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2. Classical Biological Control

Author

Borowiec, Nicolas, Sforza, René F. H., Fauvergue, Xavier, editor, Rusch, Adrien, editor, Barret, Matthieu, editor, Bardin, Marc, editor, Jacquin-Joly, Emmanuelle, editor, Malausa, Thibaut, editor, and Lannou, Christian, editor

Published
2022
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3. Determining the geographic origin of invasive populations of the mealybug Planococcus ficus based on molecular genetic analysis.

Author

Daane, Kent M, Middleton, Mathew C, Sforza, René FH, Kamps-Hughes, Nicholas, Watson, Gillian W, Almeida, Rodrigo PP, Correa, Margarita CG, Downie, Doug A, and Walton, Vaughn M

Subjects
Animals, Ficus, Electron Transport Complex IV, Insect Proteins, Bayes Theorem, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny, Planococcus Insect, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Determining the most likely source of an invasive pest species might help to improve their management by establishing efficient quarantine measures and heading the search of efficient biological control agents. Planococcus ficus is an invasive mealybug pest of vineyards in Argentina, California, Mexico, Peru and South Africa. This mealybug pest had a previously known geographic distribution spanning southern Europe, the Middle East, and parts of northern Africa. In North America, Pl. ficus was first discovered in the early 1990s and soon thereafter in Mexico. To determine the origin of invasive populations in North America, Pl. ficus from California and Mexico were compared with material throughout its presumptive native range in the Mediterranean region, as well as material collected from an older invasion in South Africa and recently invaded Argentina. From each sample location, genomic DNA was sequenced for the nuclear internal transcribed spacer one (ITS1) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c. oxidase one (CO1). Phylogenetic analyses of CO1, ITS1 and concatenated CO1 and ITS1 data-sets using Bayesian and neighbor-joining analysis support two major divisions: a European grouping (Europe, Tunisia, Turkey) and a Middle Eastern grouping (Israel and Egypt). The invasive populations in Argentina and South Africa align with the European group and the invasive populations in North America align with the Middle Eastern group, with one Israel sample aligning closely with the North American clade, suggesting that Israel was the origin of those populations.

Published
2018

8. Anticipating the arrival of a new stinkbug pest in continental Europe: what can we learn from preemptive host specificity tests for biocontrol?

Author

Martel, Guillaume, Hogg, Brian N., and Sforza, René F.H.

Abstract

The egg parasitoid Gryon aetherium Talamas (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is a promising candidate for biocontrol of Bagrada hilaris Burmeister (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the Southwestern USA. Bagrada hilaris is a worldwide invasive pest of crops in the family Brassicaceae. The present study aims to evaluate the parasitoid’s host range in a European context. These tests complement studies underway in California and provide risk information for a potential release of G. aetherium in southern continental Europe where B. hilaris is likely to spread in the future. Of the 11 non-target species tested, four pentatomids were in the physiological host range of G. aetherium: Carpocoris mediterraneus, Dolycoris baccarum, Graphosoma italicum and Ancyrosoma leucogrammes. Parasitism rates on these four species were lower in choice than in no-choice conditions. Surprisingly, the three Eurydema spp. that belong to the same tribe as B. hilaris (Strachiini) and feed on plants in the family Brassicaceae were not parasitized. No parasitism was observed on the cosmopolitan invasive pentatomids Nezara viridula and Halyomorpha halys, nor on the rhopalid Liorhyssus hyalinus. Parasitoids that developed from non-target species were larger than ones developing on B. hilaris and took more time to complete development.

Published
2024
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11. Biology and Management of Mealybugs in Vineyards

Author

Daane, Kent M., Almeida, Rodrigo P. P., Bell, Vaughn A., Walker, James T. S., Botton, Marcos, Fallahzadeh, Majid, Mani, M., Miano, Jose Luis, Sforza, René, Walton, Vaughn M., Zaviezo, Tania, Bostanian, Noubar J., editor, Vincent, Charles, editor, and Isaacs, Rufus, editor

Published
2012
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21. Field Assessment of the Host Range of Aculus mosoniensis (Acari: Eriophyidae), a Biological Control Agent of the Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

