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Objective: Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a fibroinflammatory disease of an unknown origin and 2/3 of patients are idiopathic. In this study, the demographic, clinical and treatment features of patients diagnosed with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis at Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Rheumatology Department were evaluated. Methods: Patients diagnosed with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis between January 2000 and September 2019 were included in the study. Patient data were evaluated from hospital records retrospectively. Results: Seventeen patients were recruited in the study. The most common initial symptoms were pain and constitutional symptoms. All cases were diagnosed by imaging studies (computed tomography most commonly). Treatment with corticosteroid and concomitant azathioprine or cyclophosphamide at the time of diagnosis was initiated to all patients. In only 4 patients, treatment failure was recorded and rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil were used as a second line agent in these patients. Conclusion: The clinical and treatment features of our patients were compatible with the literature. The early diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis is important to start treatment in order to prevent irreversible renal damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, laccase from Trametes versicolor was immobilized in poly(acrylamide-crotonic acid)/sodium alginate [P(AAm-CrA)/alginate], poly(acrylamide-crotonic acid)/K-carrageenan [(P(AAm-CrA)/K-car)], poly(acrylamide-citraconic acid)/sodium alginate (P(AAm-CA)/alginate), and poly(acrylamide-citraconic acid)/K-carrageenan (P(AAm-CA)/K-car) semi-interpenetrating network by entrapment method. Optimum pH and temperatures values were determined between 5.0-6.0 and 40-50 °C for free laccase (FL) and immobilized laccases, respectively. After 42 days of storage at 4 °C, FL and immobilized laccases retained their original activities in the range of 55%-73%. Percent decolorization of Acid Orange 52 by free enyzme and enyzmes immobilized in hydrogels was found between 63% and 39%. Percent decolorization of Acid Orange 52 in the presence of mediator by free enyzme was found 73% and enyzmes immobilized in hydrogels were found as 73%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The synthesis of novel metallophthalocyanines (M=Zn, Ni) bearing substituted benzyl protected 1,2,3-triazole moieties at peripheral positions is described for the first time via direct cyclotetramerization. These complexes have been characterized by a combination of FT-IR, 1H NMR, HRMS and UV–Vis spectroscopy techniques and all the new compounds are highly soluble in most common organic solvents. In addition, the electrochemical and electrochromic behaviors of the complexes are investigated. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry measurements demonstrate ligand base oxidations and reductions for both the Zn(II) and Ni(II) phthalocyanines by the transfer of one electron in each electrochemical step. The redox couples are identified in situ by monitoring the electronic absorption spectral changes during the electrolysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An efficient synthesis of racemic and both enantiomeric forms of heteroaryl substituted γ- and δ-lactone derivatives derived from allyl and homoallyl alcohol backbones has been accomplished via ring closing metathesis reaction. 2-Heteroaryl substituted allyl and homoallyl alcohols have been efficiently resolved through enzymatic method with high ee (97–99%) and known stereochemistry. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of target lactones were evaluated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The intramolecular Pauson–Khand and ring closing metathesis (RCM) reactions of nitrogen containing chiral enynes and dienes are described. The enyne and diene systems comprised of N-propargylated and N-allylated units are constructed on chiral homoallylic or homopropargylic alcohol backbones, respectively, via SN2 and/or modified Mitsunobu reactions. The racemic homoallylic and homopropargylic alcohol derivatives were successfully resolved in high ee (93–99%) by applying chemoenzymatic methods using various lipases such as PS-C II, Lipozyme, and CAL-B. Each enantiomerically enriched enyne afforded the most conformationally stable diastereomeric cyclopenta[c]pyridine ring system as the sole product, whereas enantiomerically enriched dienes gave tetrahydropyridine derivatives as a result of intramolecular Pauson–Khand and RCM reactions, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The novel optically active Pc-4 (neutral) and Pc-5 (ionic), zinc(II) phthalocyanines having four N-benzyl protected l-prolinol unit were synthesized. l-prolinol has binucleophilic character and can be anchored to phthalonitrile derivative from both nitrogen and oxygen atoms. In order to overcome this problem and to enhance the solubility of phthalonitrile (S)-(-)-3 and the target phthalocyanines, the nitrogen atom of l-prolinol was first protected with benzyl chloride. All the compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, MALDI–TOF MS, IR, UV–vis, and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Pc-4 is highly soluble in most common organic solvents, whereas ionic Pc-5 is soluble in water. The CD results showed that the chiral information was transferred from the peripheral chiral l-prolinol side chains to the phthalocyanine chromophore at the molecular level. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction of enynes derived from homoallyl, homopropargyl, and allyl alcohols is described. 2-Heteroaryl-substituted homoallyl, homopropargyl, and allyl alcohols are easily and efficiently resolved through enzymatic resolution in high ee (91–99%) and with a known stereochemistry. Each enantiomerically enriched enyne derived from homoallyl and homopropargyl alcohols affords the conformationally most stable diastereomeric cyclopenta[c]pyran ring system as the sole product, whereas enantiomerically enriched enynes derived from allyl alcohols give a diastereomeric cis:trans mixture of the cyclopenta[c]furan ring system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction of camphor tethered enynes derived from homoallyl, homomethallyl, and homopropargyl alcohols is described. Homoallyl, homomethallyl, and homopropargyl moieties are easily constructed on the camphor carbonyl group with excellent diastereoselectivity due to endo-face selectivity, and with known stereochemistry. Each enantiomerically pure enyne affords the conformationally most stable diastereomeric spirocyclic cyclopenta[c]pyran ring system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An efficient chemoenzymatic route for the synthesis of optically active aromatic ring fused cyclic tertiary alcohols (S)-(−)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol (−)-1b and (S)-(+)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ol (+)-1a has been developed. Different lipases have been tested in the transesterification of these tertiary alcohols; CAL-A (Candida antarctica Lipase A) was found to be the best biocatalyst for 1b and CAL-A-CLEA (Lipase A, C. antarctica, cross-linked enzyme aggregate) for 1a, obtained with ee values of 20% and 45%, respectively, and the corresponding esters 2b and 2a with the ee values of 99% and 71%, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction of enynes derived from homoallyl and homopropargyl alcohols is described. 2-Furyl substituted homoallyl and homopropargyl alcohols are easily and efficiently resolved through enzymatic resolution in a high ee (93–99%) with a known stereochemistry. Each enantiomerically enriched enyne affords the conformationally most stable diastereomeric cyclopenta[c]pyran ring system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this study, we aimed to evaluate LIF levels and its possible relationship with disease activity in patients with Takayasu's (TAK) and Giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients. 