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Background and aim: The age of onset of substance abuse among adolescents has recently decreased worldwide. Parents play an important role in preventing their children from drug abuse. This study aimed to investigate the effect of web-based family-centered empowerment program in preventing the risk factors of substance abuse in students' parents, using the health promotion model (HPM).Method: This interventional study was based on 118 parents of high school students in Sabzevar, Iran (2019). Multi-stage random sampling was used to divide the participants into the experimental (n=65) and control (n=65) groups. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire based on Pender's HPM. A website was designed to perform all stages of the study. The web-based educational intervention was performed for the experimental group. Both groups completed the questionnaires 2 months after the educational intervention. The data were analyzed using t-test, paired t-test, regression, correlation, and analysis of variance.Results: There was a significant difference between the scores of prior related behavior, perceived benefits of action, activity-related effect, situational influences, competitors, and commitment in the parents of the experimental group compared to the control group after the educational intervention (p-value Conclusion: Overall, designing an educational intervention based on the constructs of Pender's HPM could be an effective strategy for promoting preventive behaviors of substance abuse in parents.

Background: The average age of using illicit drugs for the first time in adolescents has decreased in Iran over the past years. Studies show that family and environment play a notable role in keeping adolescents away from substances. Aims: The present study is an attempt to develop and validate a model-based questionnaire to measure parental factors related to substance use prevention in adolescents. Methods: This methodological study was carried out on 336 parents of high school students in Sabzevar- Iran, in 2018. The first draft of the questionnaire, including 136 items, was developed based on the constructs of the Health Promotion Model (HPM) using similar questionnaires, literature review, and interviewing 9 qualified experts. The validity of the questionnaire was measured through face validity (qualitative and quantitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative), and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis). The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by internal consistency and test-retest reliability. SPSS ver. 16 and LISREL ver. 8.2 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Throughout the validation process, 35 items were omitted, and the final version of the questionnaire consisting of 101 items was developed. The overall content validity ratio was 0.81, which indicates the proper and understandable content of the items. The overall content validity index was 0.96, which indicates excellent expert validity. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.85 (constructs range= 0.73-0.96), and the intraclass correlation coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.78 (constructs range= 0.46-0.91), which indicates that the questionnaire has good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Further, the confirmatory factor analysis yielded an appropriate fit for the model (RMSEA= 0.069, χ2/df= 2.77, GFI= 0.60, AGFI= 0.83, CFI= 0.83, NNFI= 0.83). Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the HPM-based questionnaire were supported. Therefore, the questionnaire can be used by health educators and health policymakers in empowerment programs for parents to improve their behavioral skills concerning the prevention of substance use in their adolescents.

Background: The most important ways to deal with events, a prevention is needed to recognize the epidemiology of incidents and identification Factors and Variables Epidemiologically, with attention To Area Geographic and Grade scale Time. Since the city of Sabzevar in Khorasan Razavi province is the third most populous city, Epidemiologic review the importance of incidents in this city. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological situation of accidents and events in Sabzevar city in the year 1384 to 1391. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in which 68346 patients were injured From March 1384 (21 March 2005) to 30 Esfand 1391 (20 March 2013) accident and were admitted to a hospital in the city of Sabzevar Collected and analyzed. Data collection was done using hospital registration form. Finally the data is provided by the software STATA Version 11 was analyzed. Results: All events recorded in the city of Sabzevar during 8 years, were about 68,346. According to gender the majority of people were men (69.82 %) and the least were women (30.18. Average age of these people 27.20 ± 4.17 and in the range of under 1 year to 99 years. Most of the accidents, the age group 15-24 years (33.39%) and 25- 34 years (20.70%) reported the lowest the following year (2. 36%), respectively. Among the types of accidents, motorcycle accidents by 25.88% cases, the most has taken over. Motorcycle crashes (30.49%), the most common type of injury among men And the other most cases among female victims (21.7%, respectively). Urban areas are the most frequent events with 66.66% of cases. The highest incidence is related to the location of street (36%) and home (30.94%) and the lowest number of places are sports (1.16%) and schools (1.27%). In terms of the frequency of events by season, spring was the most prevalent with 30.92 % and summer with 29.42% of cases. Most of the injured (95.56%) were treated and 0.23 % respectively and 3.75% of the cases were fatal and disability. Conclusions: It is necessary to provide public education about the common accidents in these places and ways to prevent them through the mass media, while improving the unsafe conditions and making the streets safer. More attention needs to be paid to preventive measures and to strengthening the provision of health services with the aim of rapidly recovering and returning to work. Keywords: Accidents and events, Sabzevar, Hospital, Disability, Death