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Given that impurities may affect the quality and safety of drug products, impurity identification and profiling is an integral part of drug quality control and is particularly important for newly developed medications such as solriamfetol, which is used to treat excessive daytime sleepiness. Although the high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of commercial solriamfetol has revealed the presence of several impurities, their synthesis, structure elucidation, and chromatographic determination have not been reported yet. To bridge this gap, we herein identified, synthesized, and isolated eight process-related solriamfetol impurities, characterized them using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, and proposed plausible mechanisms of their formation. Moreover, we developed and validated a prompt impurity analysis method based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, revealing that its selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and quantitation limit meet the acceptance criteria of method validation stipulated by the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Thus, the developed method was concluded to be suitable for the routine analysis of solriamfetol substances.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a prevalent protozoan parasite of medical and veterinary significance. It is the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, a neglected disease in which incidence and symptoms differ between patients and regions. In immunocompetent patients, toxoplasmosis manifests as acute and chronic forms. Acute toxoplasmosis presents as mild or asymptomatic disease that evolves, under the host immune response, into a persistent chronic disease in healthy individuals. Chronic toxoplasmosis establishes as latent tissue cysts in the brain and skeletal muscles. In immunocompromised patients, chronic toxoplasmosis may reactivate, leading to a potentially life-threatening condition. Recently, the association between toxoplasmosis and various diseases has been shown. These span primary neuropathies, behavioral and psychiatric disorders, and different types of cancer. Currently, a direct pre-clinical or clinical molecular connotation between toxoplasmosis and most of its associated diseases remains poorly understood. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on Toxoplasma-induced and associated diseases with a focus on available knowledge of the molecular players dictating these associations. We will also abridge the existing therapeutic options of toxoplasmosis and highlight the current gaps to explore the implications of toxoplasmosis on its associated diseases to advance treatment modalities.