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Chitosan (CS) nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention as a non-viral and cationic carrier for delivery of therapeutic proteins and antigens and offer non-invasive routes of administration such as oral, nasal and ocular routes, and also show adjuvant characteristics for vaccines.Preparation and formulation of CS nanoparticles as a capable carrier with immunoadjuvant properties to enhance the bioavailability of antigen and produce antibody with high affinity.CS nanoparticles were produced by ionic gelation process of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) with CS. Particle size and morphology of nanoparticles were determined using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and also direct observation under light microscope. The influence of the initial BSA concentration and CS concentration on loading efficiency and release behavior was evaluated. The ε-toxin (derived fromThe CS nanoparticles in different groups have a particle diameter (Z-average) in approximate ranges of 200-400, 300-600, 450-800 nm and a positive Zeta potential (32.4 - 48.6 mv). Optimum loading efficiency was achieved for CS at a concentration of 0.5 mg.mLThe CS nanoparticles can be used as a good biodegradable carrier for protein and antigen delivery.

The wastewater produced in a pulp and paper industry is one of the most polluted industrial wastewaters, and therefore its treatment requires complex processes. One of the simple and feasib...

Sodium alginate (SA) is a natural biopolymer that is used as biodegradable and non-toxic material in medical and pharmaceutical fields. Although crosslinked SA with calcium ions in the presence of monovalent salts are unstable. The aim of this work is to employe plant mucilage in combination of SA beads to improve the properties of SA beads. SA beads containing metformin drug (MET) were modified using basil seed mucilage (BSM) to achieve controlled release was investigated. The presence of BSM in the SA structure results in more stability, less swelling, and consequently lower release. The effect of pH 1.2 and pH 7.4 on its release and swelling of the beads was studied, and the results showed that the lowest swelling and release was from the acidic environment. Sodium Tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linker in the bead structure caused a lower release and swelling. The chemical structure of beads was confirmed by FTIR, SEM indicated the porous structure of SA bead and continuous structure of SA/BSM bead and DSC indicated that the presence of BSM in the bead structure decreased the chain motility. Also, cytotoxicity of BSM was investigated by MTT method, and the mucilage toxicity was not confirmed until 3 ml.

The wastewater produced in a pulp and paper industry is one of the most polluted industrial wastewaters, and therefore its treatment requires complex processes. One of the simple and feasible processes in pulp and paper wastewater treatment is coagulation and flocculation. Overusing a chemical coagulant can produce a large volume of sludge and increase costs and health concerns. Therefore, the use of natural and plant-based coagulants has been recently attracted the attention of researchers. One of the advantages of using

Supercritical extraction of flavonoid compounds from Dorema aucheri Boiss., a native Iranian plant using carbon dioxide was studied. A combined theory of broken and intact cell and fluid-solid discontinuous phase equilibrium approach was utilized to explain the role of operating variables on the extraction yields. Effects of temperature, pressure, solvent flow rate and solid particle size on the extraction yield were evaluated using the mathematical modeling. The model accuracy was evaluated in two cases, with and without mass transfer coefficient as a fitting parameter. The theoretical work was also repeated for supercritical extraction of terpenoid compounds from Baizhu to further evaluation of model applicability in supercritical systems. The average absolute deviations of model predictions from experimental data for Baizhu and Dorema aucheri, using no fitting parameters, were between 3.61-8.04% and 5.38-12.62 % respectively. The same deviations using one fitting parameter showed 3.37-6.33% and...