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BackgroundLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common non-motor symptoms but are often overlooked in Parkinson's disease (PD). The prevalence of LUTS in PD is inconsistent among different studies.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of LUTS, urinary incontinence, and urinary retention in PD patients, then, investigate potential sources of inconsistency in prevalence estimation.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from inception to May 2022. Studies reporting the prevalence of LUTS or LUTS subtypes in PD were included. Pooled prevalence of LUTS, LUTS subtypes, urinary incontinence, and urinary retention was calculated via random-effects models. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsOf 7,358 studies after duplicate removal, a total of 73 studies comprising 14,937 PD patients were included. The pooled prevalence of LUTS was 61% (95% CI 53–69; 27 studies; n = 5,179), while the pooled prevalence of storage symptoms and voiding symptoms was 59% (44–73; 9 studies; n = 798) and 24% (14–33; 11 studies; n = 886), respectively. The pooled prevalence of urinary incontinence, retention and post-void residual (PVR) volume ≥ 100 ml were 30% (95% CI 22–39; 21 studies; n = 6,054), 27% (17–37; 14 studies; n = 1,991), and 4% (1–7; 5 studies; n = 439), respectively. The prevalence of LUTS, urinary incontinence, or urinary retention was significantly associated with diagnostic methods.ConclusionLUTS and its subtypes present in a significant proportion of PD patients. It is necessary to use standardized and validated methods to detect and screen LUTS and its subtypes.Systematic review registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022311233, Identifier: CRD42022311233.

The nickel-based catalyst was more active in the reverse water-gas shift reaction, but it is easy to sinter and deactivate in high temperature reaction (≥600 °C). A urea-assisted impregnation method was utilized to create a Ni/SiO2-N catalyst to increase the catalytic stability of Ni-based catalysts. For at least 20 h, the Ni/SiO2-N catalyst in the reverse water-gas shift process at 700 °C remained stable, and in the high temperature RWGS reaction, the conversion rate of CO2 of the catalyst is close to the equilibrium conversion rate. The catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, H2-TPR, and TEM, and the results demonstrate that the Ni particles had a small particle size and exhibited strong interaction with the SiO2 support in the Ni/SiO2-N catalyst, which led to the catalyst’s good activity and stability. Urea-assisted impregnation is a facile method to prepare stable Ni/SiO2 catalysts with high Ni dispersion.

In order to study the mechanism of post-stroke depression (PSD), we used diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) to describe the changes in white matter (WM) microstructure in PSD patients, to investigate the association between WM damage in limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic (LCSPT) circuit and PSD, and the utility of DKI in the diagnosis of PSD.Fifty-eight participants were divided into different groups: control group (n=20), stroke patients without depression (Non-PSD, n=21) and PSD group (n=17). All were taken DKI scans. The WM of bilateral superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, the anterior and posterior limb of internal capsule, the genu and splenium of corpus callosum were selected as the regions of interest (ROI) and selected mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (RK), axial kurtosis (AK) as the DKI parameters.Compared with control and Non-PSD, MK of PSD group in bilateral superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, temporal lobe and the genu of corpus callosum were decreased significantly, as well as the RK in left superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus and temporal lobe. But there was no significant difference in AK. Besides, the decrease in MK and RK in frontal and temporal lobe was negatively associated with the severity of PSD.Our research indicated that the damage to WM microstructure in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and the genu of corpus callosum may be related toPSD. DKI explores the microstructural changes of WM in PSD patients and may be an auxiliary diagnostic method for PSD.

Ni catalysts tend to easily undergo methanation and metal sintering at high temperatures during the CO2 hydrogenation reaction. Herein, Ni2P, a typical kind of transition metal phosphide, had been demonstrated to be efficient for use in the reverse water gas (RWGS) reaction. Under weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) values of 150 000 and 300 000 mL g−1 h−1, the Ni2P/CeO2 catalyst presented a high CO selectivity, better than that of the conventional Ni/CeO2 catalyst. The activity was also well maintained in a 20 h stability test. Detailed physicochemical characterization proved that the moderate adsorption strength of CO2, as well as more strong adsorption active sites for H2 on the Ni2P/CeO2 surface, prevented the CO2 from further hydrogenating to CH4, which accounted for the remarkable CO selectivity and stability of the CO2 RWGS reaction.

