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Underserved youth (e.g., from families facing inadequate housing, food insecurity, financial instability) are disproportionately exposed to traumatic experiences (e.g., family discord or violence, neglect, poverty, racism), which can lead to several negative life-long consequences (e.g., affective and somatic disturbances, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation). Community organizations that target underserved youth may be ideally situated to offset the negative consequences of trauma through leveraging a trauma-sensitive sport model for youth programming. A trauma-sensitive sport model involves a blend of positive youth development approaches (i.e., creating safe environments for youth to experience positive relationships, autonomy, and opportunities to build skills), trauma-sensitive approaches (e.g., considering the potential effects of trauma on youth’s participation and development, and prioritising their needs for safety, voice, empowerment, choice, and collaboration), and program designs that leverage and re-design sporting activities to help youth navigate trauma symptoms, build a social support system, and develop various resilience-related skills (e.g., emotional regulation, decision-making). Little research has examined the implementation and effectiveness of a trauma-sensitive sport model for youth programming in a community setting. Use of this model can contribute to greater capacities of youth sport leaders to promote underserved youth’s healthy participation and development. This dissertation was conducted in partnership with BGC Canada, a national non-profit community organization that serves disadvantaged communities. From 2016-2021, a trauma-sensitive sport model for youth programming was implemented in this organization through the Bounce Back League (BBL) initiative. The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the knowledge-to-action processes involved in translating this model in a community program setting. The knowledge-to-action cycle (KTAC; Graham et al., 2006) was used to conceptually guide the studies carried out in this dissertation, in outlining key phases for consideration in translating a trauma-sensitive sport model. While most of these phases are described in this dissertation, the empirical articles focused on assessing four phases of this cycle, which included: (a) assess barriers and facilitators to knowledge use, (b) select, tailor, and implement interventions, (c) monitor knowledge use, and (d) evaluate outcomes. Intrinsic case study methodologies were used to understand community-based knowledge translation processes and outcomes within the case of the BBL initiative. A community-based participatory research approach was used to engage in equitable collaboration between researchers and community members for the development of this initiative. Utilisation-focused evaluation principles were used to work with community members to determine what to evaluate, how to evaluate, and how results would be used. Grounded in a pragmatic paradigm, a mixed methods research design was used to collect data through the initiative, which included individual and group interviews with leaders, leader-reported logbooks, leaders self-reported questionnaires, leaders' assessments of youth's participation, communications on an online messaging platform (Slack), and researchers' observations of training opportunities and leaders' practices. The purpose of Article 1 was to outline the overarching process of integrating a trauma-sensitive sport model within the BBL program, from 2016-2021. Several stages of program development were described, including: (a) collaboratively planning the program; (b) piloting the program to three clubs; (c) adapting the program using pilot insights; (d) expanding the adapted program to ten clubs; and (e) creating opportunities to maintain, sustain, and scale-out practices throughout grant duration and beyond. Lessons learned regarding the leadership team’s experiences in terms of developing, adapting, and integrating a trauma-sensitive sport model for youth programming in this community context were shared. The purpose of Article 2 was to explore factors involved in the implementation of a trauma-sensitive sport model for youth programming in BBL. This article paralleled the KTAC phase of assess barriers and facilitators to knowledge use. A mixed-methods evaluation of the pilot phase of BBL was conducted. Three clubs participated in training, implementation, and evaluation of BBL. The data were collected through interviews, logbooks, and assessments. The quantitative data were interpreted using descriptive statistics and comparative t-tests; the qualitative data were interpreted using thematic and content analyses. The RE-AIM framework was used to categorise the various processes and outcomes involved in program implementation. The results showed that programs reached a large number of youth but struggled to retain youth from season to season. The leaders perceived that the intentional structure of the program, opportunities to practice self-regulation, relationship focus, and life skill focus, were all linked to positive participation in youth members. Components of leaders' training and program delivery were noted as successful, but the sustained benefits of these successes were challenged by leader turnover and funding limitations. In line with the KTAC phases, insights were generated on what works and what does not in facilitating this type of programming in a community setting for underserved youth and helped inform future adaptations to the program as it was rolled out (discussed in Article 1). The purpose of Article 3 was to explore leaders' learning experiences from participating in an initial training workshop and prior to their implementation of programming. This article paralleled the select, tailor, and implement interventions phase and the evaluate outcomes phase of the KTAC model. The value-creation framework was used to explore learning experiences based on the interactions and values that leaders discussed. Participants were leaders who attended initial training workshops. A mixed-methods approach was used to collect data through observations, interviews, and self-reported questionnaires. The quantitative data were interpreted using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Tests; the qualitative data were interpreted using thematic analysis. The results showed that the leaders: (a) valued having a variety of learning opportunities that were relevant to their roles and contexts, (b) appreciated the diverse focus on foundational and practical content, and (c) shared an interest to learn how to support trauma-exposed youth and facilitate better programming. Implications were discussed for the improvement of training opportunities to better meet leaders' needs within a community organization and support leaders' intentions to apply knowledge into action. Article 4 builds on the previous study, where the purpose was to explore leaders' learning experiences as they implemented programming and while they participated in continuing training and development activities. This article also paralleled the select, tailor, and implement interventions phase and the evaluate outcomes phase of the KTAC model. The participants were