Author

Marini, Francesca, primary, Profeta, Erica, additional, Vidović, Biljana, additional, Petanović, Radmila, additional, de Lillo, Enrico, additional, Weyl, Philip, additional, Hinz, Hariet L., additional, Moffat, Chandra E., additional, Bon, Marie-Claude, additional, Cvrković, Tatjana, additional, Kashefi, Javid, additional, Sforza, René F. H., additional, and Cristofaro, Massimo, additional

Published
2021
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22. Field Assessment of the Host Range of Aculus mosoniensis (Acari: Eriophyidae), a Biological Control Agent of the Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

Author

Marini, Francesca, Marini, Francesca, Profeta, Erica, Vidović, Biljana, Petanović, Radmila, de Lillo, Enrico, Weyl, Philip, Hinz, Hariet L., Moffat, Chandra E., Bon, Marie-Claude, Cvrković, Tatjana, Kashefi, Javid, Sforza, René F. H., Cristofaro, Massimo, Marini, Francesca, Marini, Francesca, Profeta, Erica, Vidović, Biljana, Petanović, Radmila, de Lillo, Enrico, Weyl, Philip, Hinz, Hariet L., Moffat, Chandra E., Bon, Marie-Claude, Cvrković, Tatjana, Kashefi, Javid, Sforza, René F. H., and Cristofaro, Massimo

Abstract

Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is a fast-growing deciduous tree native to China, considered a serious invasive species worldwide, with several socio-economic and ecological impacts attributed to it. Chemical and mechanical methods have limited efficacy in its management, and biological controls may offer a suitable and sustainable option. Aculus mosoniensis (Ripka) is an eriophyid mite that has been recorded to attack tree of heaven in 13 European countries. This study aims to explore the host range of this mite by exposing 13 plant species, selected either for their phylogenetic and ecological similarity to the target weed or their economic importance. Shortly after inoculation with the mite, we recorded a quick decrease in mite number on all nontarget species and no sign of mite reproduction. Whereas, after just one month, the population of mites on tree of heaven numbered in the thousands, irrespective of the starting population, and included both adults and juveniles. Significantly, we observed evidence of damage due to the mite only on target plants. Due to the specificity, strong impact on the target, and the ability to increase its population to high levels in a relatively short amount of time, we find A. mosoniensis to be a very promising candidate for the biological control of tree of heaven.

Published
2021

27. Chapitre 3. Quelques exemples de bio-invasions dans le monde

Author

Vidal, Claire, primary, Gauthier, Nathalie, additional, Rochat, Didier, additional, Hérard, Franck, additional, Thiéry, Alain, additional, Vayssières, Jean-François, additional, Dupas, Stéphane, additional, Dangles, Olivier, additional, Silvain, Jean-François, additional, Torres-Leguizamon, Magally, additional, Zeddam, Jean-Louis, additional, Sforza, René, additional, and Desneux, Nicolas, additional

Published
2013
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30. How an egg parasitoid responds to an unusual stinkbug oviposition behavior: the case of Gryon gonikopalense Sharma (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).

Author

Martel, Guillaume, Scirpoli, Francesco, and Sforza, René F. H.

Subjects
OVIPARITY, STINKBUGS, HYMENOPTERA, HEMIPTERA, EGGS, INSECT eggs
Abstract

The phytophagous stinkbug pest Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (= bagrada) buries single eggs in the ground, an exception among pentatomids. To investigate potential biological control strategies to mitigate the pest’s damages, an evaluation of the egg parasitoid Gryon gonikopalense (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) as a biocontrol agent is ongoing. Its ability to detect and parasitize buried bagrada eggs could be a key factor in the short and long-term regulation of bagrada populations in the U.S. However, this foraging ability would be relevant only if bagrada mainly oviposits in the soil and if G. gonikopalense mainly parasitizes buried eggs, which is currently unknown. We assessed the oviposition pattern of bagrada in presence of three host plants (broccoli, white mustard and white rocket) and at three density levels (one, five or fifteen copulae). The prevalent oviposition site of bagrada was in the soil (92% of eggs) with no effect from the host plant neither the bagrada density. Eggs oviposited on mustard were mainly present on the top third, but no distribution pattern was observed on broccoli and white rocket. Gryon gonikopalense preferred parasitizing buried eggs (87% of total parasitism). It was also able to parasitize non-buried eggs whatever their location. Artificially increasing the number of non-buried eggs in the experimental design only resulted in a slight reduction in the parasitism of buried eggs (70%). As a result, this study highlights the relevance of using G. gonikopalense against bagrada as its specific foraging behaviour responds well to the main oviposition behaviour of its host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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31. Biological control of invasive stink bugs: review of global state and future prospects

Author

Conti, Eric, primary, Avila, Gonzalo, additional, Barratt, Barbara, additional, Cingolani, Fernanda, additional, Colazza, Stefano, additional, Guarino, Salvatore, additional, Hoelmer, Kim, additional, Laumann, Raul Alberto, additional, Maistrello, Lara, additional, Martel, Guillaume, additional, Peri, Ezio, additional, Rodriguez‐Saona, Cesar, additional, Rondoni, Gabriele, additional, Rostás, Michael, additional, Roversi, Pio Federico, additional, Sforza, René F.H., additional, Tavella, Luciana, additional, and Wajnberg, Eric, additional

Published
2020
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34. Biological control of invasive stink bugs: review of global state and future prospects.

Author

Conti, Eric, Avila, Gonzalo, Barratt, Barbara, Cingolani, Fernanda, Colazza, Stefano, Guarino, Salvatore, Hoelmer, Kim, Laumann, Raul Alberto, Maistrello, Lara, Martel, Guillaume, Peri, Ezio, Rodriguez‐Saona, Cesar, Rondoni, Gabriele, Rostás, Michael, Roversi, Pio Federico, Sforza, René F.H., Tavella, Luciana, and Wajnberg, Eric

Subjects
STINKBUGS, BROWN marmorated stink bug, BIOLOGICAL control of insects, HEMIPTERA, BIOLOGICAL pest control agents, BIOLOGICAL pest control, INTEGRATED pest control
Abstract

Invasive stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are responsible for high economic losses to agriculture on a global scale. The most important species, dating from recent to old invasions, include Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister), Halyomorpha halys (Stål), Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), Nezara viridula (L.), and Murgantia histrionica (Hahn). Bagrada hilaris, H. halys, and N. viridula are now almost globally distributed. Biological control of these pests faces a complex set of challenges that must be addressed to maintain pest populations below the economic injury level. Several case studies of classical and conservation biological control of invasive stink bugs are reported here. The most common parasitoids in their geographical area of origin are egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae, Encyrtidae, and Eupelmidae). Additionally, native parasitoids of adult stink bugs (Diptera: Tachinidae) have in some cases adapted to the novel hosts in the invaded area and native predators are known to prey on the various instars. Improving the efficacy of biocontrol agents is possible through conservation biological control techniques and exploitation of their chemical ecology. Moreover, integration of biological control with other techniques, such as behavioural manipulation of adult stink bugs and plant resistance, may be a sustainable pest control method within organic farming and integrated pest management programs. However, additional field studies are needed to verify the efficacy of these novel methods and transfer them from research to application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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36. 4th International Symposium on Environmental Weeds and Invasive Plants. Abstracts

Author

Fried, Guillaume, Bon, Marie-Claude, Brundu, Guiseppe, Brunel, Sarah, Chauvel, Bruno, Cheptou, Pierre-Olivier, Hatcher, Paul, Haury, Jacques, Jourdan, Mireille, Kazakou, Elena, Le Bourgeois, Thomas, Mandon-Dalger, Isabelle, Marchante, Hélia, Mekki, Mounir, Müller-Schärer, Heinz, Novak, Stephen, Recasens, Jordi, Sforza, René, Sheppard, Andy, Taleb, Abdelkader, Vitou, Janine, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), European Biological Control Laboratory (EBCL), United States Department of Agriculture - USDA (USA), Università degli Studi di Sassari, European and Mediterranean Plant Protect Org (EPPO), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Reading (UOR), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, European Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Fédération des Conservatoires Botaniques Nationaux, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Boise State University, Universitat de Lleida, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), European Weed Research Society (EWRS). GBR., Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail ( ANSES Maisons-Alfort ), USDA-ARS-EBCL, European and Mediterranean Plant Protect Org ( EPPO ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), University of Reading ( UOR ), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes ( ESE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, invasive plants, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

absent

Published
2014

37. Environmental weeds and invasive plants: program, abstracts, list of participants

Author

Fried, Guillaume (ed.), Bon, Marie-Claude (ed.), Brundu, G. (ed.), Brunel, S. (ed.), Chauvel, Bruno (ed.), Cheptou, Pierre-Olivier (ed.), Hatcher, P.E. (ed.), Jourdan, Mireille (ed.), Kazakou, Elena (ed.), Le Bourgeois, Thomas (ed.), Mandon-Dalger, Isabelle (ed.), Marchante, Hélia (ed.), Mekki, M. (ed.), Müller-Schärer, H. (ed.), Novak, S. (ed.), Recasens, J. (ed.), Sforza, René (ed.), Sheppard, Andy (ed.), Taleb, A. (ed.), and Vitou, Janine (ed.)

Subjects
F40 - Écologie végétale, M40 - Écologie aquatique, H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage
Published
2014

40. How understanding ecological interactions provides tools for conservation biocontrol of the weedy leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula)

Author

Auge, Matthew, Contet, J.M., Le Bourgeois, Thomas, Bon, Marie-Claude, and Sforza, René

Subjects
fungi, food and beverages
Abstract

Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L. subsp. esula, Euphorbiaceae) is a well known invasive species, not only in North America but also in Europe, its native range. Since the 1990s, its invasiveness has been reported in the floodplains of Val de Saône in central-eastern France, which are considered the last and largest European flood-meadows. Growing in dense patches, this latex-rich plant is toxic to cattle when present in cut hay. Annually mowed grasslands are losing their profitability as soon as they are infested. This economic loss may lead to ecological issues such as the shifting of mowed pastures into intensive agriculture (corn) and forestry (poplar). Natural annual floods and various agricultural practices such as mowing and grazing promote a rich floral and faunal diversity, which is protected under the Natura 2000 network. Our project is an original multidisciplinary approach to the study of invasive plant/natural regulator/agricultural practice/biotic factor interactions in two ways: 1) we are determining the biological, genetic, ecological, and agricultural factors triggering leafy spurge invasiveness, and how these factors interact; and 2) we are proposing an integrated biocontrol program combining previously obtained data, by targeting invasive plant/natural regulators interactions, connected with agricultural practices, based upon field and laboratory tests. Preliminary field results show that, as suspected, all factors tested are influencing the plant/insect complex. Mowing has a major impact on shoot density (shoots/m2), increasing it by two times on average. Mowing also negatively impacts the population size of the insect Oberea erythrocephala (Cerambycidae) by suppressing older shoots. This beetle is one of the natural phytophagous regulators of leafy spurge, and aged shoots are its major oviposition substrate. Grazing, including trampling caused by this practice, has an opposite effect, mainly on non-mowed patches that appear to attract cows. Shoot density decreased by 50 to 95% in August. This practice occurs only after O. erythrocephala population and oviposition peaks, reducing the potential impact on the density of its population. The flood factor does not seem to impair plant health. Further studies may show a positive impact on the spread of the seeds.

Published
2013

41. Complexité des interactions au sein de la biocénose

Author

CORCKET, Emmanuel, GIFFARD, Brice, SFORZA, René, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), European Biological Control Laboratory (EBCL), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Nicolas Sauvion (ed. sc.), Paul-André Calatayud (ed. sc.), Denis Thiery (ed. sc.), Frédéric Marion-Poll (ed. sc.), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], [SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT]
Abstract

Chapitre 30; National audience

Published
2013

42. Des ennemis naturels défenseurs des plantes

Author

Sforza, René, Cortesero, Anne-Marie, Coutinot, Dominique, Desneux, Nicolas, Goebel, François-Régis, Kaiser-Arnaud, Laure, Tabone, Elisabeth, European Biological Control Laboratory (EBCL), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Physiologie de l'Insecte : Signalisation et Communication (PISC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G), Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation (LEGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Expérimentale Entomologie et Forêt Méditerranéenne (UEFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nicolas Sauvion (ed. sc.), Paul-André Calatayud (ed. sc.), Denis Thiery (ed. sc.), Frédéric Marion-Poll (ed. sc.), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Insecta, Relation hôte pathogène, lutte biologique, Protection des plantes, Interactions biologiques, Agent de lutte biologique, Variété, parasitoïdes, insectes arthropodes, Lutte anti-insecte, Étude de cas, Parasitoïde, Plante transgénique, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, Plante de culture, protection des cultures
Abstract

chapitre 41; National audience

Published
2013

43. How understanding ecological interactions provides tools for conservation biocontrol of the weedy leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula)