Both interference alignment (IA) and interference neutralization (IN) are exploited for coordinated multi-point (CoMP) communications. With the cooperation of the base station (BS), a transmit precoder and a receive filter are jointly designed, and concurrent transmissions of multiple data streams are then enabled. In the design of a precoder, the IN is applied to the interferences carrying the same data so as to align the interfering signals in the opposite direction in a subspace. On the other hand, for interferences carrying different information, IA is employed to align them in the same direction in a subspace, thus reducing the interference signal observed at the receiver side. Based on different precoding schemes at the transmitter’s side, receivers adopt zero forcing (ZF) so as to recover the desired data. The proposed IA- and IN-based CoMP (IAN-CoMP) mechanism can achieve effective interference cancellation and suppression by exploiting limited and flexible collaboration at the BS side. It can also make a flexible tradeoff between the cooperation overhead and the system’s achievable degrees of freedom (DoFs). We extend the mechanism to general cases where the antenna configurations at both the transmitter and receiver sides, the number of transmitters participating in CoMP, and that of simultaneously served users are variable. Moreover, we discuss both single-location and multi-location-based realizations of the IAN-CoMP. Finally, by defining the average transmit and receive cooperation order, we analyze the upper bound for IAN-CoMP. Our in-depth simulation shows that the IAN-CoMP can significantly improve the spectral efficiency (SE) for cell-edge users.

The aim of our study is to determine the pathological changes of white matter microstructure in patients with early post-stroke depression (PSD), and to investigate the association between white matter integrity examined by diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and early PSD. Thirty-eight patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected, including 17 patients with depression (PSD group), and 21 patients without depression (N-PSD group). In addition, 20 normal healthy controls (NORM group) were selected. All were taken DKI scans. The white matter of the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, anterior limb of internal capsule, and posterior limb of internal capsule, in addition to the genu of corpus callosum and splenium of corpus callosum was selected as a region of interest (ROI). Selected parameters include fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean kurtosis (MK). Compared with N-PSD group and NORM group, FA value of the left frontal lobe and MK value of the bilateral frontal lobe, bilateral temporal lobe, and genu of corpus callosum in PSD group were decreased (P

Between 42% and 77% of patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) suffer from pancreatic carcinoma (PC).To analyse the clinical efficacy of stenting accompanied by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation in patients with distal MBO from PC.Relevant articles published through March 2021 were identified in the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang, VIP, and CNKI databases. RevMan v5.3 and Stata v12.0 were used for the meta-analysis.Twenty-nine articles were initially identified, and 5 of these were eventually included. These articles described 142 patients who underwent biliary stenting alone and 132 patients who underwent biliary stenting with HIFU ablation. The pooled Δ total bilirubin (TBIL) values were comparable between the 2 treatment groups (Stenting with HIFU ablation increased both stent patency and overall survival in patients with distal MBO caused by PC compared to stenting alone.

Ni catalysts tend to easily undergo methanation and metal sintering at high temperatures during the CO

The micro-pore structure and occurrence state of organic matter in tight rocks are two important factors to decipher the origin of tight oil reservoirs. With the laser confocal scanning microscopy (LSCM) technique, we use an Argon laser excitation of 488 nm wavelength and a two-photon laser excitation of 768 nm wavelength to respectively examine and establish the standard spectrograms of the minerals, crude oil and its light and heavy hydrocarbon components. Quantitative examination and three-dimensional images of the micro-pore structures and distribution of organic matter in the tight rocks (including siltstone and mudstone) are conducted in the Songliao Basin, NE China. In the siltstone, the content of light hydrocarbon components in crude oil is more than that of heavy hydrocarbon components. The light components mainly occur in intergranular pores, cracks and fractures with a pore radius size of 1.3–37.3 μm. The volume fraction of light components is 14.8% and the hydrocarbon-bearing conditions are advantageous. In the mudstone, however, the distribution of organic matters with different components of source rock is inhomogeneous. The organic matters occurring in the calcite vein in the mudstone are light hydrocarbon components of crude oil, whereas the algae enrichment layer in the mudstone mainly contains heavy hydrocarbon components of crude oil. The generated hydrocarbon from the algae enrichment layer is expelled into the calcite vein. The mudstone is therefore the major contributor to oil source and reservoir for the hydrocarbon generation in the Songliao Basin. Our results provide microscopic evidence for migration and accumulation patterns of hydrocarbon in tight rocks and will have significant applications for further petroleum exploration and exploitation.

