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BackgroundCerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are intricate vascular anomalies that disrupt normal cerebral blood flow, potentially leading to severe neurological complications. Although the pathology of AVMs is not fully understood, epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in their formation.MethodsTranscriptional differences between cerebral AVMs and normal tissues were analyzed using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), identifying IGF2BP2 as a key differentially expressed gene. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, integrating multi-omics data such as RNA-seq and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq), was employed to identify the downstream target gene of IGF2BP2. The roles of specific genes in vascular development were assessed using endothelial cell cultures and zebrafish models.ResultsOur analysis of RNA-seq data from cerebral AVMs and normal tissues identified IGF2BP2, a key N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader, as significantly downregulated in cerebral AVMs. Functional studies showed that IGF2BP2 knockdown resulted in abnormal angiogenesis in endothelial cells and disrupted vascular development in zebrafish models. Mechanistically, IGF2BP2 regulates LGALS8 expression by modulating mRNA stability through m6A modification, and LGALS8 deficiency severely impairs angiogenesis in vitro and leads to cerebrovascular dysplasia in vivo.ConclusionOur findings suggest that IGF2BP2, via m6A-dependent regulation of LGALS8, is crucial for vascular development and presents potential targets for therapeutic intervention in cerebral AVMs.

Emotional intelligence significantly influences various aspects of teachers’ professional and personal lives, notably affecting preschoolers’ social skills and emotional development during formative years. This study utilizes a network analysis approach to explore the complex relationships among four components of emotional intelligence: emotional labor, emotional regulation, professional well-being, and professional identity. Participants included 2069 frontline Chinese teachers (34 males, 2035 females; M = 28.64, SD = 5.98; M years of teaching = 6.88, SD = 5.29) with no leadership roles, categorized into three stages of their careers based on years of teaching experience: novice (0–3 years; n = 612), advanced beginners (4–6 years; n = 537), and competent (7–40 years; n = 920). Findings revealed that joy of teaching, role value, and professional value were identified as the most critical elements within the emotional state network of early childhood education teachers. The strongest connections in teachers’ emotional networks were found between school connectedness and joy of teaching (r = 0.474), surface acting behavior and natural acting behavior (r = 0.419), and professional value and professional behavior (r = 0.372). Furthermore, teachers across different career stages exhibited similar characteristics and intrinsic connections among emotional state components. These findings deepen our understanding of the emotional state networks of ECE teachers, highlighting shared features and interconnected mechanisms, and suggest that enhancing teachers’ emotional intelligence through targeted professional development can improve both teacher well-being and preschoolers’ social–emotional outcomes. Policies that foster strong school connectedness and reduce emotional labor are key to promoting sustained joy in teaching, particularly for novice and advanced beginner teachers.

Prevalence of psychological symptoms among Chinese university students is relatively high globally, and most students cannot receive timely treatment. Therefore, exploring protective factors for these symptoms is crucial. In this study, the aim was to examine the independent and joint associations of physical activity (PA) and mindfulness with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and internet addiction. Due to the simplicity of implementation in a university context, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in China in 2022. Participants were recruited through online advertisements, in which 710 Chinese university students met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. Participants were then classified into four groups according to their PA and mindfulness levels. Adjusted nominal logistic regression models controlled for age and sex were fitted to examine the independent and joint associations of PA and mindfulness with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and internet addiction. When examined independently, high PA was associated with lower odds of depressive, anxiety, and internet addiction symptoms, while high mindfulness was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms. When examining the joint effect, compared to students with low PA and low mindfulness, those with high PA and low mindfulness had a lower risk of depressive and internet addiction symptoms, while students with high PA and high mindfulness reported the lowest odds of depressive, anxiety, and internet addiction symptoms. The current study found that a combination of PA and mindfulness was associated with a lower risk of psychological symptoms. Future studies are suggested to confirm the joint effects of PA and mindfulness on mental health using experiment design.

