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ThePhotovoltaicsystem(PV) systems are reliable Renewable Energy Sources (RES) because to their efficiency under high irradiation conditions, low maintenance, and low pollution. Effective processes generate steady power. This new programme determines the dynamic performance of this technology's application to conduct a thorough feasibility utility grid is determined under different operational circumstances. However, integrating renewable energy into the alternating current system has challenges including voltage increases, synchronisation, and protection. With the DCDC converter, the power distribution system will be more reliable. The RES voltage level and storage needed by the static power DCDC converter must be maintained to preserve grid synchronisation. Because static converters are simple, they need a separate converter for stabilisation, increasing the circuit size. Compact size, centralised control, and energyefficient energy management are important features of Multiport Converters (MPC). The microgrid needs a backup battery to offset the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. To ensure safety, isolation between the source and the load is required. Storage devices need a twoway power channel. An independent multiport converter is needed for the connected operation of the battery equipment and the utilisation of various renewable energy sources. The benefits of higher power density and separation of the nonisolation circuit allow for a smaller total circuit size. This paper summarises the multiport DCDC converter design for RES harvesting in a DC microgrid and makes research suggestions.

Global solar radiation is variable in nature, hence its forecasting is very important. This paper aims to predict the global solar radiations using real experimental data collected over time by dev...

In this paper, a procedural analysis involved in the optimal design of the photovoltaic system (PV) is thoroughly described.The study has been carried out by following a proposed design procedure, involving different types of photovoltaic panelsand their tracking mechanisms. The proposed methodology is implemented in the twin districts of jammu & kashmir unionterritory (rajouri & poonch). The feasibility of the photovoltaic system has been made based on power output and the costof generation. A detailed financial analysis is also carried out to find the levelised cost of electricity, amortisation time, andinternal rate of return. This study will help the power utilities to mitigate their energy issues, by installing a photovoltaicsystem based on the proposed design methodology.

Forecasting of intermittent power produced due to renewable energy resources is highly desirable to accurately determine its future values to be utilized for various purposes like scheduling, contingency solutions by the grid operators. Among the renewable resources, solar energy is the most widely used that has grown leaps and bounds over the past due to technology advancements and it is anticipated that it is going to dominate the future as well. This power is often used independently or integrated into the grid. Such integration of solar generation is demanding the reliable forecast of the same. Clearness index determination is very important for accurately forecasting the solar power. This paper presents a methodology to determine the clearness index values which is of paramount importance to handle the forecasting issue to provide better forecast of the Photovoltaic (PV) power. This method includes finding out the clearness index by estimating the Extra-terrestrial Radiations at a given location and using the Global Solar radiation past data available at a given site. This methodology has been implemented successfully for district Rajouri of Jammu & Kashmir state and clearness index values have been estimated for the same. Moreover the correlation between Extra-terrestrial radiation and the Global solar radiation from the past data for the chosen site was found around 0.95 which is quite high.

This paper explains how demand-side management techniques help in reducing the dependency of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University in India on grid power. Demand-side management techniques like load shifting, reduced energy consumption by using energy efficient devices, mitigating with the intermittent nature of wind and solar power are key for sustainable energy growth. As renewable energy sources are stochastic in nature, hence a stand-alone solar power plant will not be a reliable power source. In order to increase the reliability of solar power plants, they are integrated with grid and energy storage devices through proper power electronics interfacing. In this work, an integrated system consisting of grid, solar photovoltaic, battery storage and converters was developed. Power electronics converters are used, so that both A.C and D.C load demands can be satisfied. This paper presents the design and development procedure of simulation model for an integrated system. Simulation results show that energy consumption was reduced by the effective utilization of energy efficient techniques and the overall reliability of the integrated system has increased. The solar photovoltaic system was able to generate extra power during offload conditions, which could be stored or fed back into the grid, hence helping the utility to deal with peak load conditions and helping the university campus in generating the revenue from solar power.

Regulating system frequency is one of the most important system reliability management services that must be provided by market participants in a deregulated power system. The difference between load and generation due to contingencies or heavy variation of load, causes variation in frequency and this is required to be maintained within the normal operating band (NOB) as prescribed through various reliability standards adopted in various countries. However many energy setups are still experiencing frequency regulation issue due to energy shortage problems resulting in heavy losses for power companies and inconvenience to customers and Indian electricity system is one of them. But the Availability Based Tariff system adopted by India for the bulk transfer of power has succeeded in regulating the frequency to a greater level. In this paper an attempt has been made to develop a methodology based on the unscheduled interchange mechanism which is prevailing in India for Bulk power transfer to handle real time imbalances between supply and demand in a Deregulated market. This mechanism will work through independent generation units and loads that keep watch on system frequency and price signal and respond accordingly, thus eliminating the need for complex communication systems for control. Through this mechanism, we will not only be able to adjust system frequency close to nominal value but also it will help to achieve good savings. This technique is implemented on a 5 bus test system and it was found a lot of savings could be achieved by adopting this frequency regulation mechanism.

The demand for power is increasing day by day, and working with fossil fuels is associated with global warming problem, so renewable resource is better option to fulfil ever-increasing power demand without affecting climate. Among renewable resources, solar energy is widely adopted due to its availability in abundance. The power output for a solar photovoltaic (SPV) cell depends on the operating temperature, solar irradiation and load impedance. So maximum power point of SPV is not constant and keeps on changing under different conditions. Therefore, maximum power point tracking is used to uphold the point to extract maximum power from PV system under different working conditions. In this paper, we have described many maximum power point tracking algorithms commonly used for extracting maximum power out of a solar panel. We have also done a comparative analysis among them for various parameters using a common Simulink model in MATLAB. It has been found that among different methods, artificial intelligence method is most efficient compared to all existing methods and perform well under different conditions of solar irradiations and temperatures.

Solar power technology was present in India from a very long time, but due to its high purchase cost, only few were able to reap its benefits. It was very costly and less efficient during its early phase, but due to the increase in efficiency of solar modules and drop in the prices of solar PV along with various government schemes and policy implementations, solar PV technology has gained prime importance as a source of electricity. In this paper, we have carried out design, technical and financial analysis along with optimisation of solar PV plant for the School of Engineering and Technology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University (BGSBU), Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India. This paper uses two-way approaches for the design and analysis of feasibility of solar PV plant. We have not limited our design and analysis to the use of simulation software like PV GIS, etc., but also making use of the actual physical cost for the various items needed for building this plant prevailing these days in India. This has helped us to calculate the cost expenditures much closer to that would be spent in building this plant in the future. In this paper, we have estimated the energy demand of the School of Engineering and Technology, and based on the energy demand and location, we have proposed this solar PV system to solve much-awaited issue of power scarcity in such locations of educational and economic importance. This system will not only help the university to lower down the burden of money spent on the usage of electricity but will also help in reducing the quantity of carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere.