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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the presence of pneumonia and blood parameters in cases of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and to examine their predictive characteristics in terms of pneumonia. We reviewed the file records of 151 pediatric patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by the real time-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test in nasopharyngeal swabs. The patients were divided into two groups based on direct chest X-ray and computed tomography results in [Group 1 (n:41), with pneumonia findings, and Group 2 (n:110), with no pneumonia findings]. The groups’ demographic data, clinical and laboratory findings were compared. Pulmonary involvement was determined in 41 (27.1%) of the 151 patients. The [body mass index (BMI) Z-score], red blood cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, passive leg raise, and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in patients with pneumonia than those without pneumonia in our study. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, BMI Z-score, MPV, and RDW were found to be independent risk factors of pneumonia in patients. The current study showed higher levels of blood parameters in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) presenting with pneumonia than those without pneumonia. We suggest that BMI-Z score and MPV value may assist in predicting pulmonary involvement in patients with COVID-19.

Background: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is a condition that occurs after mechanical obstruction of the pulmonary arteries by thrombus. Since the frequency and demographics of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension differ between countries, it is thought that genetic factors may play a role in its development. The aim of this study is to reveal the status of VKORC1, CYP2C9*3, CYP2C9*7, and fibrinogen-Aα THR312ALA gene polymorphisms in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients in Turkey. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, a total of 46 chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients and 106 healthy volunteers were included. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to determine candidate gene polymorphisms for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. The general population parameters of each locus were calculated, and the relationship between dominant, codominant, and recessive genotype models and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension was analyzed. Results: For the fibrinogen-Aα gene, those with the THR/THR genotype were found to have a 13.51 (95% CI: 2.688-33.333) times less susceptibility rate to the disease than those with the ALA/THR genotype, the susceptibility of THR/ALA genotype to the disease was 5.026 (95% CI: 1.774-14.242) times more than those with ALA/ALA genotype. There was no difference between patient groups for VKORC1, CYP2C9*3 genes (P >.05). Since the CYP2C9*7 patient group was monomorphic for the ILE allele, the patient/control odds ratio and 95% CI could not be calculated. Conclusion: This study shows that there is an association between the fibrinogen-Aα gene ALA polymorphism at the amino acid position of 312 and the development of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, but not between the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 gene polymorphisms.

Aim: Acute kidney injury develops as a result of various etiologies and pathological mechanisms, with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Anatolian syrup on histopathological variables in experimentally induced acetaminophen and lipopolysaccharide associated acute kidney injury. Methods: In this study, 5 groups were formed using 40 male Wistar albino rats (200-220g, 2-4 months old), as follows: Sham, acetaminophen (1 g/kg intraperitoneal (ip)), 3) lipopolysaccharide (5 mg/kg ip), acetaminophen (1 g/kg ip) + Anatolian syrup (15 days orally), and lipopolysaccharide (5 mg/kg ip) + Anatolian syrup (15 days orally).Tubular atrophy, tubular dilatation, cytoplasmic vacuolization in tubular epithelial cells, tubular epithelial cell necrosis, interstitial inflammation, congestion, hemorrhage, glomerular damage and loss of brushy border were evaluated histopathologically semiquantitatively using scoring from 0 to 5. Results: In histopathological variables, tubular atrophy, tubular dilatation, cytoplasmic vacuolization, necrosis, congestion, hemorrhage, glomerular damage, and loss of brushy border were significantly reduced in the acetaminophen + Anatolian syrup group compared to the acetaminophen group and in the lipopolysaccharide + Anatolian syrup group compared to the lipopolysaccharide group (p