In order to understand the distribution, occurrence forms, and influencing factors of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) in soil aggregates, a five-step extraction method was used to determine their forms in soil aggregates of different sizes in a mountainous area of northern Hebei Province. The ecological risk was evaluated using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and primary and secondary comparison value method (RSP). Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to identify the main factors affecting the distribution and morphology of Cr, Ni, and Cu in soil. The results showed that in vertical distribution, Cr, Ni, and Cu were concentrated in the surface soil, but there was no clear relationship between soil depth and heavy metal content. The distribution characteristics revealed that Cr, Ni, and Cu in soils mainly existed in relatively stable Fe-Mn oxides and residue states, and their morphology in aggregates did not vary considerably with particle size. Furthermore, the RSP results showed that the pollution risk of Cr, Ni, and Cu was higher, with Cr and Ni posing the highest risk in the 0.5–1 mm and 1–2 mm particle size ranges. The RDA results showed that available phosphorus and soil organic matter (SOM) were the main factors that caused the characteristic difference of 1–2 mm aggregate components. Additionally, hydrolyzed nitrogen, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and calcium exchange have positive effects on the residual state of Cr. For Ni, SOM, CEC and exchangeable calcium have positive effects on the binding state of Fe and Mn oxides and carbonate. For Cu, CEC and exchangeable calcium are the key factors that cause the morphological differences of aggregates. Based on the above results, a theoretical basis has been provided for the prevention and control of pollution in the subsequent research area.

Inheritance and mutations are important factors affecting grape phenolic composition. To investigate the inter- and intra-varietal differences in polyphenolic compounds among grapes and wines, 27 clones belonging to eight varieties of Vitis vinifera L. were studied over two consecutive years. A total of 24 polyphenols (nine anthocyanins, three flavanols, five flavonols, and seven phenolic acids) were analyzed, and the physicochemical parameters of the grapes and wines were determined. Polyphenol profiles showed significant varietal and clonal polymorphisms, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-O- glucoside, and epicatechin were identified as key biomarkers distinguishing different grapes and wines when using an orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Further multivariate analysis classified these genotypes into three subclasses, and a somatic variant of ‘Malbec’, MBVCR6, had the most abundant polyphenolic compounds that were related to the titratable acid content. The current results reveal that varietal and clonal variations are important for obtaining wines with high polyphenol content.

Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are important in giving grape a fresh and green aroma. But the changes in GLVs during the phenological development of grapevines are not well known. This study analyzed the GLVs and transcription levels of associated biosynthetic genes in six grape species from the Loess Plateau region at five stages of maturation. Thirteen GLVs were detected, showing unique patterns for each grape type at various growth phases. The primary components in six grapes were (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, and hexanal. With the exception of Cabernet Franc in 2019, the overall GLV contents of the six types generally increased during growth and development, peaking or stabilizing at harvest. And Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Gernischt, and Cabernet Sauvignon exhibited higher total contents among the varieties. PLS-DA analysis revealed 3-hexenal’s high VIP scores across two years, underscoring its critical role in grape variety classification. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between the levels of hexanal, 1-hexanol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, nonanal, and (E, E)-2,6-nonadienal and the expression of VvHPL and VvAAT genes in the LOX-HPL pathway. Specifically, VvHPL emerges as a potential candidate gene responsible for species–specific differences in GLV compounds. Comprehending the changing patterns in the biosynthesis and accumulation of GLVs offers viticulturists and enologists the opportunity to devise targeted strategies for improving the aromatic profile of grapes and wines.

Classroom walkthroughs are a widely used strategy for school improvement, varying over contexts and times. This study aims to explore the Chinese model of classroom walkthroughs in early childhood settings (ECS) during the COVID-19 lockdowns through a triangulated qualitative study. First, a group of ECS leaders (N = 15; Myear of teaching experience = 18.87, SD = 7.74, range = 6–33 years) and a group of teachers (N = 15; Myear of teaching experience = 8.40, SD = 3.96, range = 3–19 years) were interviewed in early 2022, and leaders’ observations notes were reviewed. The interview data were transcribed, recoded, and analyzed using an inductive approach, and the walkthrough documents were examined as a triangulation. Four themes and 13 subthemes emerged from the interview data: content, pedagogical skills, tasks, and challenges pertaining to classroom walk-throughs. Two major challenges against efficient classroom walkthroughs during the COVID-19 lockdowns were found: building community and feeding forward. Based on the results, a Chinese model of classroom walkthrough was proposed. Implications for quality improvement were also addressed.