Sintering and carbon deposition are the two main ways to deactivate Ni-based catalysts during methane reforming. Herein, a stable Ni-CeO2/SiO2(CSC) catalyst was prepared by a one-step colloidal solution combustion method (CSC) and used for dry reforming of methane. In the catalyst, the small Ni particles were confined by CeO2 particles and highly dispersed on the surface of SiO2, forming a spatial confinement structure with a rich Ni-CeO2 interface in the catalyst. The Ni-CeO2/SiO2(CSC) catalyst prepared by the one-step CSC method exhibited superior activity at 700 °C during dry reforming of methane, and the performance of the catalyst was stable after 20 h of reaction with only a small amount of carbon deposition present (1.8%). Due to the spatial confinement effect, Ni was stable and less than 5 nm during reaction. The small Ni particle size and rich Ni-CeO2 interface reduced the rate of carbon deposition. This colloidal combustion method could be applied to prepare stable metal-based catalysts with rich metal–oxide interfaces for high-temperature reactions.

Background Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with aberrant immune responses to specific β-cell autoantigens, resulting in insulin deficiency. The problems encountered by caregivers and patients in home-based management of it were analyzed based on data collected from the T1DM Doctor-Patient Communication WeChat platform at a single children's hospital in Shanghai, China. Methods A qualitative study using conventional content analysis was conducted. We collected data from WeChat to conduct this phenomenological research. The questions and comments from parents (or primary caregivers) on home-based health management were analyzed to identify common themes and content. Results Total 10,938 original messages sent by 104 parents of pediatric T1MD patients were collected. Five themes were emerged in this study: insulin use, nutritional management, exercise management, medication management, and caregiver burden management. Conclusions Family members are the main providers of home-based disease and health management for pediatric T1DM patients in China. These caregivers need to handle a diverse variety of problems related to health management, including adjustment of insulin use in case of abnormal blood glucose level, poor nutritional control and management, control of exercise amount and time, drug selection, combined use of different drugs, and the burden on their own psychological well-being. Professional health guidance to address these problems is needed to strengthen home-based disease and health management of T1DM in China.

Ni2P catalysts supported on amorphous silica-alumina (ASA) with various Si/Al molar ratios (n) of ∞, 3.40, 1.28, 0.57, 0.21, 0.10 and 0, were prepared using a co-impregnation method followed by temperature-programmed reduction. The resultant Ni2P/ASA-n catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption and desorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed ammonia desorption (NH3-TPD) and FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine (Py-IR). The catalytic properties were tested towards naphthalene hydrogenation, isomerization and ring opening in a fixed bed reactor under the following reaction conditions of P = 4 MPa, LHSV = 3 h−1, H2/oil = 600 volume ratio and T = 360 °C. It is found that the superior naphthalene hydrogenation ability was obtained over the Ni2P/ASA-0.57 catalyst, while higher isomerization and ring opening activity were achieved using Ni2P/ASA-0.21 as the catalyst. It is concluded that the high naphthalene hydrogenation capacity is relevant to the small Ni2P particle size and the isomerization and ring opening activity mainly depends on the acid amount of catalyst.

Although the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) has been shown to be critically involved in the transformation and progression of various tumors, little is known about the role of eIF4E in retinoblastoma. In this work, we report that ribavirin, a pharmacologic inhibitor of eIF4E function, effectively targets retinoblastoma and angiogenesis. Ribavirin treatment dose-dependently blocked the growth and stimulated apoptosis in various retinoblastoma cell lines, with IC50 values that are within the clinically achievable range. Ribavirin also significantly inhibited angiogenesis via disrupting capillary network formation and suppressing VEGF-induced migration, proliferation and survival of human retinal endothelial cells. In addition, ribavirin significantly augments chemotherapy agent's inhibitory effects in retinoblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ribavirin inhibited eIF4E function in retinoblastoma cells as shown by the decreased protein levels of Cyclin D1, c-Myc and VEGF without affecting their mRNA expression. Overexpression of the wildtype and phosphormimetic but not the nonphosphorylatable form of eIF4E significantly abolished the inhibitory effects of ribavirin, further demonstrating eIF4E as the target of ribavirin. Genetic knockdown of eIF4E using two independent siRNAs mirrored ribavirin's effects, confirming the role of eIF4E in retinoblastoma growth, survival and response to chemotherapy. Our findings provide a preclinical rationale to explore ribavirin as a strategy to treat retinoblastoma and highlight the therapeutic value of targeting eIF4E in retinoblastoma.

