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Background and Objective: The present study provides an overview of studies in neuroscience and sign language. It also examines the sign language and the neural regions involved in this language both in terms of its perception and in terms of its production. Sign language processing has been done, with most agreeing on the importance of the left hemisphere in sign language processing. New studies also speak of the right hemisphere's involvement. Many studies have identified the sign language as a means to increase our knowledge of the linguistic and cognitive basis of the brain Materials and Methods: This article reviews, evaluates and critiques the results of articles presented in databases from 1998 to 2018, and categorizes the information obtained in accordance with the content of the studies and reviews. 24 studies including neural basis for sign language, early sign language acquisition, working memory and manual excellence in the sign language were examined. Results: Many language studies have identified gesture as a means of enhancing our knowledge of the linguistic and cognitive basis of the brain. Studies have been conducted on the active role of the cerebral hemisphere in sign language processing, with most agreeing on the importance of the left cerebral hemisphere in sign language processing. New studies also speak of right hemisphere participation. Language comprehension Sign language comprehension differs markedly in both the left and right hemispheres, and this particular difference is mainly in the related visual areas. Conclusion: Sign language neuroscience research has expanded rapidly in recent years and has become a major part of neuroscience research. The output of these studies is also in the area of brain organization and brain plasticity in language cognition and processing. So it seems that further studies on different aspects of the sign language production and understanding are needed to get to the basis and function of the brain.