23 Takayasu's arteritis, 9 Giant cell arteritis patients and 25 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Serum LIF levels were measured ELISA. The mean age of Giant cell arteritis patients was statistically significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.001). The rate of women was found to be higher in Takayasu's arteritis (p = 0.021). When healthy control, patients with GCA and Takayasu arteritis were compared, there was a difference in LIF values (p = 0.018). In subgroup analyzes, LIF values were found to be higher in GCA patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between LIF and CRP (Rho = −0.038, p = 0.778), ESR (Rho = 0.114, p = 0.399) and ITAS (Rho = −0.357, p = 0.094). While CRP was statistically significantly higher in patients with disease activity (p = 0.003), there was no statistically significant difference between patients in terms of ESR and LIF values. While there was a statistically significant relationship between CRP (OR = 1.19 [1.03–1.37], p = 0.018) and disease activity in univariate analyses, no statistically significant variable was found in multivariable analyses. LIF values were significantly higher in patients with Giant cell arteritis compared to healthy controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of the groups with and without bDMARDs added to the treatment of persistent oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients on methotrexate (MTX) and also to determine the predictors of adding bDMARDs to treatment. This study included 86 oligoarticular JIA patients on MTX. Patients were divided into two groups receiving MTX (n = 69) and MTX plus bDMARD (n = 17). Predictors of adding bDMARDs were investigated by comparing demographic, clinical features and laboratory findings. Gender, age at diagnosis, time elapsed from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis, and disease duration, the number and distribution of affected joint at the time of diagnosis were similar in both groups. The mean JADAS10 at the time of diagnosis were 18.8 ± 4.2 and 19.5 ± 6.4 in the MTX and MTX plus bDMARDs groups, respectively (p = 0.68). JADAS10 at 3rd and 6th month were significantly higher in patients on MTX plus bDMARDs (p = 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the risk of adding bDMARD was shown to increase 1.24-fold (p = 0.004, 95% CI: 1.07–1.43) for each point increase on the JADAS 10 at 3rd months. The number (p = 0.64) or type (p = 0.18) of joint involvement at disease onset were not predictors of adding a bDMARD. Conclusion: JADAS10 indicating ongoing severe disease activity at 3rd and 6th months rather than baseline JADAS10 is associated with the addition of bDMARDs. What is Known: • Oligoarticular JIA patients have the best outcomes among JIA categories and respond favorably to first-line therapies such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and intraarticular corticosteroid injections. • Clinically inactive disease rates have increased with the widespread use of biological agents in oligoarticular JIA patients who have not responded to initial therapies. What is New: • Approximately one-fifth of patients with persistent oligoarticular JIA on methotrexate may require the addition of a biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug during follow-up. • The JADAS10 calculated at 3 and 6 months is a valuable tool to identify patients who should be added biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in persistent oligoarticular JIA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Behçet hastalığı (BH) mukoza, deri, eklem, göz tutulu-munun yanında vasküler, gastrointestinal, merkezi sinir sistemi gibi organları da tutabilen, relaps ve remisyonlarla seyreden ve değişen klinik seyir gösteren sistemik bir vaskülittir. Erkeklerde ve gençlerde hastalık prognozunun daha kötü olduğu bilinmektedir. Literatürde BH'nin klinik ve demografik özellikleri üzerine yapılmış olan birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amaeı, BH'nin klüıik özelliklerinin einsiyet ve yaş ile ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Multidiscipliner Behçet Polikliniğinde değerlendirilmiş ve ISG-1990 klasifikas-yon kriterlerine göre BH tanısı alan 665 hastanın verileri ret-rospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastalarm demografik özellikleri, BH'ye ait klinik bulguları, paterji testi sonuçları ve semptomları kaydedildi. Bulgular: Hastalarm tamamında oral aftöz ülser (%100), %85.9'unda genital ülser (GÜ), %56.5'inde eritema nodozum (EN), %65.9'unda papülopüstüler lezyonlar (PPL), %32.6'sında oküler tutulum, %49.3'ünde eklem tutulumu, %21.7'sinde vasimler mmlurn, %4.8'mde nörohehçet vardı. Erkeklerde kadmlara göre PPL, oküler mmlurn ve vasimler mmlurn görülme sıklığı anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (sırasıyla p<0.00 1, p=0.004 ve p<0.001). GU, eklem tutulumu, baş ağnsı ve paterji pozitifliği ise kadınlarda daha sık olarak saptandı (sırasıyla p=0.006, pcO.OOl, p<0.001 ve p<0.001). Tablo 1 PS-056'da hastalanıl genel özellikleri ile einsiyete göre hastalanıl klinik bulguların karşılaştırılması ve Odds Ratio'ları gösterilmektedir. Klinik bulguların olmasuıa veya olmamasına göre göülme yaşlaruun karşılaştırması yapıldığında; GU, EN ve vasimler tutulumu olanların yaşlaruun bu bulguları olmayanlara göre daha genç olduklan saptandı (sırasıyla; p=0.006, p=0.025 ve p=0.007) (Tablo 2 PS-056). Sonuç: BH'nin klinik özellikleri yaşa ve cinsiyete göre değişebilmektedir. Popülasyonun büyüklüğüne, çalışmanın yapıldığı merkeze, hastalan dahil etme kriterlerine ve hastalann yaşadığı bölge-ye bağlı olarak varyasyonlar görülebilmektedir. Bizim çalışmamızda PPL, oküler tutulum ve vasküler tutulumun erkeklerde daha sık görüldüğü; GÜ, eklem tutulumu, baş ağrısı ve paterji pozitifliğinin ise kadmlarda daha sık görüldüğü saptandı. GU, EN ve vasküler tutulumu olanlarm olmayanlara göre daha genç yaşta oldukları tespit edildi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Ankilozan spondilit (AS) daha çok genç popülasyonda ortaya çıkan, sıklıkla kronik bel ağrısıyla giden enflamatuvar bir hastalıktır. Hastalık aktivitesini etkileyebilen sosyal, psikolojik ve demografik birtakım özellikler mevcuttur. Yeterli doz ve sürede NSAİD kullanımına rağmen hastalık aktivitesi devam eden bireylerde biyolojik ilaçlar kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada COVID-19 pandemi döneminde biyolojik ilaç kullanan AS tanılı hastalarda hastalık aktivitesini etkileyen bazı sosyal, demografik özellikler sorgulanmıştır. Depresyon ve anksiyetenin hastalık aktivitesine olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Romatoloji Bilim Dalı Biyolojik Ajan Polikliniği'nde, Kasım 2020-Mayıs 2021 tarihleri arasında, ankilozan spondilit tanısıyla takip edilen, 18 yaşından büyük 88 gönüllü hasta çalışmaya alındı. Hastalık aktivitesi BASDAİ ile kayıt altına alındı. BASDAİ skoru 4'ün üzerinde olanlar aktif hastalık olarak değerlendirildi. Hastalara hastaların tanısı, sosyal ve demografik bazı özellikleriyle ilgili soruların yer aldığı bir anket uygulandı. Hastane anksiyete ve depresyon ölçeği (HAD) psikolojik değerlendirme için kullanıldı. Hastalığı aktif olanlar ile olmayanlarda hastalara ait sosyal, demografik ve hastalık ilişkili bazı faktörler karşılaştırıldı. Anksiyete ve depresyon skorlarının aktif ve inaktif hastalardaki ilişkisine bakıldı. Bulgular: Toplam 88 Ankilozan spondilit hastasının 43'ü erkekti ve hastaların ortanca yaşı 42 olarak görüldü. Hastalık tanı süresi ve biyolojik ilaç başlangıç süresi ortanca değerleri sırasıyla 9 ve 6 yıl olarak saptandı. Hastaların ortalama vücut kitle indeksi 27,5 kg/m2, sigara kullanım oranı %44, anti-TNF kullanım oranı %85 olarak tespit edildi. Psikiyatrik bir tanısı olan 14 hasta olduğu görüldü. HAD-anskiyete ve depresyon skoru değerleri ortalama 5 olarak saptandı. BASDAİ skoru 4'ün üzerinde olan ve olmayan hastalar karşılaştırıldığında, HAD anskiyete ve depresyon skorları ile HAQ skoru aktif hastalarda anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptandı. Diğer parametreler açısından iki grup arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı (Tablo 1). Sonuç: Ankilozan spondilit hastalarında hastalık aktivitesiyle depresyon ve anksiyete skorları arasında anlamlı korelesyon saptandı. Hastaların psikolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi hastalık aktivitesini kontrol etmek açısından önemli bir rol üstlenebilir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key 7-allyl-8-hydroxy-6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one intermediate in a synthesis of the alkaloid peduncularine is obtained enantioenriched, by desymmetrisation of an achiral 6,7-epoxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one (epoxytropinone). Chiral lithium amide-assisted enantioselective silyl enol ether formation then TMSOTf/allyltrimethylsilane/2,6-lutidine-induced rearrangement−allylation proceeded in up to 80:20 er, but modest overall yield. Chiral amines or (thio)ureas replacing 2,6-lutidine gave up to 76:24 er directly from epoxytropinone. A direct, simplified (base-free) process using a BINOL-derived bis(sulfuryl)imide catalyst and allyltrimethylsilane proved the most promising (80%, 83:17 er). Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate differences in school performance, school attendance, quality of life, and physical activity in adolescents with Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) compared to healthy controls. Methods: One hundred and twenty-nine patients with FMF and 154 healthy controls between 13 and 18 years were included in the study. Demographic, school performance (according to grade point average), school absenteeism, and type and frequency of exercise were recorded. Quality of life was evaluated with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0. Results: The mean age of FMF patients was 15.1 ± 2.7 years, and 69 patients (53.5%) were female. School performance was significantly higher in the control group compared to FMF patients (P < 0.001). In the control group, there were significantly higher participants who engaged in professional sports (P < 0.001). Patients with FMF had significantly lower self-reported PedsQL scores in school functioning, physical, and psychosocial health domains compared to those in the control group (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.028, respectively). Conclusions: FMF patients demonstrated lower school performance and quality-of-life scores compared to healthy controls. In addition to improving symptoms in chronic diseases, it is important to evaluate and improve the quality of life of patients in routine practice and to ensure psychosocial well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Low disease activity is aimed to preserve functional status in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA). However, disease activity indices use erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, which might not uniformly reflect active disease. Complete blood count (CBC) test is routinely performed in daily practice and components of CBC may reflect ongoing inflammation. In this singlecentred retrospective study, we aimed to determine the associations of CBC parameters with disease activity indices in r-axSpA patients. Methods: Patients and healthy controls, who presented to our rheumatology outpatient clinic from January 2018 to September 2020, were recruited to the study. Sixty-four patients diagnosed with r-axSpA were compared with sex- and age-matched 53 patients with Behçet's syndrome and 79 healthy controls. The demographic characteristics and laboratory parameters including CBC, ESR and CRP values of the participants were recorded. Disease activity indices such as Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity index (BASDAI) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity score (ASDAS) were scrutinized. One-Way ANOVA and Spearman test were used to compare the groups and to calculate the correlation of parameters with disease activity indices, respectively. All statistics were done in SPSS version 21 with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Demographic characteristics were similar among the groups. The mean platelet volume was significantly lower in r-axSpA patients than in diseased and healthy controls (9.8±0.9 vs 10.3±0.8 vs 10.4 0.9, respectively, p=0.001). CBC components did not correlate with BASDAI and ASDAS. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and plateletlymphocyte ratio were weakly correlated with CRP (r=0.399 and 0.316, respectively). Conclusion: CBC components do not indicate disease activity in r-axSpA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a childhood rheumatic disease that causes joint inflammation and tissue damage. Non-infectious uveitis is the most common extra-articular manifestation of JIA.The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors that play a role in occurrence and recurrence of uveitis and, to determine the relationship between arthritis and uveitis activity in patients with JIA. Material and Methods: This retrospective, cross sectional study included JIA patients with/without uveitis from a referral center in Turkey. The Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score was used to evaluate the disease activity and calculated for arthritis and uveitis separately. Results: Uveitis was seen in 26 (13.3%) of 195 JIA patients. Of 26 JIA associated uveitis (JIA-U) patients, 19 (73%) had an oligoarticular subtype. The median age at diagnosis of JIA with uveitis was younger than without uveitis (p=0.015). Oligoarticular JIA was found to be associated with recurrence of uveitis (p=0.021). The occurrence age of arthritis and uveitis was significantly younger in patients with recurrent uveitis (p=0.041, p=0.002, respectively). The median JADAS27 score at the onset of uveitis was lower in the recurrent group (p=0.038). Conclusion: Early age is a significant risk factor for occurrence and recurrence of uveitis. It is important to remember that, during the disease course, patients with low disease activity may also develop uveitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of optically active γ- and δ-lactone derivatives of type (VI) and (VIII) are prepared via ring closing metathesis reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capparis ovata is a natural plant that grows widely in Turkey and its flowering buds and berry pickle are used in traditional medicine. Thus, the current study was expanded to evaluate the biochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects of the Capparis ovata water extract (COWE). To determine the biochemical properties of COWE, mineral and fatty acid content, elemental analysis, flavonoid/phenolic content, radical‐scavenging capacity, and pesticide analysis were performed. Furthermore, to find out whether it had anti‐inflammatory properties, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) luciferase activity tests were conducted. Whole‐genome transcriptomic profiling was carried out at a dose level of 500 mg/kg COWE to understand its pharmacological effect. Transaminases in serum were tested, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was done using a custom design array that included the stress and molecular toxicology pathway to establish its toxicological qualities. As a result of the evaluations, it was observed that COWE has a high mineral and unsaturated fatty acid content, flavonoid/phenolic content, and radical‐scavenging ability. It significantly inhibited NF‐κB transcriptional activity as well as inflammatory cytokine expression in T‐lymphoblast cells. Whole‐genome transcriptomic profiling depicted that COWE modulates immune responses by upregulating natural killer cell activation, cellular response to type I interferon, B‐cell proliferation and differentiation, and Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) pathways. Molecular Toxicology Pathfinder RT2 Profiler PCR array analysis revealed that COWE at or lower dose of 500 mg/kg/day did not cause a comparatively adverse effect. According to the findings, COWE is a rich source of nutrients and can be used as an adjunct therapy for various inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic systemic disease characterized by vascular damage, autoimmunity, and fibrosis in the skin and internal organs. In this study, we tried to determine the causes of severe infection in patients with SSc and to reveal the factors associated with severe infection. Materials and methods: We retrospectively examined 214 SSc patients between January 2010 and August 2020. Forty-seven patients with at least one severe infection and 167 patients without severe infection were compared. Results: A total of 76 episodes of severe infections were detected in 47 (22%) patients. Common infections included pneumonia, infected digital ulcer, urinary tract infections, and osteomyelitis. Female patients had a higher frequency in the group without severe infection (91.6% vs. 80.9%, p = 0.035). Patients with severe infections had a higher frequency of digital ulcers (p < 0.001), cardiac (p = 0.002), and GIS involvement (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, digital ulcer presence (OR: 2.849 [1.356-5.898] (p = 0.006) and cardiac involvement (OR: 2.801 [1.248-6.285]) were associated with severe infection. Of the patients with severe infections, 34% had recurrent severe infections. There was no difference in demographic and clinical characteristics between patients with recurrent and nonrecurrent severe infections. Conclusion: The presence of digital ulcer and cardiac involvement seem to be associated with a severe infection in patients with systemic sclerosis. In patients with cardiac involvement and digital ulcers, more careful attention may be required for the development of severe infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of novel metallophthalocyanines (M = Zn, Co) bearing (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one as chalcone on four of the peripheral positions were achieved. These complexes have been characterized by a combination of FT-IR, 1HNMR, HRMS and UV–vis spectroscopytechniques and all the new compounds are highly soluble in most common organic solvents. In addition, metal ion binding titration properties are investigated. Cu +2 and Fe +3 ions were used for titration. The titration results give us the opportunity for application of metal sensing studies of phthalocyanines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to reveal the hospitalization reasons for patients diagnosed with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) and potentially associated factors in a tertiary health center. Method: One hundred and sixty-three pSS patients who regularly attended their follow-ups between January 2010 and May 2021 were included in the study. These patients' reasons for hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, and numbers of presenting to the hospital were recorded. The demographic, clinical and serological characteristics of the hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients were compared. Results: Hospitalization occurred in 22.7% of the patients, and the total number of hospitalizations was 79. The hospitalization incidence density rate was 6.21 per 100 patient-years. The most frequently encountered reason for hospitalizations was pSS-related organ involvement (44.3%). Infections (17.7%), malignancy (16.5%), endocrine, and various other reasons were the other indications for hospitalization. While male sex (p = 0.005), the presence of extra-glandular involvement (p < 0.001), and interstitial lung disease (p = 0.001) were more common in the hospitalized patients, anti-nuclear antibody positivity was less frequent (p = 0.032). The usage rate of hydroxychloroquine (p = 0.022) was lower in the hospitalized patients, whereas the use of glucocorticoids (p < 0.001) and azathioprine (p = 0.005) was more frequent. The multivariable analyses revealed a relationship between extra-glandular involvement (OR: 4.57 [1.05–19.84], p = 0.043), glucocorticoid use (OR: 3.23 [1.13–9.21], p = 0.028) and hospitalization. Conclusion: pSS-related system involvement and infection accounted for the majority of hospitalizations of the pSS patients. The presence of extra-glandular involvement and glucocorticoid use were found to be associated with hospitalization. Key Points • pSS-related system involvement and infection accounted for the majority of hospitalizations of pSS patients. • The presence of extra-glandular involvement was found to be associated with hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe demographic and clinical characteristics of vascular involvement in patients with Behçet's syndrome (BS) and to evaluate associations with such involvement.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated records of 2118 BS patients. In total, 460 patients diagnosed with superficial thrombophlebitis (ST) and/or major vascular events (venous and/or arterial involvements) were included in current analysis. Isolated ST with no accompanying deep venous thrombosis might be accepted as part of skin involvement; therefore, we defined two different outcomes for vascular involvement ("any vascular event" and "major vascular events") and performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression to assess factors associated with these outcome variables.Results: Overall, 68 (14.8%) patients had isolated ST, and 392 (85.2%) had major vascular events. The mean age of vascular BS was 33.8 (SD: 10.5) years and median follow-up was 13.9 (Q1-Q3: 8.3-22.9) years. The primary sites of major vascular events were deep venous thrombosis (n=358, 77.8%), pulmonary arterial involvement (n=66, 14.3%), extrapulmonary arterial involvement (n=52, 11.3%), and intracardiac thrombosis (n=14, 3.0%), respectively. Male sex was significantly associated with a higher risk for both outcome variables. When it was added to analysis, ST itself was the strongest explanatory variable that was associated with major vascular events in all multivariable models (ORs=11.9, 12.0, 13.0, and 18.9). While HLA-B51 was significantly associated with any vascular event, there was no similar observation for major vascular events.Conclusion: Male sex is a well-known risk factor for major vascular events in BS, but our study established that presence of ST was the strongest risk factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of neuro-Behçet's syndrome (NBS) and to define the factors associated with relapses and poor outcome. Methods: Among 2118 patients with Behçet's syndrome who fulfilled the international study group criteria, 208 (9.8%) patients had NBS. Retrospective data of 125 NBS patients (55.5% male; mean age 37.2 ± 11.8 years) were analysed. We divided patients into two subgroups, either parenchymal (p-NBS) or non-parenchymal (np-NBS), according to international consensus recommendations for NBS. We assessed the predictor factors associated with relapse and poor outcome—which was defined as a modified Rankin score (mRS) ≥ 3 at last follow-up and/or death—using Cox and logistic regression analyses, respectively. Results: In total, 79 (63.2%) patients presented with p-NBS and 46 (36.8%) presented with np-NBS. Ocular involvement was more common in p-NBS than np-NBS (55.7% vs. 37.0%, p = 0.04), whereas vascular involvement excluding cerebral vein thrombosis was more frequent in patients with np-NBS (19.0% vs. 52.2%, p < 0.001). Forty-two patients (33.6%) experienced at least one relapse. Factors associated with relapse were BS diagnosis at a younger age and cranial nerve dysfunction (HR 0.96 95% CI 0.93–0.99 and 2.36 95% CI 1.23–4.52, respectively). After a median of 68 (Q1–Q3: 25–125) months, 23 patients (18.4%) had a poor outcome. Indicators of a poor outcome were higher initial mRS and the progressive p-NBS type (OR 8.28 95% CI 1.04–66.20 and 33.57 95% CI 5.99–188.21, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that clinical characteristics and prognosis differ between NBS subgroups, of which patients with p-NBS have worse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A ring closing metathesis reaction of dienes and a ring closing enyne metathesis reaction derived from allyl, homoallyl and homopropargyl alcohol backbones are described. 2-Heteroaryl substituted allyl, homoallyl and homopropargyl alcohols have been easily and efficiently resolved through enzymatic resolution with high ee (93–99%) and known stereochemistry. Enantiomerically enriched dienes derived from allyl and homoallyl alcohols afforded the corresponding enantiomerically enriched dihydrofuran and dihydropyran derivatives, respectively, with chemical yields which varied between 72% and 88%. On the other hand, enantiomerically enriched enynes derived from homoallyl and homopropargyl alcohols gave the corresponding optically active dihydropyrans with conjugated diene units with chemical yields between 70% and 80%. A subsequent Diels–Alder reaction of the dihydropyran derivatives with a diene unit with tetracyanoethylene resulted in the formation of a diastereomeric dihydroisochromene ring system as the sole product. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background/aim: High mobility group box- 1 (HMGB- 1) is a nuclear protein acting as a proinflammatory molecule. The serum HMGB- 1 levels were found elevated in chronic inflammatory diseases. In this cross-sectional study, serum HMGB- 1 levels in Behcet’s disease (BD) patients and healthy controls (HC) were studied. Also, its association with disease activity scores and clinical findings were evaluated. Materials and methods: Ninety BD patients and 50 age-sex matched HC were included in the study. Disease activity scores were assessed by Behcet Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF) and Behcet Syndrome Activity Score (BSAS). Serum HMGB- 1 levels were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. A p value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Serum HMGB- 1 levels were significantly higher in BD than in HC (43.26 pg/mL and 16.73 pg/mL; p < 0.001, respectively). Serum HMGB- 1 levels were statistically significantly associated with presence of erythema nodosum (EN) and genital ulcers in the last one month prior to recruitment (p = 0.041 and p < 0.001, respectively). BDCAF and BSAS scores were positively correlated with serum HMGB- 1 level ( p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusion: HMGB - 1 may play a role in the development of BD. Also, due to its positive correlation with disease activity indices, it can be used as a novel disease activity parameter in BD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report the clinical characteristics of pulmonary artery involvement (PAI) in patients with Behçet's syndrome (BS) and to define the predictors of relapses. Methods: We performed retrospective analysis of BS patients with PAI who fulfilled international study group criteria. Among 460 patients with vascular Behçet's syndrome (VBS), 66 were diagnosed with PAI. For final analyses, 61 patients with PAI were included who had at least 2 follow-up visits (72.1% male, mean age at BS diagnosis 29.34 ± 10.1 years). The patient data were recorded. Relapse was defined as the reoccurrence of vascular event in any vascular structure. Factors associated with relapse were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: There were no differences considering demographic and clinical features of the patients with and without PAI in the VBS group, except that intracardiac thrombosis was more common in the patients with PAI (19.7% vs 0.3%). Among 61 patients, 50 (82.0%) had isolated pulmonary artery thrombosis (PAT), whereas 11 (18.0%) had pulmonary artery aneurysm with or without PAT. Twenty-four (39.3%) patients experienced vascular relapse during median follow-up of 65.9 (Q1-Q3: 20.1–109.0) months. To define the factors associated with relapses, patients with isolated PAT were analysed. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age at BS diagnosis and anticoagulation usage seemed to be protective (OR: 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–1.02, OR: 0.34, 95% CI 0.09–1.33, respectively). Conclusion: Our results indicate a higher frequency of intracardiac thrombosis in BS patients with PAI and possible efficacy of anticoagulation usage in preventing relapses. Key Points • This study shows that intracardiac and intracranial thromboses are seen more frequently in patients with PAI and the prevalence of pulmonary artery thrombosis has been increasing in the case of PAI. Furthermore, our report indicates that anticoagulation might be effective in preventing further vascular relapses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Dermatomiyozit (DM) ve Polimiyozit (PM), proksimal kas güçsüzlüğü ve kas inflanıasyonuna ait ortak bulgular ile ka-rakterize idiopatik inflanıatuar miyopatilcrdir(l). DM, PM'den farklı olarak, karakteristik dit bulgulan ile ilişkilidir. Cilt ve cilt altı dokuda kalsiyum birikimi ile seyreden kalsinozis kutis, sıklıkla jüvenil DM'de görülen ve glukokortikoid ve/veya inımun-supresif tedavideki gecikme ile ilişkili bir durumdur. Bu çalışmada, yaygın kalsinozis kutis ile seyreden bir erişkin DM olgusu prezente edilmektedir. Olgu: 49 yaşmda kadın hasa, 1995 yılından bu yana DM anısı ile izleniyor. Kombine kortikosteroid ve metotreksat tedavisi ile kas tutul umuna ait bulgulan kontrol altmda olan hasta son 6 aydır hızla artış gösteren, alt altında ele gelen sertlikler nedeni ile polikliniğimize başvurdu. Fizik muayenesinde; kas gücü her iki üst ve alt ckstrcmitclerde 5/5 olmakla birlikte göğüs duvarı, aksi 1-ler alanlar, kollar, kalçalar ve uyluklarda, 10-30 mm arasında değişen büyüklükte, ıııultiple, sert nodüler oluşumlar dikkati çekti. Bu oluşumlara yönelik olarak yapılan ultrason incelemesinde, kemik yapılarda yoğun kaLsifik osteofit formasyonları ve yumuşak dokuda yaygm kalsifikasyonlar dikkati çekti. Çekilen direk grafi-lerinde yaygm dlt-dlt altı kalsifikasyonlar görüldü (Şekil 1 ve 2 PS-166). Yoğun kalsinozis gelişimi bulunan hastanın almakta olduğu immunsupresif tedavi arttırıldı ve ağn palyasyonu sağlandı. Sonuç: DM'in erişkinde nadir görülen cilt bulgularından biri olan kalsinozis kutis; şiddetli ağrı, deri ülserleri ve eklem kontrak-türleri gibi dddi komorbid durumlann gelişimine neden olabilir. Kalsinozis kutis gelişimi için; gecikmiş tedavi ve dddi hastalık durumu bilinen risk faktörleridir. Yetersiz ve/veya düşük etkinlikteki tedaviler de kalsinozis oluşumunun prediktörleri arasında gös-t er ilmektedir. Bazı çalışmalarda erken ve agrcsif tedavinin kalsi-nozis insidansını azalttığı gösterilmiştir (3,4). Tedavisinde; cks-tremitelerde kan akımını arttırmaya yönelik öneriler, travmadan koruma, sigaranın bırakılması, emosyonel stres ve soğuğa maru-ziyetten kaçınma gibi yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri bulunmaktadır. Küçük lczyonlann varfarin, seftriakson ve intravenöz immunglo-lıulin tedavilerine yanıt verdiğini gösteren veriler mevcuttur. Cerrahi eksizyonun yanı sıra bisfbsfbnatlar, dildazcııı ve prolıc-nesid gibi ajanlar büyük lezyonlar için kullanılabilir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Takayasu arteriti (TA) ilk kez 1830'da tanımlanmış, eti-yolojisi bilinmeyen damar duvannda granülomatöz inflamasyon ile karakterize nadir görülen bir vasjkülittir. Genellikle ikinci ve üçüncü dekatlarda en sık görülür ve kadın/erkek oranı coğrafik dağılım gösterir. Tanıda altın Standard konvansiyonel anjiyo-grafi (DSA ) olmakla birlikte invazif bir yöntem olması nedeniyle günümüzde sıklıkla bilgisayarlı tomografi anjiyografi (BTA), magnetik rezonans anjiyografi (MRA), doppler ultraso-nografi ve pozitron emisyon tomografisi (PF.T-BT) kullanılmaktadır. Tedavide immünsupresif ajanlar, endovasküler giri-şiııısel işlemler ve cerrahi yer alır. Bu çalışmanın aırncı kliniğimizde takip edilen TA tamsı olan hastaların demografik ve klinik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Yöntem: 2001-2017 yılları arasında kliniğimize başvuran ve 1990 American College of Rheumatology kriterlerine göre TA tanısı alan hastalar retrospektif olarak incelendi. Toplam 53 TA hastası mevcuttu, kadımerkekoranı 3.8:1 olup ortalama tanı yaşı 44.4 yıl; tanı anında ortalama yaş ise 34.4 yıldır. Tam için en sık kullanılan tanı yöntemleri sırasıyla BTA, MRA, DSA olup sadece bir hasta PET-BT ile tanı almıştır. Tanı anında ortalama sedimentasyon hızı (ESH) 75.1±37.5 mm/saat ve ortalama C-reaktif protein (CRP) düzeyi 62.8±55 mg/L'dir. Hastaların tamamına sistenük steroid tedavisi ile birlikte immünsupresif tedavi başlanmışur. En sık kullanılan immünsupresifler sırasıyla metotreksat, azatiyoprin, leflunomid ve mikofenolat mofetil-dir. Konvansiyonel immünsupresif ile hastalık kontrolü sağlanamayan hastalara biyolojik tedavi başlanmıştır ve en sık tercih edilen biyolojik ajanlar ise sırasıyla tocilizumab, ctancrccpt, inf-lixinıab ve adalinıunıabtır. Klinik ve donıgrafik özellikler Tablo PS-132'de özetlenmiştir. Tedavi ile klinik ve laboratuvar re-misyon gelişme süresi 12.6 aydır. Bulgular vc Sonuç: Kliniğimizde TA ile izlenen hastalanıl ortalama taru yaşı ve cinsiyet dağılımı literatür ile uyumludur. Kliniğimizde tanı için konvaasiyonel anjiyografiden ziyade invazif olmayan görüntüleme yöntemleri tercih edilmiştir. Hastalık remisyo-nu amacıyla birinci basamakta konvaasiyonel immünsupresif tedaviler tercih edilirken dirençli vakalarda biyolojik ajanlar kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak TA nadir görülen ancak ciddi morbidite ve mortaliteye neden olan bir hastalıktır. Erken dönemde tanı konulup oklüzif hastalık gelişmeden tedavi başlanması gerekmektedir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/objectives: Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is usually encountered between the fourth and sixth decades. It is known that the age of onset in autoimmune diseases may affect the clinical features. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of early onset pSS patients. Method: The data of 352 pSS patients were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups as those with the onset age of 35 or younger (early-onset) and those with the onset age of older than 35. The clinical, laboratory, and serological characteristics of the two groups were compared. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Forty patients in the group with an onset age of 35 or younger (11.4%) and 312 patients with an onset age of older than 35 (88.6%) were analyzed. The frequency of skin (22.5% vs 1.9%, p < 0.001) and renal involvement (10% vs 2.2%, p = 0.026) was significantly higher in the early-onset group than the late-onset group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of xerostomia, eye dryness, arthritis, and other systemic involvement. Anti-Ro52 positivity (p = 0.04), elevated serum IgG levels (p = 0.004), and low C4 (p = 0.002) presence were more frequent in the early-onset group. Conclusions: Consequently, it is seen that the clinical phenotype of early-onset pSS patients may be different to those with later onset. Especially the more frequent observation of poor prognostic factors at early-onset ages shows the necessity to monitor these patients more regularly. Key points: • The clinical and laboratory features of patients with early-onset primary Sjogren syndrome may differ from late-onset patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disorder characterized by inflammatory arthritis. Coronary artery diseases (CADs) are important reason for mortality in RA. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is independently related to cardiovascular events in patients with CAD and it could be a sensitive biomarker of disease activity in inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to measure serum PAPP-A level and assess the association with disease activity parameters in patients with RA. Methods: A total of 55 RA patients underwent to clinical (disease activity score-DAS28), laboratory [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein], and ultrasound examinations. RA patients were divided into two subgroups according to their DAS28-ESR; group 1 (DAS-28<3.2), group 2 (DAS28≥3.2), respectively. Forty-four healthy controls were simultaneously studied. Results: The serum PAPP-A levels of the RA patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (0.53±0.17 mIU/L, 0.43±0.15 mIU/L, respectively; p=0.003). Distribution of age and gender between these groups were similar. We found no statistically significant difference between group 1 (n=26) and group 2 (n=29) in PAPP-A levels, 0.53±0.16 and 0.52±0.17 respectively. p=0.88. And also, the data showed no statistically significant relationship between serum PAPP-A levels and disease activity parameters. Conclusion: In conclusion, PAPP-A levels were higher in patients with RA in comparison to controls, but there was no significant correlation with disease activity. Pathophysiological pathways of increased PAPP-A in RA are unclear. Further studies are required to better elucidate the role of PAPP-A level in RA, especially in patients who have concomitant CAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disorder characterized by inflammatory arthritis. Coronary artery diseases (CADs) are important reason for mortality in RA. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is independently related to cardiovascular events in patients with CAD and it could be a sensitive biomarker of disease activity in inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to measure serum PAPP-A level and assess the association with disease activity parameters in patients with RA. Methods: A total of 55 RA patients underwent to clinical (disease activity score-DAS28), laboratory [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein], and ultrasound examinations. RA patients were divided into two subgroups according to their DAS28-ESR; group 1 (DAS-28<3.2), group 2 (DAS28=3.2), respectively. Forty-four healthy controls were simultaneously studied. Results: The serum PAPP-A levels of the RA patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (0.53±0.17 mIU/L, 0.43±0.15 mIU/L, respectively; p=0.003). Distribution of age and gender between these groups were similar. We found no statistically significant difference between group 1 (n=26) and group 2 (n=29) in PAPP-A levels, 0.53±0.16 and 0.52±0.17 respectively. p=0.88. And also, the data showed no statistically significant relationship between serum PAPP-A levels and disease activity parameters. Conclusion: In conclusion, PAPP-A levels were higher in patients with RA in comparison to controls, but there was no significant correlation with disease activity. Pathophysiological pathways of increased PAPP-A in RA are unclear. Further studies are required to better elucidate the role of PAPP-A level in RA, especially in patients who have concomitant CAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/objectives: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and red cell distribution width (RDW) may potentially reflect inflammatory status in systemic autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between these proposed markers and disease manifestations, activity, and severity in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 69 systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and 50 healthy volunteers in a single center. Adult patients with SSc and healthy controls were compared in terms of NLR, MLR, MPV, RDW, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Venous blood samples were drawn after at least 8 h of fasting in the morning. Extension of skin fibrosis was evaluated by using modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). Disease severity and activity were assessed by Medsger disease severity and European Scleroderma Trials and Research Group (EUSTAR) disease activity scores, respectively. Associations of disease manifestations, clinical, laboratory, and capillaroscopic findings, mRSS, and the disease activity and severity scores with the proposed hematological markers were evaluated. Multiple regression models were generated for significant associations. Results: The neutrophil number was higher (p = 0.004) and lymphocyte number was lower (p < 0.001) in SSc group compared to controls. SSc group also had higher NLR, MLR, and RDW. In multiple logistic regression, only the NLR (regression coefficient = 3.49, p = 0.031) and CRP (regression coefficient = 0.17, p = 0.037) remained significantly different between SSc and healthy control groups (Cox and Snell R2 = 0.243, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.337, p < 0.001). NLR and MLR positively correlated with mRSS, EUSTAR score, and CRP. MLR also positively correlated with Medsger score. Higher monocyte counts independently predicted higher EUSTAR and Medsger scores in multiple linear regressions. Patients with digital ulcers had higher NLR and MLR. We did not find any difference in MPV values between SSc and healthy control groups. Conclusions: Globally available and inexpensive hematological tests, particularly the NLR and MLR, may be associated with vascular and cutaneous manifestations as well as disease activity and severity in SSc. Key Points • Monocyte count itself independently predicted higher activity and severity scores in SSc. • Globally available and inexpensive hematological markers, particularly the NLR and MLR, may have an association with vascular and cutaneous manifestations as well as disease activity and severity in patients with SSc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Different source and controlled oxidation of cellulose were first ever compared. • Both cytotoxicity and hemostatic activity increase with oxidation. • ORC indicated better hemostatic performance than non-regenerated cellulose. • Both regeneration and oxidation degree should be considered for clinical utility. Oxidized cellulose is the most used hemostatic materials in clinical applications. In addition to its perfect hemostatic efficiency, it is degradable under in vivo conditions and supremely prevents bacterial growth. On the other hand, one of the drawbacks of the oxidized cellulose is cytotoxicity due to the strongly acidic nature during degradation. There is a number of commercially available oxidized cellulose products which are derived from regenerated and non-regenerated cellulose. On the other hand, the effect of oxidation degree and structure (regenerated or non-regenerated) on product efficiency is undetermined. Moreover, oxidation degree which is primary factor for both bactericidal and hemostatic efficiency is also crucial for assessment of the product. In this study, oxidized cellulose versus oxidized regenerated cellulose microparticles with various oxidation degree was produced and characterized. Comparative studies were conducted in terms of bactericidal and hemostatic efficiencies in addition to cytotoxicity. The results could be a reference for the optimized oxidized cellulose product for the hemostatic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we produced curcumin loaded gelatine microparticles, through spray-drying method, with dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) which is introduced as a new cross-linking agent for drug delivery systems and examined toxicities by comparison of traditional cross-linking agents. We employed various parameters in the production and tried to develop the most efficient drug delivery system through Taguchi method by examining efficiencies on gastric cancer under in vitro conditions. The results indicated gelatine microparticles cross-linked with DCMC offers more biocompatible drug delivery systems. The particle size of the microparticles produced via different parameters varies from 1.926 to 3.357 µm. Curcumin was substantially remained stable after 6 months. This study indicates potential use of DCMC cross-linked gelatine microparticles as drug delivery vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Hernia surgeries are at the top of the general surgery operations. However, visceral adhesion, which is one of the worst complications of these operations, is still a major problem. One of the most preferred methods to prevent adhesion is the use of biomaterials. Polypropylene (PP) mesh is frequently preferred product in clinical applications owing to its mechanically robust structure against deformation within the body. However, PP meshes do not have anti-adhesive properties. Oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC), on the other hand, is one of the most preferred products in preventing the adhesion in clinical use. ORC is not easily processable due to solubility limitations; and it must be used externally. In this study, for the first time, we designed a composite mesh structure with ORC and produced an antibacterial and anti-adhesive double-sided mesh by electro-spinning ORC micro-particles with poly(ε‑caprolactone) (PCL) on PP mesh to form a composite structure. We conducted in vitro cell culture studies to determine bio-compatibility performances. We evaluated the anti-adhesion and comprehensive bio-compatibility studies through in vivo experiments. The results revealed that ORC presence and optimization of ORC degradation by coating with PCL play an important role in adhesion prevention and introduced a product prototype with efficient anti-adhesion properties. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • ORC microparticles containing composite mesh with different ORC ratio were fabricated. • Anti-adhesion capability, biocompatibility and mechanical strength of the ORC containing composite mesh were evaluated. • Considering the anti-adhesion efficiency and in vitro test results, PP/PCL-ORC20 is the best featured composite mesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • ORC is first ever used as a cross-linking agent and also examines its potential in medical applications. • The ORC-crosslinked gelatin microparticles developed is found both biocompatible and efficiently hemostatic. • Better hemostatic performance of Gel-NaORCl material as compared to other NaORC-containing group is established. • Gel-NaORC1 also found to yield better scores of platelets activation than Gel and NaORC alone. Abstract Effective hemostatic materials are of utmost importance for preventing bleeding in emergencies and critical injuries. Combining biodegradability, good hemostatic properties and biocompatibility, gelatin is one of the most reliable materials clinically used for preventing internal bleeding in surgeries and for stopping external hemorrhage. Cross-linking is a useful method for enhancing the absorption capacity of gelatin and for controlling the degradation process. Existing and commonly used aldehyde-containing cross-linking agents lack reliability with respect to the control of hemostatic effect, solubility and toxicity. In this study; gelatin was cross-linked with sodium oxidized regenerated cellulose (NaORC) to produce hemostatic microparticles. The NaORC was used at different ratios; and the studies on hemostatic efficiency and cytotoxicity under in vitro conditions demonstrated rapid arrest of bleeding alongside biocompatibility. These microparticles employing NaORC as a cross-linking agent