This study is carried out comparatively on throe rodent species. There were ten matured three squirrels (5 male and 5 female), ten matured ground squirrels (4 male and 6 female), and ten 60 day old rats (5 male and 5 female). Study material was lateral side of right mandible. Mandibles of tree and ground squirrels and rats were compared m aero-anatomically. Comparing to squirrels, rats had a bone tip on the lateral side of rostro-ventral of mandibular notch, coronoid process was short and plain, and in the medial side, pterygoid fossa was deepper in the ground squirrels but not in the rats. Unlike mammals, three species had masseteric ridge that frames masseteric fossa dorsally and ventrally. In terms of some metric measurements (Sd, Sv, Ad, Td) taken on mandible, ground squirrel and rat were very similar. In addition, mechanical advantageous of masticatory muscles on the mandible of three species were calculated. In general, comparing to ground squirrel, tree squirrel had more mechanical advantageous of jaw muscles. However, comparison ot three squirrel to rat showed that tree squirrel had more advantageous in two jaw muscles (Sd, Sv), had disadvantageous in one masticatory muscles (Ad), and had no differences for the other two jaw muscles (Tv, Td). Comparing rats to ground squirrels, in terms of jaw muscles, showed that rats had more advantageous in three jaw muscles (Sd, Ad, Tv), but had no differences lor the other two (Sv, Td). In terms of dorsal fibers of the temporal muscles (Td), there were no differences for three species. In this study, three rodent species were compared for species and se* factors via Geometric Morphometries methods. For this purpose, 16 homologous landmarks, on the mandible, were used. It is found that the first two principle components (PCI and PC2) were able to separate three species clearly. The first two principle components were able to reveal 71% of the total shape variation (PCI: 37%, PC2: 34%). In addition, movements of landmarks in different species were analysed by means of deformation grid. Orthogonal comparison of shape data showed that three species differs statistically significantly.

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most commonly grown crop due to its adaptation in a wide range of eco-geographical conditions and providing enhanced food assurance to the modern world. A diverse and rich collection is the foundation of each successful wheat improvement program. Therefore, major efforts are in progress worldwide to boost wheat production by broadening genetic diversity. Accepting this issue as a target, present study gives an overview of the major progress in the diversity and population evaluation of Indian and Turkish hexaploid wheat employing ISSR and RAPD primers. Various statistical analyses were employed for determining the hexaploid wheat population structure of India and Turkey. Results of dendrogram, scatterplots, Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) and population structure analysis were found in accordance with each other. All the experimental genotypes were clustered in two main groups, one group containing Indian varieties and another group containing both Indian and Turkish varieties reflecting the direct or indirect interbreeding among the populations of the two countries. Utilizing the genetic association of Indian and Turkish hexaploid wheat population, based on genetic distance estimated in the study, researchers worldwide may include Indian and Turkish hexaploid varieties in the wheat improvement programs and can evade the likelihood of selected germplasm becoming hereditarily consistent.

Aim: Investigation of the effects of dietary restriction on expression of certain small heat shock protein (sHSP) genes at mRNA level in liver tissue of rats reared under long-term heat stress. Material and Method: Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) 10 weeks of age, were equally divided into four groups. Group I and II were kept at an ambient temperature of 22°C, while Groups III and IV were reared at 38°C. Groups I and III were fed ad libitum, while Groups II and IV were fed 60% of the diet consumed by their ad libitum counterparts. The treatment continued for 9 weeks. At the end of the treatment, liver tissue samples were taken. Total RNA was isolated and mRNA expression level of the HspB1, HspB2, HspB5, HspB6, HspB8, Hsp10, Hsp11 and HspA1A genes were assessed by Real-Time PCR analysis. Results: Heat stress significantly up regulated mRNA expressions of HspB2, HspB8 and Hsp70 genes, while it did not change mRNA expressions of HspB1, HspB5, HspB6, Hsp10 and Hsp11 genes. Dietary restriction (DR) did not significantly affect the expression of HspB1, HspB2, HspB8 HspB10, HspB11 and Hsp70, while it increased mRNA expression of HspB6 gene. No interaction between treatments was observed. Conclusions: The results suggested that long term heat stress differentially affected the sHSP genes studied and DR had no affect on the heat stress mediated changes in the expression of sHSP.

Aim: Practical, reliable and economical pregnancy diagnosis method for as early as possible time of pregnancy in mares is still requirement. Immune tolerance against allogenic fetus is critically important during the early pregnancy. Tolllike Receptors (TLRs) are known to be an important part of innate immune system. Aim was to evaluate expression of TLRs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during the early pregnancy in mare. Material and Methods: Blood samples were collected on days of ovulation (d0) and 8 during estrous and pregnancy from three same mares. Total RNA samples were isolated from PBMCs and cDNA synthesis was performed. Expressions of TLRs at mRNA levels were quantified by using realtime RT-PCR in duplicates. Relative Expression Software Tool (REST2009) was used for statistical analysis. Results: TLRs (1 to 10) were found to be expressed in PMBCs by RT-PCR. However, real-time PCR measurements failed to show effects of pregnant or cyclic status on expression of TLRs. Conclusion: According to these results, it may suggest that determination of TLRs gene expression in equine PBMCs during early pregnancy is not a good marker in understanding early equine pregnancy.