Author

Auge, Matthew, Sforza, René, Bon, M.C., and Le Bourgeois, Thomas

Subjects
F40 - Écologie végétale, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage
Abstract

Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L. subsp. esula, Euphorbiaceae) is a well known invasive species, notonly in North America but also in Europe, its native range. Since the 1990s, its invasiveness has beenreported in the floodplains of Val de Saône in central-eastern France, which are considered the lastand largest European flood-meadows. Growing in dense patches, this latex-rich plant is toxic to cattlewhen present in cut hay. Annually mowed grasslands are losing their profitability as soon as they areinfested. This economic loss may lead to ecological issues such as the shifting of mowed pastures intointensive agriculture (corn) and forestry (poplar). Natural annual floods and various agriculturalpractices such as mowing and grazing promote a rich floral and faunal diversity, which is protectedunder the Natura 2000 network. Our project is an original multidisciplinary approach to the study ofinvasive plant/natural regulator/agricultural practice/biotic factor interactions in two ways: 1) we aredetermining the biological, genetic, ecological, and agricultural factors triggering leafy spurgeinvasiveness, and how these factors interact; and 2) we are proposing an integrated biocontrolprogram combining previously obtained data, by targeting invasive plant/natural regulatorsinteractions, connected with agricultural practices, based upon field and laboratory tests. Preliminaryfield results (Figure 1) show that, as suspected, all factors tested are influencing the plant/insectcomplex. Mowing has a major impact on shoot density (shoots/m2), increasing it by two times onaverage. Mowing also negatively impacts the population size of the insect Oberea erythrocephala(Cerambycidae) by suppressing oldershoots. This beetle is one of thenatural phytophagous regulators ofleafy spurge, and aged shoots are itsmajor oviposition substrate. Grazing,including trampling caused by thispractice, has an opposite effect,mainly on non-mowed patches thatappear to attract cows. Shoot densitydecreased by 50 to 95% in August.This practice occurs only after O.erythrocephala population andoviposition peaks, reducing thepotential impact on the density of itspopulation. The flood factor does notseem to impair plant health. Furtherstudies may show a positive impact onthe increase of shoot density.

Published
2012

45. Lutte biologique par augmentation contre Empoasca vitis au moyen de lâchers d’Anagrus atomus

Author

Sentenac, Gilles, Delvare, Gérard, Sforza, René, Pôle Bourgogne – Beaujolais – Jura – Savoie, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), United States Department of Agriculture, Gilles Sentenac, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

absent

Published
2011

46. Préserver les auxiliaires et favoriser leur activité

Author

Sentenac, Gilles, Kuntzmann , P., Kreiter, Serge, Delvare, Gérard, Sforza, René, Thiery, Denis, Station expérimentale de Beaune, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), European Biological Control Laboratory (EBCL), United States Department of Agriculture - USDA (USA), Santé Végétale (SV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB), Gilles Sentanac, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Subjects
Écologie, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, agrobiodiversité, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Plante sauvage, Méthode de lutte, Conservation des ressources, Agent de lutte biologique, [SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Durabilité, Intensification, Lutte antiravageur, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Impact sur l'environnement, Facteur du milieu, Végétation, F40 - Ecologie végétale, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, Lutte biologique, services écosystémiques, Pesticide, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agroécosystème, Vitis vinifera, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Biodiversité, Plante de culture, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

absent

Published
2011

47. Ploidy Level and Genome Size of Vincetoxicum nigrum and V.rossicum (Apocynaceae), Two Invasive Vines in North Americ

Author

Bon, Marie-Claude, Guermache, Fathia, Rodier-Goud, Marguerite, Bakry, Frédéric, Bourge, Mickael, Dolgovskaya, M., Volkovitsh, M., Sforza, René, Darbyshire, S., and Milbrath, L.

