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Objectives: This study determines the effect of the Bobath approach versus task task-oriented approach for motor activity, activities of daily living and quality of life (QoL) in young stroke patients. Methods: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 patients participated in this study from different clinical setups (30 subjects in each group). The patients were analyzed after a three-month follow-up with the following three assessment tools: Barthel index (BI) scale for assessment of activities of daily living, motor assessment scale (MAS) for motor function and stroke-specific QoL scale (SSQOL) in post-stroke patients. Results: This study included two treatment groups (group A and group B) with an equal distribution of participants. Paired sample t-tests were applied to compare pre and posttreatment measures within each group. The results indicated significant changes in several measures. In pair 1 (pre-BI vs post-BI), the index showed a significant improvement after treatment. In pair 2 (pre-MA vs post-MA), the index also showed a significant improvement after treatment. However, in pair 3 (pre-SSQOL vs post-SSQOL), there were no significant changes in the SSQOL index. Furthermore, the independent sample t-tests were conducted to compare the measures between the groups. Accordingly, the results showed significant differences in some measures. In terms of pre-treatment BI and post-treatment BI, group A showed a significantly higher improvement after treatment. Meanwhile, group A showed a significantly higher improvement after treatment in pre-treatment MA and post-treatment MA. However, in pre-treatment SSQOL and post-treatment SSQOL, there were no significant differences between group A and group B in terms of SSQOL after treatment. Discussion: This study shows improvement in both treatment groups and effectiveness after the assessment of three different tools which assessed the overall body function of young stroke patients. Following the application of these tools, this study concluded which treatment is most effective as compared to other approaches in young stroke patients. However, in previous studies in which Bobath treatment was also compared with the motor relearning approach in geriatric stroke patients, in patients treated according to motor relearning, in patients who had a short stay in hospitals and those who were treated according to both treatment groups demonstrated effective improvement of body function; however, that study confirmed better results according to gender-wise description, i.e. women treated by motor relearning programme (MRP) are more effective and have better results compared to the Bobath approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the association between cervical radiculopathy and quality of life (QoL) in patients with cervical spondylosis. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 273 patients in five hospitals in Lahore within 3 months from April to June 2021. The Spurling test was used to measure cervical radiculopathy. The participants were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The Spurling test was used to measure cervical radiculopathy and its symptoms. The World Health Organization quality of life scale (WHOQoL) was used to evaluate the QoL of patients suffering from cervical spondylosis. Results: Of 273 patients, 42.9% were male and 57.1% female. Their Mean±SD age was 42±11.9 years. Also, 70.3% had positive Spurling test, and 29.7% had negative results. Their Mean±SD physical health score was 11.70±1.74 (out of a total of 20), and their Mean±SD psychological health score was 11.75±1.78 (out of a total of 20). The Mean±SD social relationships score was 11.19±2.98 (out of a total of 20), and their Mean±SD environment health score was 11.13±3.08 out of a total of 20. P indicates a significant difference in the QoL between patients with positive and negative Spurling tests. Patients with negative Spurling tests had higher QoL scores. Greater scores denote a higher QoL Discussion: There is a significant association between cervical radiculopathy and QoL in patients with cervical spondylosis. These results will help us in the future to design educational programs or modify the lifestyle of those patients with cervical radiculopathy. This research concluded that there is a significant difference in the QoL among patients with positive and negative Spurling tests. Patients with negative Spurling tests have higher QoL scores. Hence there is a significant association between diagnosed cervical radiculopathy and QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the roundworm Ascaridia galli has been found to be the most common poultry parasite, with 64.8% prevalence in flocks globally. It causes a 60–84% decrease in egg and meat production. Profitability is reduced without proper control of A. galli, and a wide range of chemically synthetic anthelmintics are commonly used. Emergence of drug resistance in nematodes has made scientists search for effective replacements. Among the alternatives to anthelmintics, natural products can be used which are more environment, consumer and host friendly, due to lower or no toxic effects. Certain plants exhibit anthelmintic effects through secondary metabolites (SMBs), such as terpenes (glycosides and saponins), phenolic compounds (flavonoids and tannins) and nitrogen-containing compounds (alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides and non-protein amino acids). Generally, SMBs exhibit control of nematodes by causing starvation, damaging the external membrane, impairing fertility and growth rate and damaging musculature. In this review paper, the studies related to the screening of plants and their SMBs’ activities (both in vivo and in vitro) are discussed. Some plants have efficacy more than 75% and comprehensive information about their taxonomy and dosage has been documented. Plants that have been found with intense efficacy against A. galli include Acanthus ilicifolius (100%), Cleome viscosa (100%), Osmium sanctum (100%), Murraya koenigii (100%), Sesbania grandiflora (90%), Citrus limon (87.5%), Polygonum hydropiper (83.3%), Swietenia macrophylla (76.6%) and Momordica charantia (75%). Important secondary metabolites include terpenoids (51.72%) followed by phenolic compounds (27.58%) and nitrogen-containing compounds (20.68%). Such plant-derived alternatives are almost 50% more cost-effective than synthetic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era of drug resistance, new medicinal plants are being evaluated for control of parasites. In the present study, the anthelmintic activity of the extract of herbal complex (HC) composed of four herbs (Origanum vulgare, Cinnamomum verum, Rosmarinus officinalis and Capsicum annuum) was assessed against eggs and adult Haemonchus (H.) contortus. Egg hatch test (EHT) and adult motility assay (AMA) was performed to evaluate the anthelmintic potential of HC. The reference drug used in EHT was oxfendazole and for AMA two drugs i.e. oxfendazole (2.265 mg ml-1) and levamisole (3mg ml-1) were used. In EHT, LC50 values of HC and oxfendazole were 498 and 1.6 ppm, respectively. In AMA, 100% mortality of H. contortus was observed after 6 hr of treatment with HC (100 mg ml-1) where as two positive control groups could not kill all worms after this exposure time. These results indicated the anthelmintic potential of HC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency of cervical radiculopathy in cases of non-traumatic chronic neck pain., Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2015 to February 2016 at the Department of Physiotherapy, Azra Naheed Medical College, Superior University, Lahore and comprised patients of either gender aged 20-50 years with chronic neck pain lasting more than 6 months. Data was collected using a 14-point self-administered questionnaire. Spurling test was applied to find out the occurrence of radiculopathy in chronic neck pain and the intensity of pain was rated using visual analogue scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 21., Results: Of the 196 patients, 135(68.9%) were females and 61(31.1%) were males. The largest age group was 20-30 years with 75(38.3%) patients. Also, 46(23.5%) patients had no neck pain, 144(73.5%) had moderate pain and 6(3.1%) had unbearable pain. Radiculopathy was negative in 84(42.9%) patients and positive in 112(57.1%)., Conclusions: Cervical radiculopathy was found to be associated with chronic neck pain.