongo, Alex, primary, Bartolomaeus, Theda Ulrike Patricia, additional, Birkner, Till, additional, Markó, Lajos, additional, Löber, Ulrike, additional, Kigozi, Edgar, additional, Atugonza, Carolyne, additional, Munana, Richard, additional, Mawanda, Denis, additional, Sekibira, Rogers, additional, Uwimaana, Esther, additional, Alupo, Patricia, additional, Kalyesubula, Robert, additional, Knauf, Felix, additional, Siddharthan, Trishul, additional, Bagaya, Bernard S., additional, Kateete, David P., additional, Joloba, Moses L., additional, Sewankambo, Nelson K., additional, Jjingo, Daudi, additional, Kirenga, Bruce, additional, Checkley, William, additional, and Forslund, Sofia K., additional

Published
2023
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49. Exploring the diverse definitions of ‘evidence’: a scoping review

Author

Yu, Xuan, Wu, Shouyuan, Sun, Yajia, Wang, Ping, Wang, Ling, Su, Renfeng, Zhao, Junxian, Fadlallah, Racha, Boeira, Laura, Oliver, Sandy, Abraha, Yoseph G, Sewankambo, Nelson K, El-Jardali, Fadi, Norris, Susan L, and Chen, Yaolong

Abstract

ObjectivesTo systematically collect and analyse diverse definitions of ‘evidence’ in both health and social sciences, and help users to correctly use the term ‘evidence’ and rethink what is the definition of ‘evidence’ in scientific research.DesignScoping review.MethodsDefinitions of evidence in the health sciences and social sciences were included. We have excluded the definition of evidence applied in the legal field, abstracts without full text, documents not published in either Chinese or English and so on. We established a multidisciplinary working group and systematically searched five electronic databases including Medline, Web of Science, EBSCO, the Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index and the Chinese Science Citation Database from their inception to 26 February 2022. We also searched websites and reviewed the reference lists of the identified studies. Six reviewers working in pairs, independently, selected studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and extracted information. Any differences were discussed in pairs, and if there was disagreement, it was resolved via discussion or with the help of a third reviewer. Reviewers extracted document characteristics, the original content for the definitions of ‘evidence’, assessed definitions as either intensional or extensional, and any citations for the given definition.ResultsForty-nine documents were finally included after screening, and 68 definitions were obtained. After excluding duplicates, a total of 54 different definitions of ‘evidence’ were identified. There were 42 intensional definitions and 12 extensional definitions. The top three definiens were ‘information’, ‘fact’ and ‘research/study’. The definition of ‘evidence’ differed between health and social sciences. The term ‘research’ appeared most frequently in the definitions.ConclusionsThe definition of ‘evidence’ has gradually attracted the attention of many scholars and decision-makers in health and social sciences. Nevertheless, there is no widely recognised and accepted definition in scientific research. Given the wide use of the term, we need to think about whether, or under what circumstances, a standardised, clear, meaningful and widely applicable definition of ‘evidence’ might be helpful.

Published
2024
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50. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: from clinical care to health policy

Author

Atun, Rifat, Davies, Justine I, Gale, Edwin A M, Bärnighausen, Till, Beran, David, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Levitt, Naomi S, Mangugu, Florence W, Nyirenda, Moffat J, Ogle, Graham D, Ramaiya, Kaushik, Sewankambo, Nelson K, Sobngwi, Eugene, Tesfaye, Solomon, Yudkin, John S, Basu, Sanjay, Bommer, Christian, Heesemann, Esther, Manne-Goehler, Jennifer, Postolovska, Iryna, Sagalova, Vera, Vollmer, Sebastian, Abbas, Zulfiqarali G, Ammon, Benjamin, Angamo, Mulugeta Terekegn, Annamreddi, Akhila, Awasthi, Ananya, Besançon, Stéphane, Bhadriraju, Sudhamayi, Binagwaho, Agnes, Burgess, Philip I, Burton, Matthew J, Chai, Jeanne, Chilunga, Felix P, Chipendo, Portia, Conn, Anna, Joel, Dipesalema R, Eagan, Arielle W, Gishoma, Crispin, Ho, Julius, Jong, Simcha, Kakarmath, Sujay S, Khan, Yasmin, Kharel, Ramu, Kyle, Michael A, Lee, Seitetz C, Lichtman, Amos, Malm, Carl P, Mbaye, Maïmouna N, Muhimpundu, Marie A, Mwagomba, Beatrice M, Mwangi, Kibachio Joseph, Nair, Mohit, Niyonsenga, Simon P, Njuguna, Benson, Okafor, Obiageli L O, Okunade, Oluwakemi, Park, Paul H, Pastakia, Sonak D, Pekny, Chelsea, Reja, Ahmed, Rotimi, Charles N, Rwunganira, Samuel, Sando, David, Sarriera, Gabriela, Sharma, Anshuman, Sidibe, Assa, Siraj, Elias S, Syed, Azhra S, Van Acker, Kristien, and Werfalli, Mahmoud

Published
2017
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