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Orange peel and its extract are good sources of phenols and vitamin C that can be used as powerful antioxidants and antibacterial. The effects of dietary ascorbic acid (AA), orange peel powder (OPP) and orange peel extract (OPE) supplementations on growth performance, blood biochemicals, gene expression and antioxidant status of growing rabbits under hot conditions were investigated. A total of 80 weaned Giant Flander male rabbits, five weeks old (606.25 ± 10.08 g), were randomly assigned to four groups. The first group received untreated diet (control group). The other groups received diets supplemented with 0.5 g AA/kg diet, 2% OPP and 500 mg OPE/kg diet. The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded by rabbits consumed diet supplemented with AA. Supplementations of OPP and OPE reduced blood plasma total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and very-low density lipoprotein concentrations. The tested diets reduced triglycerides, total lipids, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde levels, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of the rabbits cecum. Supplementation of OPE improved activities of superoxide dismutase gene (6.1475) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (9.2108). Conclusively, dietary supplementation of OPE improved rabbit performance through improving antioxidant enzyme activities as well as upregulation of insulin-like growth gene. Additionally, OPP and OPE (2% and 500 mg/kg diet, respectively) had antibacterial effects for growing rabbits under hot conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious Coryza (IC) is an infectious upper respiratory disease of chickens and birds, caused by Avibacterium Paragallinarum (Av. Paragallinarum). It is characterized by facial swelling and nasal discharge. Here, the study aimed to identify the causative agent of infectious coryza from diseased cases using conventional and molecular methods, forty-one different samples (swollen heads and nasal discharges) from layers and broiler chickens were examined bacteriologically for isolation of Av. Paragallinarum. The total isolation percentage was 9.75%, and the percentage was 66.7% from total layer samples. The samples underwent examination by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using HPG-2. Three samples were confirmed by PCR with a percentage of 7.3% (3/41). Multiplex PCR was used for typing the tested strains using HMTp210 gene thus, all strains were of type B. sequence analysis showed a maximum identity percentage (100%) between the tested strains of Av. Paragallinarum. In conclusion, typical signs for IC disease were appeared and identified bacteriologically as Av. Paragallinarum also three strains were only confirmed by PCR and identified type B strains. PCR technique is a reliable and sensitive test for confirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resistance to fluoroquinolones encouraged us to study the resistance of E. coli isolates from avian origin in Egypt. A total of 150 poultry samples (liver, lung, heart and bone marrow) collected from chickens, ducks and turkeys, 50 of each, were examined bacteriologically for the presence of E. coli. The obtained results showed that the isolation rate of E. coli was 43.3% (65 from 150 samples). Serotyping of the isolated E. coli revealed 19, 13 and 7 O groups in chickens, ducks and turkeys, respectively. The isolated E. coli was screened against 5 quinolones discs and also for five representing genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA and aac(6′)-Ib-cr). The absolute resistance to three out of five antimicrobial discs appeared in duck isolates; also chicken isolates showed resistance 100% to nalidixic acid and as totally the higher percentage for the examined resistance genes especially that has the role in decreasing the sensitivity to nofloxacin, cibrofloxacin and enrofloxacin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Rabbits are a highly sensitive species and susceptible to various bacterial pathogens that may be causative agents for early embryonic death. This study aimed to explore the administration of different bacterial agents in does suffering from early embryonic death. Furthermore, identification of genes associated with virulence was performed to identify the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns that may increase the virulence of pathogens and lead to early embryonic death., Materials and Methods: We isolated and identified bacterial agents in 106 samples from live and dead female rabbits that had undergone early embryonic death, including liver and intestine tissue, aborted fetuses, discharges, and vaginal swabs. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to confirm the identity of the isolated bacterial strains and their virulence. Moreover, antibiotic resistance was studied phenotypically and genotypically., Results: We isolated Escherichia coli , Salmonella , Staphylococcus aureus , Pasteurella multocida , and Listeria monocytogenes . PCR confirmed typical identification except in P. multocida , which was confirmed as Gallibacterium spp. in some cases. The final percentage of detection was 34%, 30.2%, 16.9%, 13.2%, and 11.3%, respectively. Virulence properties were investigated using different designated genes. All Salmonella strains harbored invA , stn , avrA , and ompf genes, while the sopE gene was identified in 31.25%. E. coli strains harboring the iss gene lacked the shiga toxin ( stx1 ) gene. L. monocytogenes and S. aureus strains harbored the hemolysin gene (66.7% and 33.4%, respectively). Multidrug resistance was detected phenotypically and genotypically in most strains. Each bacterial pathogen had a different antibiotic resistance profile., Conclusion: Multiple bacterial species may contribute to early embryonic death in does. Furthermore, the combined infection could be the main cause of early embryonic death. Thus, monitoring programs should bear this in mind and focus on the early detection of these bacterial agents in female rabbits to avoid embryonic death., (Copyright: © Roshdy, et al.)