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Background/Purpose: The integration of ChatGPT within higher education holds significant potential for enhancing learning through personalized, adaptive, and interactive educational experiences. This study's aims were to investigate how academic engagement with ChatGPT in higher education has evolved within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The objective was to identify key trends, benefits, challenges, and implications of adopting this technology in higher education systems across the region. Materials/Methods: This study employed a bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in the Scopus database, focusing on those related to ChatGPT and higher education. VOSviewer software was used to generate network and overlay visualizations of key research topics and their co-occurrence patterns over time. Constructivist learning theory was applied as the theoretical framework to contextualize the findings and explore how ChatGPT can be used to support personalized learning in higher education. Results: The analysis revealed that ChatGPT and artificial intelligence are central to the academic discourse on AI in higher education, particularly in GCC countries, with notable increases seen in research output over recent years. Key findings include the positive impact of ChatGPT on personalized learning and student engagement, as well as the growing focus on ethical concerns such as data privacy and bias. The study also identified strong interdisciplinary connections, with AI research in education intersecting with fields such as computer science, linguistics, and cognitive science. Conclusion: The findings suggest that ChatGPT is becoming increasingly relevant and influential in higher education, particularly in the GCC region, where its adoption aligns with ongoing educational reforms and technological advancements. However, addressing ethical challenges and ensuring equitable access to AI-driven tools are crucial in order to maximize the positive impact of ChatGPT on learning outcomes. The study provides valuable insights for educators, educational policymakers, and academic researchers on the effective integration of AI technologies within higher education.

The study investigated the impact of incorporating a specific herbal blend comprising coriander, garlic, and fenugreek (CGF) at various levels on the zootechnical performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. The 42-day experiment involved 360 broilers (Cobb 500), organized into four distinct treatment groups. The dietary interventions included a control group consisting of a basal diet and the same diet was supplemented with CGF at rates of 1, 2, and 3%. Broilers receiving a 1% phytogenic mixture exhibited significantly increased live weight and carcass weight. Moreover, the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat significantly improved in broilers supplemented with a 1% phytogenic mixture. On the other hand, the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus showed a notable increase in broilers fed with a 3% phytogenic mixture. Regarding serum metabolites, the 1% phytogenic mixture group displayed significantly higher levels of high density lipoprotein and triglycerides. The supplementation of the broiler diet with a herbal mixture of coriander, fenugreek, and garlic at a 1% rate resulted in improved growth performance, carcass quality, nutrient digestion, and lipid profile.

The heat transfer analysis and time dependent magneto hydrodynamics boundary layer flow of three dimensional viscous incompressible Newtonian fluid in rotating frame across the extending surface subject to microgravity g∗(t)(=go[1+ϵcos(πωt)]k) is investigated. The gravity modulation and gradient of fluid temperature typically generate buoyant convective flows in case of various situation, most likely in environment of low gravity or microgravity, the systems can operate under purely diffusive conditions in this environment since buoyancy-driven fluid flows and sedimentations are significantly diminished. Recent years have seen a growing interest of researchers in mixed convection that is regulated by microgravity environment due to highly extensive modern technological applications. The innovative aspect of the current study is the consideration of the impacts of gravity jitters (g-jitter) in rotating Newtonian fluid. The leading governing equations of elaborated fluid flow problem transformed into form of non dimensional coupled non-linear PDEs (partial differential equations) by the help of appropriate similarity functions. For seek of numerical solution, a very powerful technique, finite element method is used via MATLAB. The flexibility, robustness, and exactness of this technique make it a strong tool for solving fluid flow problems. The magnitude of average Nusselt number exhibits 16% & 17% decline against 46.31% increment in Coriolis and magnetic forces. Rising the amplitude of modulation results in proportional rise and decline in skin friction and heat transfer. By increasing strength of rotating parameter, magnetic parameter and frequency modulation parameter, the velocity profile declined while, temperature field has opposite trend against these parameters. The comparison of current results with existing results is given and found a very good agreement between them.

Abstract Task scheduling problem (TSP) is huge challenge in cloud computing paradigm as number of tasks comes to cloud application platform vary from time to time and all the tasks consists of variable length, runtime capacities. All these tasks may generated from various heterogeneous resources which comes onto cloud console directly effects the performance of cloud paradigm with increase in makespan, energy consumption, resource costs. Traditional task scheduling algorithms cannot handle these type of complex workloads in cloud paradigm. Many authors developed Task Scheduling algorithms by using metaheuristic techniques, hybrid approaches but all these algorithms give near optimal solutions but still TSP is a highly challenging and dynamic scenario as it resembles NP hard problem. Therefore, to tackle the TSP in cloud computing paradigm and schedule the tasks in an effective way in cloud paradigm, we formulated Adaptive Task scheduler which segments all the tasks comes to cloud console as sub tasks and fed these to the scheduler which is modeled by Improved Asynchronous Advantage Actor Critic Algorithm(IA3C) to generate schedules. This scheduling process is carried out in two stages. In first stage, all incoming tasks are segmented as sub tasks. After segmentation, all these sub tasks according to their size, execution time, communication time are grouped together and fed to the (ATSIA3C) scheduler. In the second stage, it checks for the above said constraints and disperse them onto the corresponding suitable processing capacity VMs resided in datacenters. Proposed ATSIA3C is simulated on Cloudsim. Extensive simulations are conducted using both fabricated worklogs and as well as realtime supercomputing worklogs. Our proposed mechanism evaluated over baseline algorithms i.e. RATS-HM, AINN-BPSO, MOABCQ. From results it is evident that our proposed ATSIA3C outperforms existing task schedulers by improving makespan by 70.49%. Resource cost is improved by 77.42%. Energy Consumption is improved over compared algorithms 74.24% in multi cloud environment by proposed ATSIA3C.

Abstract Accurate channel state information (CSI) is crucial for optimizing wireless communication systems. In scenarios with varying user-to-base station angles, the angle-dependent coherence time impacts conventional pilot strategies. Due to small angles, the coherence time of the user decreases dramatically because of doppler shift, which causes an increase in the number of pilots. We introduces an innovative sub-block design approach for systems with different user angles. This method harmonizes coherence time of high and low-angle users, while maintaining a constant pilot count. This not only improves spectral efficiency but also ensures accurate channel estimation. Through simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing both spectral efficiency upt to $$10 \%$$ 10 % and CSI precision. This breakthrough contributes to the advancement of channel estimation techniques in scenarios with angle-dependent coherence time, offering practical benefits to wireless communication systems.

Abstract Background Innovations in cancer treatment have contributed to the improved survival rate of cancer patients. The cancer survival rates have been growing and nearly two third of those survivors have been exposed to clinical radiation during their treatment. The study of long-term radiation effects, especially secondary cancer induction, has become increasingly important. An accurate assessment of out-of-field/peripheral dose (PDs) is necessary to estimate the risk of second cancer after radiotherapy and the damage to the organs at risk surrounding the planning target volume. This study was designed to measure the PDs as a function of dose, distances, and depths from Telecobalt-60 (Co-60) beam in water phantom using thermoluminescent dosimeter-100 (TLD-100). Methods The PDs were measured for Co-60 beam at specified depths of 0 cm (surface), 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm outside the radiation beam at distances of 5, 10, and 13 cm away from the radiation field edge using TLD-100 (G1 cards) as detectors. These calibrated cards were placed on the acrylic disc in circular tracks. The radiation dose of 2000 mGy of Co-60 beam was applied inside 10 × 10 cm2 field size at constant source to surface distance (SSD) of 80 cm. Results The results showed maximum and minimum PDs at surface and 5 cm depth respectively at all distances from the radiation field edge. Dose distributions out of the field edge with respect to distance were isotropic. The decrease in PDs at 5 cm depth was due to dominant forward scattering of Co-60 gamma rays. The increase in PDs beyond 5 cm depth was due to increase in the irradiated volume, increase in penumbra, increase in source to axis distance (SAD), and increase in field size due to inverse square factor. Conclusion It is concluded that the PDs depends upon depth and distance from the radiation field edge. All the measurements show PDs in the homogenous medium (water); therefore, it estimates absorbed dose to the organ at risk (OAR) adjacent to cancer tissues/planning target volume (PTV). It is suggested that PDs can be minimized by using the SAD technique, as this technique controls sources of scattered radiation like inverse square factor and effect of penumbra up-to some extent.

This research investigates the thermal performance and working fluid selection from ultra-low-grade waste heat recovery. The study examines the desuperheating method of a novel integrated Vapor Compression Cycle (VCC) and the organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system for electricity generation. Two cooling methods are analysed and compared, water-cooled VCC-water-cooled ORC and air-cooled VCC -air-cooled ORC. The study was conducted on a vapor compression system with 35-kW refrigeration capacity and evaluated various performance indices. The results indicate that for the water-water cooled system, R407c-R141b is the potential working fluid, achieving an overall coefficient of performance (COPsys) of 3.20, ORC thermal efficiency of 7.56 %, and net electricity output of 0.28 kW. R410a-R141b is recommended in the air-air-cooled system due to its higher ORC thermal efficiency (7.67 %) than the water-water-cooled system (7.56 %), resulting in a power output of 0.44 kW. Sensitivity analysis reveals that desuperheating is preferable for obtaining higher ORC thermal efficiency. Increasing the condensing water temperature improves net electricity and ORC thermal efficiency. Furthermore, a higher mass flow rate of condensing water enhances system COP and system exergy efficiency but decreases ORC thermal efficiency.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether governance has an impact on per capita income. The governance-prosperity hypothesis was validated using data from 48 high-income countries. This study examines all governance indicators in sample countries rather than one that addresses specific effects. We find that good governance enhances prosperity, while FDI, exports, and urbanization positively impact effective governance outcomes using homogeneity and heterogeneity panel methodologies. In contrast, household expenditures exhibit a diverse relationship that requires a combination of saving policy and spending to increase per capita income. We found that effective governance attracts foreign direct investment, leading to high exports and urbanization trends. Therefore, countries should strengthen their governance apparatus to reap the benefits of sustainable economic growth.

High fat diet (HFD) is a prime factor, which contributes to the present epidemic of metabolic syndrome. Prolonged intake of HFD induces oxidative stress (OS) that in turn causes neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, insulin resistance, amyloid burden, synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment hence leading to Alzheimer's disease neuropathy. Melatonin (secreted by the Pineal gland) has the potential to nullify the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and have been shown to ameliorate various complications induced by HFD in rodent models. This study aimed to assess the neurotherapeutic effects of melatonin on HFD-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration mediated by OS in pregnant female mice and their offspring. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and antioxidant enzyme assays were used for quantification of samples from the hippocampal region of the brain of pregnant albino mice and their offspring. Short- and long-term memory was assessed by Y-maze and Morris Water Maze tests. HFD significantly induced OS leading to AD like neuropathology in the pregnant mice and their offspring while melatonin administration simultaneously with the HFD significantly prevented this neuropathy. This study reports that melatonin exerts these effects through the stimulation of SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway that in turn reduces the HFD-induced OS and its downstream signaling. In conclusion melatonin prevents HFD-induced multiple complications that ultimately leads to the memory dysfunction in pregnant female mice and their successive generation via activation of SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an increasing widespread cause of disability and mortality, typically leading to dementia and memory impairment. Objective: This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective potential of Nigella sativa extract against TBI induced memory impairment in adult albino mice. Methods: Adult male mice were divided into four groups randomly: Control, Nigella sativa extract alone, TBI alone and TBI plus Nigella sativa extract. TBI induction was carried out in mice using a weight dropping method then Nigella sativa extract (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for two weeks. Morris water maze and Y-maze tests were used to measure memory improvement ability and Western blot technique was used to analyse the neuroinflammatory and synaptic protein markers. Results: Nigella sativa extract significantly decreased phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) proteins to reduce TBI-induced neuroinflammation accompanied by the restoration of both pre- and post-synaptic protein expression in adult mice model. Furthermore, Nigella sativa extract enhanced both short and long-term spatial memory against TBI in adult mice model. Conclusion: Nigella sativa extract abrogated neuroinflammation mediated memory impairment in TBI mice model. Further research is needed to determine Nigella sativa extract ingredients detail completely and to understand its mechanisms of neuroprotection in reducing memory impairments associated with traumatic brain injury and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract Understanding how to increase soybean yield is crucial for global food security. The genetic and epigenetic factors influencing seed size, a major crop yield determinant, are not fully understood. We explore the role of DNA demethylase GmDMEa in soybean seed size. Our research indicates that GmDMEa negatively correlates with soybean seed size. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we edited GmDMEa in the Dongnong soybean cultivar, known for small seeds. Modified plants had larger seeds and greater yields without altering plant architecture or seed nutrition. GmDMEa preferentially demethylates AT-rich transposable elements, thus activating genes and transcription factors associated with the abscisic acid pathway, which typically decreases seed size. Chromosomal substitution lines confirm that these modifications are inheritable, suggesting a stable epigenetic method to boost seed size in future breeding. Our findings provide insights into epigenetic seed size control and suggest a strategy for improving crop yields through the epigenetic regulation of crucial genes. This work implies that targeted epigenetic modification has practical agricultural applications, potentially enhancing food production without compromising crop quality.