Abstract

Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench (black swallow-wort) and V. rossicum (Kleopow) Barbarich (pale swallow-wort) (Apocynaceae) are perennial vines that are targeted for classical biological control as a result of their massive invasion in natural areas and horticultural nurseries in the U.S. and Canada. Native ranges of V. nigrum and V. rossicum are limited to southwestern Europe and to Ukraine-southwestern Russia, respectively. The evolutionary mechanisms that have facilitated the range expansion since their introduction 150 years ago into North America have yet to be understood. In this study we examine two characteristics of the genome organization, i) the most frequently assessed ploidy level and ii) the variation in genome size, i.e., variation in the amount of DNA per monoploid set of chromosomes through loss or gain of repeated DNA sequences. Both can allow rapid changes in key phenotypic traits that enhance invasive ability. Flow cytometry using propidium iodide for the analysis of genome size variation and chromosome counting using DAPI were conducted on plants sampled from the introduced and native ranges of both species. In V. nigrum, accessions from Southern France and North America were all tetraploid (2n = 4x = 44). In V. rossicum, accessions from Russia and North America were all diploid (2n = 2x = 22). The mean 2C value (±STD) of V. nigrum and V. rossicum is 1.44±0.03pg and 0.71±0.02pg, respectively. This is the first report of genome size for the genus. At the species level, no evidence for genome size variation was found between the two ranges. Our data indicate that the invasive spread of both species was not triggered by differences in ploidy level or genome size between native and introduced populations. Alternative explanations should be sought.

Published
2011

48. DNA markers to disentangle complexes of cryptic taxa in mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Author

Malausa, Thibaut, Fenis, Aurore, Warot, Sylvie, Germain, J.F., Ris, Nicolas, Prado, E., Botton, M., Vanlerberghe-Masutti, Flavie, Sforza, René, Cruaud, C., Couloux, A., Kreiter, Philippe, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité expérimentale de Lutte Biologique (ULB), Laboratoire National de Protection des Végétaux (LNPV), Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, European Biological Control Laboratory (EBCL), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), TIBAULT MALAUSA, INRA, A. FENNIS, INRA, S. WAROT, INRA, J.-F. GERMAIN, LNPV MONTPELLIER, N. RIS, INRA, E. PRADO, EPAMIG, MARCOS BOTTON, CNPUV, F. VANLERBERGHE-MASUTTI, INRA, R. SFORZA, EUROPEAN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LABORATORY, C. CRUAUD, GÉNOSCOPE, A. COULOUX, GÉNOSCOPE, and P. KREITER, INRA.

Subjects
Identificação genética, Caracterização molecular, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Entomologia, DNA, Genética, Marcador Molecular, RIBOSOMAL DNA, COCHENILLE, Cochonilha, PLANOCOCCUS, Inseto, COCCOIDEA, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION, PSEUDOCOCCUS, MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
Abstract

Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are major pests of a wide range of crops and ornamental plants worldwide. Their high degree of morphological similarity makes them difficult to identify and limits their study and management. We aimed to identify a set of markers for the genetic characterization and identification of complexes of taxa in the Pseudococcidae. We surveyed and tested the genetic markers used in previous studies and then identified new markers for particularly relevant genomic regions for which no satisfactory markers were available. We tested all markers on a subset of four taxa distributed worldwide. Five markers were retained after this first screening: two regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene, 28S-D2, the entire internal transcriber space 2 locus and the rpS15-16S region of the primary mealybug endosymbiont Tremblaya princeps. We then assessed the utility of these markers for the characterization and identification of 239 samples from 43 sites in France and Brazil. The five markers studied (i) successfully distinguished all species identified by morphological examination, (ii) disentangled complexes of species by revealing intraspecific genetic variation and identified a set of closely related taxa for which taxonomic status requires clarification through further studies, and (iii) facilitated the inference of phylogenetic relationships between the characterized taxa. Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-26T21:35:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BottonJAppliedEntomology2011.pdf: 351568 bytes, checksum: 04d74b3335f6d82ee407dbd92754338e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-31

Published
2011

49. Parasitisme naturel des cochenilles

Author

Sentenac, Gilles, Sforza, René, Kuntzmann, Philippe, Delvare, Gérard, Pôle Bourgogne – Beaujolais – Jura – Savoie, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), United States Department of Agriculture, Pôle Alsace, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Gilles Sentenac, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte

Subjects
Parthenolecanium corni, Planococcus ficus, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Anagyrus, Parasitisme, Coccoidea, [SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Agent de lutte biologique, Pulvinaria, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Planococcus, Parthenolecanium, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Parasitoïde, Metaphycus, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, Lutte biologique, Agroécosystème, Vitis vinifera, Encyrtidae, Phenacoccus, Chamaemyiidae
Abstract

absent

Published
2011

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