General linear modeling (GLM) has been widely employed to estimate the hemodynamic changes observed by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology, which are found to be nonlinear rather than linear, however. Therefore, GLM might not be appropriate for modeling the hemodynamic changes evoked by cognitive processing in developmental neurocognitive studies. There is an urgent need to identify a better statistical model to fit into the nonlinear fNIRS data. This study addressed this need by developing a quadratic equation model to reanalyze the existing fNIRS data (N = 38, Mage = 5.0 years, SD = 0.69 years, 17 girls) collected from the mixed-order design Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task and verified the model with a new set of data with the Habit-DisHabit design. First, comparing the quadratic and cubic modeling results of the mixed-order design data indicated that the proposed quadratic equation was better than GLM and cubic regression to model the oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) changes in this task. Second, applying this quadratic model with the Habit-DisHabit design data verified its suitability and indicated that the new design was more effective in identifying the neural correlates of cognitive shifting than the mixed-order design. These findings jointly indicate that Habit-DisHabit Design with a quadratic equation might better model the hemodynamic changes in preschoolers during the DCCS task.

Mindfulness training has been found to enable cognitive and emotional awareness and diminish emotional distraction and cognitive rigidity. However, the existing intervention studies have largely focused on school children, adolescents, and adults, leaving young children unexplored. This study examined the influence of mindfulness training on young children using the one-group pretest-posttest design. Altogether 31 Chinese preschoolers (Mage = 67.03 months, SD = 4.25) enrolled in a 5-week, twice-per-week mindfulness training. Their cognitive shifting, inhibitory control, and working memory were examined using a battery of executive function tasks. And their brain activations in the region of interest during the tasks were measured using fNIRS before and after the intervention. Results showed that their cognitive shifting and working memory tasks performance significantly improved, and their activation in the DLPFC significantly changed. Implications for this study were also included.

There are some challenges that need to be overcome before terahertz communication technology is widely applied,such as large propagation attenuation in the air and short transmission distance.Research progresses of terahertz channel,such as terahertz channel model,terahertz channel measurement and terahertz channel estimation,were first reviewed.Based on these characteristics of terahertz channel,the underlying problems in basic single-user communication scenarios and more complicated multi-user communication scenarios were respectively analyzed.For each scenario possible solutions were concluded.Last but not least,some prospect future research directions on terahertz communications were discussed.

Executive function (EF) includes a set of higher-order abilities that control one’s actions and thoughts consciously and has a protracted developmental trajectory that parallels the maturation of the frontal lobes, which develop speedily over the preschool period. To fully understand the development of EF in preschoolers, this study examined the relationship among the three domains of executive function (cognitive shifting, inhibitory control, and working memory) to test the applicability of the unity–diversity model in preschoolers using both behavioral and fNIRS approaches. Altogether, 58 Chinese preschoolers (34 boys, 24 girls, Mage = 5.86 years, SD = 0.53, age range = 4.83–6.67 years) were administered the Dimensional Card Change Sort (DCCS), go/no-go, and missing scan task. Their brain activations in the prefrontal cortex during the tasks were examined using fNIRS. First, the behavioral results indicated that the missing scan task scores (working memory) correlated with the DCCS (cognitive shifting) and go/no-go tasks (inhibitory control). However, the latter two did not correlate with each other. Second, the fNIRS results demonstrated that the prefrontal activations during the working memory task correlated with those in the same regions during the cognitive shifting and inhibitory control tasks. However, the latter two still did not correlate. The behavioral and neuroimaging evidence jointly indicates that the unity–diversity model of EF does apply to Chinese preschoolers.

This study aims to examine the neural correlates of cognitive shifting during the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task (DCCS) task with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Altogether 49 children completed the DCCS tasks, and 25 children (Mage = 68.66, SD = 5.3) passing all items were classified into the Switch group. Twenty children (Mage = 62.05, SD = 8.13) committing more than one perseverative errors were grouped into the Perseverate group. The Switch group had Brodmann Area (BA) 9 and 10 activated in the pre-switch period and BA 6, 9, 10, 40, and 44 in the post-switch period. In contrast, the Perseverate group had BA 9 and 10 activated in the pre-switch period and BA 8, 9, 10 in the post-switch period. The general linear model results afford strong support to the “V-shape curve” hypothesis by identifying a significant decrease–increase cycle in BA 9 and 44, the neural correlations of cognitive shifting.

This study explored the differentiated neural correlates of mental rotation (MR) in preschoolers with high and low working memory capacity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Altogether 38 Chinese preschoolers (M = 5.0 years, SD = 0.69 years) completed the Working Memory Capacity (WMC) test, the Mental Rotation (MR), and its Control tasks (without MR). They were divided into High-WMC (N1 = 9) and Low-WMC (N2 = 18) groups based on the WMC scores. The behavioral and fNIRS results indicated that: (1) there were no significant differences in MR task performance between the High-WMC (Mmr = 23.44, SD = 0.88) and Low-WMC group (Mmr = 23.67, SD = 0.59); (2) the Low-WMC group activated BA6, BA8, BA 9, and BA 44, whereas the High-WMC group activated BA8, BA10 and BA 44 during mental rotation; (3) significant differences were found in the activation of BA44 and BA9 between the High-WMC and Low-WMC groups during mental rotation; and (4) the High-WMC and Low-WMC groups differed significantly in the activation of BA 9 and BA10 during the control tasks, indicating that both areas might be responsible for the group differences in working memory.

Anthocyanins with important physiological functions mainly accumulate in grape berry, but teinturier grape cultivars can accumulate anthocyanins in both reproductive and vegetative tissues. The molecular regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in grapevine reproductive and vegetative tissues are different. Therefore, teinturier grapevine cultivar provides opportunities to investigate transcriptional regulation of vegetative anthocyanins, and to compare with mechanisms that regulate grape berry anthocyanins. Yan73 is a teinturier Vitis vinifera variety with vegetative tissues able to accumulate anthocyanins, but the anthocyanin pattern and the molecular mechanism regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in these tissues remain uncharacterized. We analyzed the anthocyanin metabolic and transcriptome profiles of the vegetative tissues of Yan73 and its male parent with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and RNA-sequencing technologies. Yan73 vegetative tissues had relatively high 3′-OH, acylated, and methoxylated anthocyanins. Furthermore, peonidin-3-O-(trans-6-coumaryl)-glucoside is the most abundant anthocyanin in Yan73 grapevine vegetative tissues. A total of 30,17 and 10 anthocyanin biosynthesis genes showed up-regulated expression in Yan73 leaf, stem and tendril, respectively, indicating anthocyanin biosynthesis in Yan73 vegetative tissues is regulated by transcription factors. The up-regulated expression of VvMYBA1 on chromosome 2 and VvMYBA5, VvMYBA6, and VvMYBA7 on chromosome 14 are responsible for the anthocyanin patterns of Yan73 vegetative tissues. The expression of a set of R2R3-MYB C2 repressor genes is activated and may negatively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Yan73 vegetative tissues. These findings enhance our understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in grapevine.

The sugar content of grape berries is affected by many factors. To explore the hexose content in different cultivars, the photosynthesis, vegetative, and reproductive biomass, as well as the enzyme activities and expression levels of genes related to sugar metabolism and sugar contents were measured. Samples were collected 70–110 days after anthesis (DAA), from Riesling (RI), Petit Manseng (PM), and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) berries cultivated in the field. The results indicated that high expression levels of VvSWEET15 and VvSS3 and a high activity of sucrose synthase (SS) are associated with a higher hexose content in the berries of PM than in the berries of the other two cultivars. These genes promoted hexose accumulation in the berries by regulating sugar hydrolysis and transport. The results of this study indicate that active sugar hydrolysis and transport increase the hexose content of PM berries, which provides insights for grape berry quality improvement and breeding projects in wine production.Main Conclusion: The active VvSS3, sucrose synthase (SS), and VvSWEET15 increases the hexose content in Petit Manseng berries, which are associated with sugar hydrolysis and transport.

