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This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the main toxicological studies conducted on selenium nanoparticles (NPs) using laboratory animals, up until February 28, 2023. A literature search revealed 17 articles describing experimental studies conducted on warm‐blooded animals. Despite some uncertainties, in vivo studies have demonstrated that selenium NPs have an adverse effect on laboratory animals, as evidenced by several indicators of general toxic action. These effects include reductions of body mass, changes in hepatotoxicity indices (increased enzyme activity and accumulation of selenium in the liver), and the possibility of impairment of fatty acid, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolisms. However, no specific toxic action attributable solely to selenium has been identified. The LOAEL and NOAEL values are contradictory. The NOAEL was 0.22 mg/kg body weight per day for males and 0.33 mg/kg body weight per day for females, while the LOAEL was assumed to be a dose of 0.05 mg/kg of nanoselenium. This LOAEL value is much higher for rats than for humans. The relationship between the adverse effects of selenium NPs and exposure dose is controversial and presents a wide typological diversity. Further research is needed to clarify the absorption, metabolism, and long‐term toxicity of selenium NPs, which is critical to improving the risk assessment of these compounds. This review presents the effects of selenium nanoparticles from toxicological in vivo studies demonstrating that a general toxic action in laboratory animals, including reductions of body mass, hepatotoxicity through increase of enzyme activity and accumulation of selenium in the liver, and possible impairment of several metabolic pathways. Proposed NOAEL and LOAEL are also presented and demonstrated controversial results indicating that further research is needed to clarify the toxicity of selenium nanoparticles and improve their risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]