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Background Vegetable or plant-based sources of protein may confer health benefits in children with progressive kidney disease. Our aims were to understand the effect of the proportion of vegetable protein intake on changes in estimated GFR and to understand the effect of the proportion of vegetable protein intake on serum levels of bicarbonate, phosphorus, and potassium. Methods Children with baseline eGFR between 30 and 90 mL/min/1.73 m.sup.2 were recruited from 59 centers across North America as part of the chronic kidney disease in children (CKiD) study. The percentage of dietary vegetable protein (VP%) was gathered from annual Food Frequency Questionnaires. We performed longitudinal linear mixed models to determine the effect of VP% on eGFR and longitudinal logistic mixed models to determine the effect of VP% on electrolyte balance (potassium, phosphorus, bicarbonate). Results Two thousand visits from 631 subjects. Across all dichotomized groups of children (sex, African American race, Hispanic ethnicity, glomerular etiology of CKD, hypertension, anemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, acidosis, BMI < 95th percentile), the median VP% was 32-35%. The longitudinal mixed model analysis did not show any effect of VP% on eGFR electrolyte (bicarbonate, phosphorus, and potassium) abnormalities (p > 0.1). Conclusions A diverse cohort of children with CKD has a narrow and homogeneous intake of vegetable protein. Due to the low variability of plant-based protein in the cohort, there were no associations between the percentage of plant protein intake and changes in eGFR nor electrolyte balance., Author(s): Lokesh N. Shah [sup.1] [sup.2] , Matthew B. Matheson [sup.3] , Susan L. Furth [sup.4] [sup.5] , George J. Schwartz [sup.6] , Bradley A. Warady [sup.7] [sup.8] , Cynthia [...]

Background Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in pediatric patients is typically difficult to treat and will progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in about 10% of cases. Following kidney transplantation, FSGS can recur in up to 56% of renal allografts-with a near 100% recurrence in subsequent transplants. Methods Four different pediatric centers across the USA and the UK employed a protocol using LDL-apheresis (LDL-A) and pulse solumedrol to treat recurrent FSGS after transplantation in seven patients. All the patients included in this series demonstrated immediate, or early, recurrence of FSGS, which clinically presented as nephrotic-range proteinuria within hours to days after implantation of the kidney. Results All patients experienced reductions in urinary protein to creatinine ratios resulting in partial or complete remission. All patients demonstrated improvements in their estimated GFRs at their most recent follow-up since LDL-A discontinuation. Conclusions This case series describes the successful treatment, across four different pediatric centers, of seven pediatric patients with recurrent post-transplant FSGS using the Liposorber® LA-15 in combination with pulse solumedrol., Author(s): Lokesh Shah [sup.1] , David K. Hooper [sup.2] , Daryl Okamura [sup.3] , Dean Wallace [sup.4] , Divya Moodalbail [sup.5] , Caroline Gluck [sup.5] , Ania Koziell [sup.6] , [...]

Background Children who were born prematurely, those with a very low birthweight, or who have survived the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are at risk for the development of hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and thus require blood pressure screening less than 3 years of age, per American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) 2004 and 2017 guidelines. Methods We reviewed the practice patterns of a large pediatric health care system and assessed adherence to the AAP clinical practice guidelines on blood pressure measurements in children less than 3 years of age for hypertension and CKD with the following risk factors: prematurity, very low birthweight, and a neonatal intensive care setting encounter. This retrospective chart review included a total of 9965 patients with a median gestational age of 34 weeks. Results Overall, 38% of patients had at least one blood pressure measured less than 3 years of age. Primary care accounted for 41% of all outpatient encounters and 4% of all blood pressure measurements. Surgical specialties (i.e., ophthalmology, otolaryngology, and orthopedics) accounted for many non-primary care visits and were less likely than medical specialties (i.e., cardiology and nephrology) to obtain a blood pressure measurement (p < 0.0001). Conclusions This study of a large healthcare system's practice revealed a lack of basic screening for hypertension in a population known to be at risk for hypertension and CKD., Author(s): Lokesh Shah [sup.1] , Jobayer Hossain [sup.2] , Shirlly Xie [sup.3] , Joshua Zaritsky [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0001 0680 8770, grid.239552.a, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, , 3401 [...]