Leaf removal and cluster thinning were carried out prior to veraison to evaluate the effects on berry quality of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blanc) in the Weibei Dryland of China in 2013 and 2014, and comprehensive analysis of the chemical and volatile composition in berries was performed. The results showed that content of reducing sugar in both varieties was not affected while total acid was generally decreased by leaf removal and cluster thinning. The pH of berry juice was correspondingly higher in most treatment groups. Meanwhile, promoting effects on accumulation of total phenols, tannin in both varieties and total anthocyanins in Cabernet Sauvignon were found. As for monomeric anthocyanins, percentage of malvidin and its derivatives was decreased by leaf removal and cluster thinning. Besides, cinnamylated anthocyanins decreased with the intensity of cluster thinning. The accumulation of non-anthocyanin phenolics was similarly affected in the two varieties. Notably, cluster thinning was more effective on enhancing the phenolics content than leaf removal. The combination of middle level of leaf removal and cluster thinning was the most favor to the accumulation of phenolic acids. Furthermore, cluster thinning could also significantly enhance the synthesis of flavanols and stilbenes. Lastly, content and variety of aroma compounds in both grape varieties were also significantly affected by the treatments. The results provided a theoretical basis for a combination of leaf removal and cluster thinning to improve quality of grapes and wines.

Abstract Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) exhibits a highly restricted tropism for cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, utilizing porcine CD163 (pCD163) as an indispensable cellular receptor for infection. Transfection the gene of pCD163 into several non-permissive cell lines followed by protein expression confers susceptibility to PRRSV. A lack of specialized porcine antibody tools for use with existing porcine-derived primary cells and cell lines has hampered studies of both PRRSV pathogenesis and virus triggering of immune response cascades. Therefore, we constructed PRRSV-susceptible murine alveolar macrophage-derived MH-S and peritoneal macrophage-like RAW264.7 cell lines by achieving pCD163 cell surface expression in these cells. We then evaluated PRRSV susceptibility and cytokine expression patterns induced upon PRRSV infection of these pCD163-expressing cell lines. Results Growth of MH-SCD163 and RAW264.7CD163 cells was indistinguishable from growth of un-transfected parental cell lines. Meanwhile, various stages of the PRRSV replication cycle, including viral particle attachment, internalization, disassembly and infection were confirmed in both pCD163-transfected cell lines. Analysis of PRRSV replication using immunofluorescence staining of virus and viral titration of cell lysates demonstrated that both MH-SCD163 and RAW264.7CD163 cells supported replication of various genotype 2 PRRSV isolates. Moreover, PRRSV replication in MH-SCD163 cells was similar to that observed in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and was more efficient than in RAW264.7CD163 cells. However, peak virus titers in MH-SCD163 cells were attained at 60 h post-infection (pi) versus 48 hpi in PAMs. Analysis of cytokine expression showed that post-PRRSV infection, mRNA expression patterns of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) in MH-SCD163 cells were more similar to those observed in PAMs versus levels in RAW264.7CD163 cells. Conclusions MH-S and RAW264.7 cells were not susceptible to PRRSV infection until transfection and subsequent expression of pCD163 were achieved in these cell lines. The PRRSV-susceptible MH-SCD163 cell line efficiently supported viral replication of various genotype 2 PRRSV isolates and exhibited similar cytokine expression patterns as observed in PAMs. In conclusion, this work describes the development of new tools to further understand PRRSV pathogenesis and immune response mechanisms to PRRSV infection.