The ternary-hybrid nanofluids are impressive sub-class of nanomaterials with enhanced thermal features. Based on such improved thermal characteristics, various applications of such materials are being predicted in the thermal efficiency systems, extrusion mechanism, solar collectors, nuclear processes, energy production and many. The objective of this investigation is to report the comparative thermal analysis for traditional nanofluid, hybrid nanofluid and ternary-hybrid models with water base fluid. The ternary nanomaterials are consisting of nickel, aluminum and copper metallic particles. The exploration of heating capacitance is updated with radiative phenomenon. Moreover, the flow is associated to the stagnation point applications via vertically moving cylinder. The thermal properties for each nanofluid model along with mathematical expressions are characterized in tabular form. The nonlinear system representing the thermal model is numerically solved via most impressive technique namely Keller Box scheme. It has been noted that the tangential velocity component declined with larger values of stretching ratio parameter. It is claimed that the thermal performances of ternary-hybrid nanoparticles are more impressive as compared to nanofluids and hybrid nanomaterials. The temperature profile reduces for stretching ratio parameter which is relatively slower for ternary-nanofluid. The simulated results present significance in various heat transfer systems, heat transfer devices, thermal systems, super-capacitors, extrusion processes, automotive engines, heat exchangers, cooling of computer chips etc.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective role of 6-amino flavone (6-AF) in cisplatin-induced neuro-inflammation in the developing brains of post-natal day-7 (PND-7) mice. METHODS: This experimental study, conducted at the Neuro Molecular Medicines Research Center in Peshawar, Pakistan, included 20 PND-7 mice from January to March 2023. PND-7 mice were randomly distributed into four groups, a control group, a cisplatin group, a cisplatin + 6-AF group, and a 6-AF group. Cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg to the cisplatin group. 6-AF was injected at a dose of 30 mg/kg after cisplatin administration to cisplatin+6-AF group and 6-AF group mice. After 4 hours of the drug treatment, all the PND-7 mice were sacrificed for Western blot analysis. ImageJ software was used for the densitometry of the blots. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests through Prism Graph-5 were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Significant differences in p-JNK levels along with TNF-α, NF-κB, and IL-1β proteins were observed in the brain homogenates of PND-7 mice in various groups. A post-hoc Tukey test revealed a significant increase (p

Lodging of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril.) significantly reduces seed yield and quality, particularly in high-yielding environments. This phenomenon occurs when stems weaken under the weight of the plants, complicating harvesting. This study investigated the relationship between soybean stem chemical composition, physical traits, and lodging resistance to improve yield and resilience. We found that as plant density increased, stem hardness decreased, and the elasticity increased, heightening the risk of lodging. Conversely, high temperature (28 °C) boosted lignin, cellulose and pectin content in the stem cell walls, enhancing the lodging resistance. Additionally, after excluding differences in phylogenetic relationships through cluster analysis, we mapped environment-stable genes linked to lodging resistance and identified new QTLs on Chr3 and Chr16. Candidate genes associated with these QTLs were confirmed using qRT–PCR and hormone treatments across diverse soybean varieties. It was found that the expression of stem tip genes was closely related to stem node diameter. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for breeding high-yielding soybean varieties with improved lodging resistance, and advance efforts to develop resilient soybean cultivars.