for the first time demonstrated a unique structure for stopping bleeding with biocompatibility, and opened the way for different forms of cross-linked structures to be used in other biomaterials applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Behçet hastalarında COVID-19 aşılaması, hastalık geçirme durumunu incelemek, Behçet hastalarına ait özelliklerin COVID-19 ile ilgili verilere olan etkisini sorgulamak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Romatoloji Bilim Dalı, Behçet Hastalığı Polikliniği'ne 01.03.2021-01.03.2022 arasında başvurusu olan, Uluslararası Behçet Hastalığı Çalışma Grubu kriterlerine göre Behçet tanısı almış kişiler çalışmaya alındı. Hastalara telefonla veya rutin poliklinik kontrolünde ulaşıldı. Toplam 303 hasta bu çalışmada değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, Behçet hastalığı sorgulaması, COVID-19 aşılaması ve hastalık geçirme öyküsü sorgulandı. COVID-19 PCR test sonucu ve tarihi Halk Sağlığı Yönetim Sistemi (HSYS) üzerinden kontrol edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 303 Behçet hastası alındı. COVID-19 geçiren (n=171) ve geçirmeyen (n=132) iki grup karşılaştırıldı. Bu iki grubun yaş, cinsiyet, klinik özellikleri ve kullandıkları ilaçların karşılaştırması Tablo 1'de verilmiştir. COVID-19 geçiren Behçet hastalarında geçirmeyenlere göre daha sık oranda santral sinir sistemi tutulumu görüldü. İki grup arasında eşlik eden hastalıklar ve sigara kullanımı açısından fark görülmedi. İki grubun aşılama bilgileri Tablo 2'de gösterilmiştir. COVID-19 aşılama sayısının COVID-19 geçirmeyen grupta beklendiği gibi fazla olduğu görüldü. COVID-19 aşı tipinin ise hastalık geçirme açısından bir fark yaratmadığı görüldü. Sonuç: Behçet hastalığı deri, mukoza, göz, eklem, barsak ve santral sinir sistemi tutulumu yapabilen, nedeni tam olarak bilinmeyen sistemik bir vaskülittir. COVID-19 hastalığı Aralık 2019'da Çin'in Wuhan şehrinde nedeni bilinmeyen pnömoni olguları olarak başlamıştır. Behçet hastalığında COVID-19 ile ilgili yapılan az sayıda çalışmadan birinde hastaların %20,5'inde COVID-19 PCR pozitifliği saptanmış, bu hastaların %18,7'sinde akciğer tutulumu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada sigara ve interferon kullanımının COVID-19 PCR pozitiflik oranını azalttığı görülmüş. Çalışmamızda Behçet hastalarında santral sinir sistemi tutulumu dışında, COVID-19 hastalığına yakalanmayı etkileyen klinik veya demografik bir değişken saptanmadı. Santral sinir sistemi tutulumu olanlarda COVID-19 hastalığına yakalanma riski artmıştır. Behçet hastalarında COVID-19 hastalığı geçirmesinde aşılama sayısı öne çıkmaktadır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new peripherally tetra-substituted metallophthalocyanines (MPcs, M=Zn, Co, Ni) bearing the chalcone, (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were synthesized. FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques were utilized for characterization of all the MPcs. Electrochemical, optical and photovoltaic properties of all the MPcs as sensitizers were examined. Electrochemical studies reveal that while the ZnPc (4) and NiPc (6) give only Pc ring-based redox reactions, the CoPc (5) shows redox reactions based on both the central metal and the ring due to the metal 3d orbitals lying between the Pc HOMO and LUMO. The DSSC based on 5 gave the lowest power conversion efficiency (0.51%), perhaps due to the presence of a redox active central metal ion in the core of the complex, which results in a decrease electron transfer in the device. However, cells based on the other complexes including redox inactive central metal ions, which cannot reduce electron transfer, showed reasonable power conversion efficiencies of 1.27% and 1.11% for 4 and 6, respectively. The slight difference between the efficiencies can be attributed to higher molar extinction coefficient and narrower band gap of 4 than 6, which ensure a higher photocurrent and broader light absorption in the visible region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Romatoid artrit ile ilişkili akciğer hastalığı (RA-AH), RA'da sıklıkla saptanan ekstraartiküler bir bulgu olup artmış mortalite ile ilişkilidir. Bugüne kadar yapılan birçok çalışma, RA ilişkili interstisyel akciğer hastalığına (RA-İAH) odaklanmış olup RA'nın diğer akciğer manifestasyonlarını bildiren az sayıda çalışma mevcuttur. Çalışmamızda, RA'lı hastalarda RA-AH sıklığını ve mortalite ile ilişkili faktörleri belirlemeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Ocak 2010-Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında bölümümüze başvuran ve RA için 2010 ACR/EULAR sınıflandırma kriterlerini karşılayan hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bu hastalar arasında en az bir akciğer tomografisi (toraks-BT) olan hastaların görüntüleri hastaların kliniğine kör radyologlar tarafından tekrar incelendi. RA-AH, RA-İAH, hava yolu hastalığı (RA-HYH), romatoid pulmoner nodüller (RA-PN) ve/veya RA ilişkili plevral efüzyon (RA-PE) varlığı olarak tanımlandı. Hastaların klinik, laboratuvar ve tedavi özellikleri, RA-AH'nin her bir alt tipi için kaydedildi. RA-AH tanı tarihi, patolojinin tespit edildiği ilk toraks-BT tarihi olarak kabul edildi. Mortalite ile ilişkili faktörleri değerlendirmek için lojistik regresyon analizi uygulandı. Bulgular: Dokuz bin yedi yüz elli altı RA hastasının 253'ünde (%2,6) RA-AH saptandı. RA-HYH en sık görülen alt tipti ve 119 (%47,0) hastada saptandı. RA-İAH, RA-PN ve RA-PE sırasıyla 107 (%42,3), 70 (%27,7) ve 31 (%12,3) hastada mevcuttu. Hastaların özellikleri Tablo 1'de gösterilmiştir. Altmış bir (%24,1) hastada takipleri boyunca 2 veya daha fazla RA-AH alt tipi birlikteliği vardı. Ortanca takip süresi olan 3,9 (IQR 5,1) yılda toplam 52 (%20,6) hasta öldü ve 5 yıllık sağkalım oranı %81,8 idi. Çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizinde, RA-İAH varlığı, plevral efüzyon ve ileri yaşta RA-AH tanısı almak mortalite ile pozitif olarak ilişkiliydi [odds oranları (OR) sırasıyla 2,28, 3,30 ve 1,04], buna karşılık metotreksat kullanımı ise koruyucuydu (OR 0,40) (Tablo 2). Sonuç: Bu çalışmamızda, RA-AH prevalansının ve mortalitesinin sırasıyla yaklaşık %3 ve %20 olduğunu gösterdik. Bilinen risk faktörleri olan RA-İAH ve ileri yaşın yanı sıra plevral efüzyon olması da mortalite ile ilişkiliydi. Metotreksat alan hastalarda ise mortalite oranları düşüktü. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis and characterization of new metallophthalocyanines (M = Zn, Co (II) and Ni (II)) carrying four new triazole units in peripheral positions was presented in this paper. First, 4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phthalonitrile, 3 , was synthesized. Second, azidomethyl phenyl sulfide, 4 , was added to this structure in order to obtain a triazole unit catalyzed by sodium ascorbate and CuSO 4.5H 2 O in DMSO. Common spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HRMS and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques was used for characterization of synthesized structures. The molecular structure of the phthalonitrile compound 5 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment. Morover, by using HF and B3LYP method and 6–31++g(d,p) basis set, 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts, IR and UV–vis spectrums were theoretically calculated in gas phase for the optimized structure of 5. The obtained FTIR spectra and NMR spectra showed that the desired molecules were synthesized, and mass spectra confirmed these molecules. Electronic absorption spectra have shown that phthalocyanines are non-aggregable molecules. The cyclic voltammetry data of the phthalocyanines has shown that the Pc-6 has two reduction reactions and two oxidation reactions while the Pc-7 and Pc-8 have one reduction reaction and one oxidation reaction. Furthermore, the cobalt(II)phthalocyanine, Pc-7 , was investigated as oxidation catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of 2-mercaptoethanol. Turnover number, initial reaction rate and the oxygen consumption values were found in the catalytic oxidation of 2-mercaptoethanol as 18.09, 0.12 µmol.s−1 and 6.88 µmol.min−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: İnterlöldn (IL)-35, IL-12 ailesinin bir üyesidir. IL-35'in bir anti-inflamatuar sitokin olduğu ve T efektör hücre aktivite-sini başarabildiği bilinmektedir. Primer Sjögren sendromu (pSS) tükürük, lakrimal bezlerin ve ekzokrin glandların lenfosittik infiltrasyonu ile karakterize kronik otoimmun sistemik bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmada pSS'li hastalarda serum IL-35 düzeyi-ıü ve bunun klinik bulgularla potansiyel ilişkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Çalışmaya Ocak-Mayıs 2017 tarihleri arasında 60 pSS, 70 sistemik skleroz (SSc) hastası ve 25 sağlıklı gönüllü dahil edildi. pSS hastalan 2016 ACR/EULAR primer Sjögren sendromu sınıflandırma kriterlerine uygun olarak seçildi. Sistemik tutulumlar fizik inceleme, radyolojik ve girişimsel değerlendirmelerle belirlendi. IL-35 serum düzeyleri ELISA yöntemi ile değerlendirildi (Cloud Clone, Houston, TX, USA). IL-35 düzeyi ile klinik ve laboratuvar parametreler arasında ilişki araştırıldı. P<0.05 değeri anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Primer Sjögren hastalan