This study aims to examine the impact of heavy use of tablets on preschoolers’ executive function during the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task using the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Altogether, 38 Chinese preschoolers (Mage = 5.0 years, SD = 0.69 years, 17 girls) completed the tasks before the COVID-19 lockdown. Eight children never used tablets, while 16 children were diagnosed as the ‘heavy-user’. The results indicated that: (1) the ‘non-user’ outperformed the ‘heavy-user’ with a significantly higher correct rate in the DCCS task; (2) the two groups differed significantly in the activation of the prefrontal cortex (BA 9): the ‘non-user’ pattern is normal and healthy, whereas the ‘heavy-user’ pattern is not normal and needs further exploration.

Yan73, a teinturier (dyer) grape variety in China, is one of the few Vitis vinifera cultivars with red-coloured berry flesh. To examine the tissue-specific expression of genes associated with berry colour in Yan73, we analysed the differential accumulation of anthocyanins in the skin and flesh tissues of two red-skinned grape varieties with either red (Yan73) or white flesh (Muscat Hamburg) based on HPLC-MS analysis, as well as the differential expression of 18 anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in both varieties by quantitative RT-PCR. The results revealed that the transcripts of GST, OMT, AM3, CHS3, UFGT, MYBA1, F3′5′H, F3H1 and LDOX were barely detectable in the white flesh of Muscat Hamburg. In particular, GST, OMT, AM3, CHS3 and F3H1 showed approximately 50-fold downregulation in the white flesh of Muscat Hamburg compared to the red flesh of Yan73. A correlation analysis between the accumulation of different types of anthocyanins and gene expression indicated that the cumulative expression of GST, F3′5′H, LDOX and MYBA1 was more closely associated with the acylated anthocyanins and the 3′5′-OH anthocyanins, while OMT and AM3 were more closely associated with the total anthocyanins and methoxylated anthocyanins. Therefore, the transcripts of OMT, AM3, GST, F3′5′H, LDOX and MYBA1 explained most of the variation in the amount and composition of anthocyanins in skin and flesh of Yan73. The data suggest that the specific localization of anthocyanins in the flesh tissue of Yan73 is most likely due to the tissue-specific expression of OMT, AM3, GST, F3′5′H, LDOX and MYBA1 in the flesh.

This study was conducted during the 2014 and 2015 vintages on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot and Cabernet Gernischt to investigate whether natural variation in berry size could affect grape aromatic compounds. Grape berries were separated into three size categories based on their diameter: small, middle and large. The results showed that berry size exerted a significant influence on the volatile profiles of both winegrape varieties. Hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated that the volatile profiles of middle berries were different from those of large and small berries. Middle berries had the greatest abundance of aroma compounds, followed by small and large berries. Especially, C6/C9 compounds, norisoprenoids, terpenoids showed markedly different concentrations among differently sized Merlot berries and C6/C9 compounds, terpenoids among differently sized Cabernet Gernischt berries. Middle berries of both grape varieties may possess the greatest intensity of fresh-green, fruity and floral aromas due to the high odour activity values (OAVs) of decanal, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-β-damascenone and β-ionone in middle sizes of Merlot berries and the high OAVs of (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-β-damascenone in middle sizes of Cabernet Gernischt berries. This knowledge could be important for winemakers to conduct targeted berry sorting, thereby improving the aromatic quality of grapes.

"Research Findings:" The present study aims to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and visuomotor integration in young children. A total of 242 three- to six-year-old preschoolers were randomly selected from a preschool in Shenzhen, China and their visuomotor integration and physical fitness were evaluated using the Beery Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI) and the preschool physical fitness test, respectively. Descriptive and standard-based analysis, t-test, analysis of variances (ANOVAs), correlation analysis, and mediation analysis were conducted using SPSS. Results showed that children with different ages had significant differences in their standing long jump and visuomotor integration ability (F = 7.56, p < 0.001; F = 34.36, p < 0.001) while gender difference was found in children's throwing (t = 4.18, p < 0.001). Furthermore, children's visuomotor integration significantly correlated with their 20 m fast run and throwing (r = 0.31 and 0.19, p < 0.01). Finally, children's performance in 20 m fast run and standing long partially mediated the relationship between age and visuomotor integration. "Practice or Policy:" The findigs highlighted the importance of strengthening young children's physical fitness and its relationship to their visuomotor integration. Implications for theory and practice are also included.