Background: Marchiafava-Bignami Disease (MBD) is a alcohol-related disorder, its acute form is rather rare that is characterized by acute edema and demyelination of the corpus callosum, manifested as severe disorder of consciousness like coma, which can be accompanied by an increase in muscle tone. Case presentation: We report a 57-year-old man with a 40-year history of chronic and heavy alcohol abuse who progressively developed bilateral lower limb weakness and slurred speech for 3 days. On admission, neurological examination revealed abnormal mental status and cognitive deficits. His left nasolabial groove appeared shallow. The muscle power of the bilateral upper and lower limbs was only grade 4+ with lead-pipe rigidity of muscle. Deep tendon reflexes in the lower limbs were increased, and babinski reflexes were positive bilaterally ，and negative Hoffmann reflexes and the forced grasp reflex . He was diagnosed with erosive gastritis two years ago without any treatment. The immediate brain computed tomography(CT) showed hypodensity in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, which suggested an acute cerebrovascular disease, however, the laboratory tests were almost normal except for decreased serum level of folic acid (7.63mmol/L; normal range 11.8-56.2mmol/L), and MRI revealed bilateral hyperintensity on T2 , T2 FLAIR and DWI in the entire corpus callosum, with corresponding hypointensity on ADC images . Based on his medical history, physical examination, and imaging features, the definitive diagnosis of acute MBD was reasonable. But after nearly 5 months of treatment, the symptoms did not relieve significantly, which could be attributed to entire callosal lesion etc. Conclusions: MBD is mainly caused by chronic alcoholism. MRI findings, especially the DWI sequence, are critical for the early diagnosis of MBD in the acute stage, which prevent disease progression from irreversible callosal lesion.

Infection by the globally distributed pathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.) Ces. et de Not. causes bot canker on the stems, branches and limbs or causes fruit ring rot (FRR) on the fruit in apple. To investigate the relationship between resistance to bot canker and FRR and among resistance mechanisms in response to different pathogen isolates, 34 major gene loci and six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for bot canker and FRR resistance/susceptibility were genetically mapped on Malus genome using an F1 hybrid population (Jonathan × Golden Delicious) in 2008 and 2009. None of the QTLs for bot canker and FRR overlapped with the region of the major gene loci. Some of the FRR- and bot canker-associated loci either coincided or overlapped, and some were independent, suggesting that the responses of different organs to the pathogen would be correlated but might deviate from each other. Some major gene loci and QTLs associated with different pathogen isolates of bot canker or, FRR were mapped to different regions of the genome. The results indicated that not only did the resistance mechanisms differ between bot canker and FRR but also that genetic differentiation occurred among pathogen isolates.

"Ant tribe" is a unique group emerges during social transition in China. Due to their large quantity, poor livingcondition and high education level, more and more attention has been paid to them by policy makers and researchers.In the current study, we analyzed the characteristics of their social support network based on a network survey on"ant tribe" in Xiaoyuehe district, Beijing. We found that the social network connectivity of "ant tribe" was weak; thenetwork structure was unstable; some key persons had salient and dominant influence in social interaction; a lot ofcomponents existed in the network. Implications for policy makers and other vulnerable groups are discussed.

A novel water-drop-shaped monopole antenna that is based on the model from nature is designed to realize ultra-wideband (UWB). Its UWB-related characteristics are simulated and experimentally verified. The results show that the proposed antenna has good radiation performances, which illuminates the structure is a good candidate for antenna design. Method of designing antenna using the model from nature will serve as a good candidate for the future antenna design. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26161

A novel broadband circular microstrip antenna with two pairs of slots is proposed in this paper. Due to the two pairs of embedded slots in the circular patch, two resonant modes of similar radiation characteristics are found to be excited. The two closely excited resonant modes can cause the enhancement of the impedance bandwidth of the proposed circular microstrip antenna. The proposed antenna design and obtained broadband performance are presented. The measured bandwidth of 15.2% is achieved with small sizes, and the good radiation characteristic for operating frequencies within the impedance bandwidth is also observed.

Based on an extensive collection of information and experimental data, this paper studied the carbon cycle in ten kinds of forest ecosystem in Guangzhou, China, aimed to explore the carbon cycling patterns in, southern subtropical forest ecosystems. For the test ecosystems, their carbon density ranged from 108.35 to 151.85 t C x hm(-2), with 10. 85-48.86 t C x hm(-2) in tree layer and 87.74-99.01 t C x hm(-2) in soil layer (0-60 cm), being lower than the national average. There were 4. 41-9. 15 t C x hm(-2) x a(-1) flowed from atmosphere to vegetation stratum, 0. 74-2.06 t C x hm(-2) x a(-1) from vegetation stratum to soil, and 3.94-5.42 t C x hm(-2) x a(-1) from soil to atmosphere, i.e., the forest systems absorbed 0.47-4.97 t C x hm(-2) x a(-1) from atmosphere. The net ecosystem production (NEP) varied with forest stand, being higher for broadleaved forest than coniferous forest, mixed forest than pure forest, and natural secondary forest than artificial forest.