ile SSc hastalan ve sağlıklı kontroller yaş ve cinsiyet açısından benzer özelliklere sahipti. Serum IL-35 düzeyi pSS grubunda [10.8 (IQR 80) pg/ml], SSc [8.69 (IQR 29.3) pg/ml] ve sağlıklı kontrol grubuna [7.11 (IQR 7.53) pg/ml] oranla anlamlı yüksekti (pcO.OOl) (Şekil PS-110). Pulnıoner, hematolojik, cilt tutulumu olanlar ile olmayanlar karşılaştırıldığında IL-35 seviyelerinin benzer olduğu görüldü (Tablo 1 ve 2 PS-109). IL-35 seviyesi ile ESSPRI (rho=-0.157, p=0.232), ESDAI (rho=-0.102, p=0.437), eritrosit sedimantasyon hızı (rho=0.01, p=0.941) ve CRP (rho=0.045, p=0.737) değerleri arasında anlamlı kooralasyon saptanmadı. Hidroksiklo-rokin (p=0.949), prednizon (p=0.702) ve imnıunsupresif ilaç (azatiopürin, metotreksat ve mikofenalat mofetil) (p=0.868) kullanan ve kullanmayan hastaların serum IL-35 düzeyleri benzerdi. Sonuç: Serum IL-35 seviyesinin , romatoit artrittc hastalık ak-tivitesi ile ters orantılı olduğu, SSc' de pulnıoner fibrozis ile ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamız pSS hastalarının hastalık aktivasyonu ve klinik bulguları ile IL-35 arasındaki ilişkiyi irdeleyen ilk çalışmadır. Elde ettiğimiz sonuçlarda, pSS hastalarında sağlıklı kontrollere oranla IL-35 seviyesi yüksek saptamışken klinik parametreler ile ilişki ortaya koyamadık. Bu veriler pSS patogcnczinc IL-35' in etkisinin olabileceğini düşündürürken, otoimmün hastalıklarda IL-35'in rolünü ve tcrapötik faydalarını keşfetmek için, daha ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Behçet sendronıu (BS), oral aft, genital ülser ve oküler semptomlarla karakterize olan vaskülitik bir süreçtir. BS hastalarında vasküler lezyonlann etyopatogenezi net olmamasma rağmen, bu lezyonlann gelişiminde endotel disfonksiyonunun önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Endotel disfonksiyonu, ate-rosklerozda başlangıç lezyonu olarak kabul edilmektedir ve son çalışmalar, karotis in ti ma ıııedia kalınlığındaki (cIıVIK) artışın endotel disfonksiyonu ile anlamk şekilde ilişkili olduğunu gös-tcrnıektcdir. Bu çalışmada BS hastalarda vasküler tutulum varlığında subklinik ateroskleroz sıklığımn değerlendirilmesini amaçladık. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 100 BS hastası ve 30 sağlıklı gönüllü (SG) hasta dahil edildi. Kardiyovasküler (KV) olaylar, tip 1 veya 2 di-abetes mellitus (DM), kronik böbrek hastalığı, obezite ve malig-nite öyküsü olan katılımcılar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Bilateral cIMK'ler BS hastalannda ve SG'de B-nıode ultrasonografi (US) kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Karotis plağı olanlar ve cIMK ≥19 olanlar ultrasonografik risk (UR+) pozitif olarak tanımlandı. Bulgular: 100 BS hastası (62 kadın, 38 erkek, yaş 45.9± 12), yaş ve cinsiyet benzer 30 sağlıklı kontrol (18 kadın, 41.8±12.2) US ile değerlendirildi. Hastaların ve sağlıklı kontrollerin demografik özellikleri, KV risk faktörleri ve US bulguları Tablo 1 PS-043'de özetlenmiştir. BS'de cIMK, SG'ye göre daha yüksekti (0.78± 0.21'e 0.69±0.13 mm; p=0.006), vasküler tutulum gösteren BS'de cIMK, vasküler olmayan gruba göre daha yüksekti (0.83±0.21 'e 0.75±0.21; p=0.072). UR + ve UR- BS hastalarının hastalık özelliklerinin ve geleneksel KV risk faktörlerinin karşılaştırması Tablo 2 PS-043'de gösterilmiştir. UR + BS hastalannda yaş, vasküler hastalık ve majör organ tutulumu (göz, vasküler, sinir sistemi ve gastrointcstinal tutulumu dahil) anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. Regresyon analizinde yaş ve vasküler hastalığa sahip olmak bağımsız olarak subklinik ateroskleroz ile ilişkiliydi. Sonuç: Bu çalışma vasimler hasta grubunda cIMK ölçümlerinin nonvasküler gruptan daha yüksek olduğunu gösterdi. Diğer vaskülitik tablolarda olduğu gibi behçet hastalarında vasküler tutulum olmasıda benzer şekilde ateroskleroz gelişimi için bağımsız bir risk faktörü olup, US bu KV riski taramada ucuz ve kolay ulaşılabilen bir yöntem olarak bu hastaların izleminde kullanılabilir. Ancak hasta sayımızın azlığı, menapoz gibi fizyolojik KV risk faktörlerinin ekarte edilmemesi çalışmamızın kısıtlayıcı yönleridir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Behçet sendromu (BS), vasküler, nörolojik ve gastrointestinal tutulumu olan multisistemik kronik vaskülitik bir hastalıktır. Daha önceki çalışmalar BS hastalarında damar duvar kalınlığının arttığını göstermiştir. Amacımız BS'de ven duvar kalınlığının (VDDK) damar tutulumu ile ilişkisini irdelemektir. Yöntem: Otuz mukokutanöz BS, 30 vasküler BS, 30 ankilozan spondilit ve 30 sağlıklı kontrol hasta randomize olarak çalışmaya alındı. Kör bir radyolog tarafından alt ekstremize venöz duvar kalınlığı değerlendirilerek kaydedildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan grupların demografik özellikleri Tablo 1'de verilmiştir. Common femoral vende (CFV) VDDK açısından dört grup arasında fark bulunmazken, sağ/sol vena safena magnada VDDK vasküler BS'li hastalarda daha yüksekti. Ancak derin ven olan popliteal vende VDDK ölçümü açısından vasküler Behçet hastaları ile diğer gruplar arasında fark saptanmadı (Tablo 2). Tek taraflı DVT'si olan 12 hastada, etkilenen ile etkilenmeyen VDDK karşılaştırıldı ve iki taraf arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı. Önceki bir çalışmada, BS olanlarda CFV'de VDDK anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunmuştur. Yine vasküler BS'li hastalarda yüzeyel ve derin VDDK, damar tutulumu olmayan Behçet hastaları ve sağlıklı kontrollere göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Çalışmamızda vasküler BS'de tüm yüzeyel damarlarda anlamlı farklılık saptandı. Non-enflamatuvar DVT hastaları ile yapılan bir çalışmada VDDK sağlıklı tarafa göre yüksek olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ancak çalışmamızda vasküler BS hastalarına baktığımızda sağlıklı VDDK da artış gözlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda kökeni bilinmeyen DVT'li hastalarda sağlıklı damarlarda VDDK ölçülmesi belki de BS tanısında bize yol gösterebilir. Yüzeysel damarlarda derin damarlara göre daha yavaş kan akışı, bu damarların enflamatuvar sitokinlere maruz kalma süresini uzatabilir. Bu, yüzeyel VDDK daha belirgin bir artışa neden olabilir. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada BS'li hastalarda damar tutulumunu öngörmek için bir yöntem araştırmak istedik. Vasküler BS olan hastalarda yüzeyel VDDK belirgin bir artış bulduk. Behçet hastalarında yüzeyel VDDK ölçülmesi vasküler tutulumu öngörmede etkili bir yol olabilir. Ayrıca DVT ile başvuran hastalarda sağlıklı VDDK ölçmek bize bu hastada vasküler BS veya non-enflamatuvar durum için yol gösterici olabilir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Behçet Hastalığı (BH), reküren ataklarla seyreden mu-kokutanöz, vasküler, oküler ve eklem bulguları ile karakterize etiyolojisi bilinmeyen inflamatuvar bir hastalıktır. Patogenezin-de interlökin-1 (IL-1) ve IL-18 gibi bir takım sitokinlerin rolü olduğu gösterilmiştir. IL-33, IL-1 süperailesinden bir sitokin olup yapı olarak IL-18'e benzemektedir. IL-33 pleiotropik etkili bir sitokindir. Bazı hastalıklarda pro-inflamatuvar bazılarında ise anti-inflamatuvar etki gösterir. Son yıllarda nötrofil-len-fosit oranının (NLO) ve platelet-lenfosit oranın (PLO) romato-lojik hastalıklarda inflamatuvar aktivitenin değerlendirilmesinde rol oynayabilecekleri gösterilmiştir. Kronik inflamatuvar hastalıklarda şiddetli inflamasyon varlığmda MPV'de düşüklük olduğu gösterilmiştir. BH'da serum IL-33 ve bunun çözünebilir reseptörü olan sST2'nin hastalığın klinik bulguları, hastalık aktivitesi belirteçleri ve hematolojik parametrelerle ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 01.04.2017 ve 21.10.2017 tarihleri arasında Ankara Üniversitesi Multidiscipliner Behçet Polikliniği'ne başvuran toplam 127 BH ve yaş-cinsiyet uyumlu 30 sağlıklı kontrol alınmıştır. Behçet hastalarının klinik bulguları kaydedilmiş, hastalık aktive düzeyleri Behçet Hastalığı Aktivite Ska-lası (BSAS), Behçet Hastahğı Anlık Aktivite Formu (BDCAF), hasta ve doktor Vizüel Analog Skorları (VAS-Pt, VAS-Ph) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaların serum IL-33 ve sST2 düzeyleri ELISA yöntemi çalışılmıştır. Sedimentasyon hızı (ESH), C-reaktif protein (CRP), NLO, PLO ve MPV düzeyleri değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Bulgular: Behçet hastalarının klinik ve demografik özellikleri Tablo 1 SS-30'da özetlenmiştir. Serum IL-33 ve sST2 düzeyleri sağlıklı kontrol grubunda BH grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.001, p<0.001 sırasıyla). BH klinik bulguları ile IL-33 ve sST2 düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki Tablo 2 SS-30'da gösterilmiştir. Hastalık aktiviteleri açısından değerlendirildiğinde ise serum IL-33 ve sST2 düzeyleri ile BSAS, BDCAF, ESH, CRP, NLO ve PLO arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Sonuç: Literatürde BH'da serum IL-33 ve sST2 düzeyleri hak-kındaki çalışmalar çelişkilidir. IL-33, IL-1 ailesinden olmasına rağmen Th-2 aracılı immün yanıtı tetikleyerek IL-4,11-5 ve II-13 düzeylerini artırmakta ve Thl sitokin seviyelerini ise azalt-masma bağlanabilir. Bu durum IL33/sST2 yolağının Behçet hastalığı ile ilişkili olmadığını, hastalık aktivitesinde rolü olmadığını düşündürmektedir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]