leaders who were involved in implementing BBL at their clubs. A mixed-methods approach was used to collect data through interviews, observations, surveys, and communications on an online messaging platform (Slack). The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, data charting, and non-parametric analyses; the qualitative data were interpreted using thematic analysis. The results indicated that the leaders learned through various interactions throughout their practice (e.g., implementing programs at their homes sites, receiving mentoring, conversations with peers), and discussed gains in applied value (e.g., program facilitation strategies, youth-support skills), realised value (e.g., youth's receptivity and behaviour change), and transformative value (e.g., transfer of leaders' skills, influence on club culture). Implications were discussed for the improvement of training opportunities to promote ongoing social learning and maintenance of program practices. The purpose of Article 5 was to explore the fidelity and quality of leaders' application of a trauma-sensitive sport model to programming. This article paralleled the monitor knowledge use phase of the KTAC model. The promising practices criteria were used as an evaluation framework to categorise dimensions of quality relevant to program effectiveness. Leaders from 11 BBL programs participated. A mixed-methods approach was used to collect data through observations, interviews, and logbooks. The quantitative data were interpreted using descriptive statistics; the qualitative data were interpreted using thematic analysis. The results showed that: (a) all programs showed evidence of supportive adult and youth relationships, (b) programs led by trained leaders maintained program fidelity and implemented more features to a stronger extent than untrained leaders, (c) trained leaders may have compromised mastery orientation opportunities in favour of other program components. Implications were discussed related to what may facilitate or constrain program fidelity and quality in this setting, and how training and development opportunities can mitigate challenges in leaders' capacities. This dissertation offered an evaluation of the knowledge-to-action processes involved in integrating a trauma-sensitive sport model into BGC Canada. The results of this dissertation provided insights of how BGC Canada leaders learned and facilitated a trauma-sensitive sport model for youth programming, the differences training and development may contribute to the quality of their program practices, and how involvement in this initiative resulted in changes in leaders' behaviours, skills, and identities, as well as positive youth developmental outcomes. Practical implications were shared on how BGC Canada and similar community organizations can enhance their partnership and facilitate these interventions. As well, the value of taking a systems-based approach to planning future interventions with a trauma-sensitive sport model was also discussed to maximise multi-level impacts. Academic implications were shared on how future research can also take a systems-based approach to evaluating knowledge translation processes in youth sport interventions.

Background: Translating efficacious physical activity (PA) interventions into the community is rarely done. This research to practice gap is concerning as those who need these programs most rarely have access to PA programming that is evidence-informed, safe, and feasible. Knowledge translation projects that foster partnerships with community organizations can close the gap. Cultivating quality partnerships and evaluating such projects to ensure effectiveness (vs. efficacy), methodological rigour, and sustainability is needed. Purpose: This symposium will detail four cases that adopt varied processes of translating evidenced-based PA interventions into practice: a trauma-informed youth sport program, a PA and diet diabetes prevention program, a multi-pronged approach to enhancing PA for children and adolescents affected by cancer, and PA programming for adult cancer survivors will be described. Description: Chair: Dr. Mary Jung, University of British Columbia. Introduction to Symposium Presenter 1: Majidullah Shaikh, University of Ottawa. Title: Building up the Bounce Back League: Embedding Trauma-Informed Sport Interventions throughout a National Youth Community Organization. Description: Trauma-informed sport is intended to promote resilience and psychosocial development of youth at risk of exposure to traumatic experiences. Shaikh will discuss a collaborative partnership with Boys and Girls Clubs of Canada to scale-out such practices and programming across Canada. Presenter 2: Dr. Corliss Bean, Brock University. Title: Small Steps for Big Changes: A Collaborative Approach to Integrating a Diabetes Prevention Program into YMCA Sites. Description: Bean will outline the process of translating an evidence-based diabetes prevention program aimed to improve healthy eating and exercise adherence in individuals with prediabetes into a community setting through a case example partnership between the YMCA of Okanagan and the Diabetes Prevention Research Group. Presenter 3: Dr. Amanda Wurz, University of the Fraser Valley. Title: Developing and Implementing Physical Activity Programming for Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Cancer. Description: Wurz will describe the multifaceted, integrated knowledge translation (iKT) approach being used to develop and implement evidence-informed PA programming for children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer. This includes the development of population-specific PA guidelines, training resources, community-based programming, and in-hospital programming. Presenter 4: Dr. Nicole Culos-Reed, University of Calgary. Title: Dissemination and Implementation of a Clinic-to- Community Exercise Oncology Model. Description: Culos-Reed will describe PA programming for adult cancer survivors in Alberta, and ongoing work to move their ���hub and spoke��� clinic-to-community exercise oncology model to reach rural cancer survivors across Canada. The importance of training fitness professionals and implementing behaviour change principles to support a culture shift of wellness in cancer care will be presented. Results: Strengths, challenges, and lessons learned will be shared with regards to program scale-up and sustainability including different engagement strategies (e.g., iKT) and developing resources and initiatives rather than providing mere programming (e.g., facilitator training, newsletters, walking groups, monthly meetings). An overview of the integration of evaluation frameworks (e.g., RE-AIM), models of behaviour change (e.g., COM-B), and patient-oriented research approaches will be highlighted. Conclusions: Lessons learned from these cases will continue to inform next steps in working collaboratively toward program scale-up and sustainability. Further, these cases can help to advance and translate knowledge of integrating and sustaining PA programming for optimal health and well-being across the lifespan. Funding: MS: Public Health Agency of Canada; MJ and CB: Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), UBC; AW and NCR: CIHR, SPOR, AI, ACF, CCSRI-CIHR, UCalgary., The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress