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Different responses to vitamin D supplementation may be due to genes involved in vitamin D metabolism, including the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. The present study aimed to determine the interactive effect of vitamin D supplementation and VDR polymorphisms, including FokI (rs2228570) and BsmI (1544410) on weight and body composition in overweight women with hypovitaminosis D. This study comprised two phases: a double-blind, randomized and a before-after clinical trial. In the first phase, 50 healthy overweight women aged 20-45 years with hypovitaminosis D were randomly categorized into intervention and control groups and were given 50 000 IU/w vitamin D3 or placebo for 12 weeks. In the second phase, 75 women received 50 000 IU/w of vitamin D3 for 12 weeks. All variables were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. Circulating 25(OH)D was measured using an ELISA kit. Anthropometric indices were calculated according to standard protocol (WHO-TRH-854). Body composition was determined using the body impedance analysis method. The VDR polymorphisms were detected using the PCR sequence. Supplementation resulted in a significant increase in the level of 25(OH)D in the intervention group but did not affect the anthropometric profile of the subjects. When considering FokI genotypes, carriers of the FF genotype had higher fat mass reduction than carriers of Ff + ff genotypes. Key words: vitamin D3 supplementation, VDR polymorphism, overweight, hypovitaminosis, body composition Les reactions differentielles a la supplementation en vitamine D pourraient etre le fait de genes jouant un role dans la biotransformation de la vitamine D, y compris le gene du recepteur de la vitamine D (VDR). La presente etude visait a etablir l'effet de l'interaction entre la supplementation en vitamine D et les polymorphismes de VDR, y compris FokI (rs2228570) et BsmI (1544410), sur le poids et la composition corporelle chez des femmes en surpoids presentant une hypovitaminose D. Cette etude comprenait deux phases : un essai clinique a double insu avec repartition aleatoire et un autre de type avant/apres. Au cours de la premiere phase, nous avons reparti aleatoirement 50 femmes en surpoids, mais en bonne sante, agees de 20 a 45 ans et presentant une hypovitaminose D dans des groupes intervention et temoin auxquelles nous avons administre pendant 12 semaines de la vitamine D3 a 50 000 UI/semaine ou un placebo. Au cours de la seconde phase, nous avons administre de la vitamine D3 a 50 000 UI/semaine a 75 femmes pendant 12 semaines. Nous avons mesure toutes les variables au debut de l'etude et apres 12 semaines. Nous avons mesure la 25(OH)D en circulation a l'aide d'un kit ELISA. Nous avons calcule les donnees anthropometriques selon un protocole standard (WHO-TRH-854). Nous avons etabli la composition corporelle a l'aide de la methode d'analyse d'impedance corporelle. Nous avons decele les polymorphismes de VDR a l'aide de la technique de PCR et analyse sequentielle. La supplementation a entraine une augmentation marquee des taux de 25(OH)D dans le groupe intervention, mais sans modification du profil anthropometrique des sujets. Quant aux genotypes de FokI, les porteuses du genotype FF presentaient un abaissement de la masse adipeuse plus importante que les porteuses des genotypes Ff et ff. Mots-cles : supplementation en vitamine D3, polymorphisme de VDR, surpoids, hypovitaminose, composition corporelle, Introduction Vitamin D deficiency due to insufficient sun exposure and inadequate intake or absorption of vitamin D has become a significant health problem. One billion people have hypovitaminosis D deficiency [...]

We aimed to review the association of dietary fats and risk of coronary events in adults. We searched PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Sciences to April 2022 for prospective cohorts and randomized trials investigating the association of dietary intake and biomarkers of fats and fatty acid interventions and the risk of coronary events. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to estimate relative risk (RR) for the top versus bottom tertiles of exposures. One-hundered sixty-five prospective cohorts and randomized trials were included. Dietary intake and biomarkers of total fat and saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were not associated with the risk of coronary events. Dietary intake of trans fatty acids, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and saturated fatty acids from meat and unprocessed meat was modestly associated with a higher risk and, in contrast, intake of alpha-linolenic acid, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, and linoleic acid was modestly associated with a lower risk. Supplementation with long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and increasing the consumption of alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids in place of saturated fats reduced the risk of coronary events. Existing evidence, in its totality, provides a modest support in favor of current recommendations suggesting replacement of saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed at quantifying the effects of different tea and coffee on weight loss in adults. We searched PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL and grey literature sources to July 2024. The study excluded cross-over trials without washout period, those in critically ill patients, pregnant or breast-feeding women, multicomponent interventions and active control groups with tea or coffee. A random-effects network meta-analysis with a Bayesian framework was performed to calculate the mean difference (MD) and 95 % credible intervals (CrIs). The certainty of evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach, and risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane tool. Twenty-two randomised controlled trials with 1710 participants (average intervention duration = 10 weeks) were included. Green tea was effective for weight loss compared with placebo (MD: −1·23 kg, 95 % CrI: −2·45, −0·02; low certainty evidence) or water (MD: −1·61 kg, 95 % CrI: −2·90, −0·35; very low certainty evidence), while other beverages (coffee, decaffeinated coffee, green coffee, black tea and sour tea) were not. Green tea was effective for weight loss compared with water in sensitivity analysis of healthy individuals (MD: −3·31 kg, 95 % CrI: −5·83, −1·04). Based on very low to low certainty evidence, green tea drinking may result in a small weight loss in adults. This study mainly focused on weight loss effects of green tea and coffee, with limited data on other teas. Only five trials had longer intervention durations, suggesting future research on long-term effects. Most trials had high bias risk and low certainty, requiring more high-quality trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the impact of intermittent fasting, with or without probiotic supplementation, versus a calorie‐restricted diet on anthropometric measures, metabolic status and gonadal variables in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: This is a randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐arm clinical trial. The effects of the 14:10 early time‐restricted eating (eTRE) strategy alone or combined with probiotics, on obese women with PCOS, were investigated. Participants were divided into three groups: eTRE plus probiotics (n = 30), eTRE plus placebo (n = 30) and a control group following a standard three‐meal‐per‐day diet with daily calorie restriction (DCR) (n = 30). Over 8 weeks, various anthropometric, metabolic, menstrual and gonadal variables were assessed. Results: A total of 90 individuals were included in the study, with a mean body weight of 81.4 kg, and a mean age of 30 years. Mean (standard deviation) weight loss was not different between the groups at week 8 (TRE + probiotic: −2.2 [1.6] kg vs. TRE + placebo: −2.9 [2.7] kg vs. DCR: −2.5 [1.7] kg). Results revealed that, while all three regimes led to reductions in body weight, body mass index, vascular risk indicators, hirsutism and acne scores, there were no statistically significant differences between the eTRE groups and the control group in terms of weight loss, or improvements in metabolic, menstrual and gonadal variables (P >.05). Additionally, combining probiotics with eTRE did not benefit hormonal and cardiometabolic factors (P >.05). Conclusions: The eTRE alone or eTRE plus probiotics did not result in significantly greater weight loss or improvements in metabolic, menstrual and gonadal variables compared with the standard three‐meal DCR diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]