301 results on '"Shalini Jain"'
Search Results
2. Abnormalities in gut virome signatures linked with cognitive impairment in older adults
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Adewale S. James, Noorul A. Adil, Dayna Goltz, Divyani Tangudu, Diptaraj S. Chaudhari, Rohit Shukla, Vivek Kumar, Ambuj Kumar, Michal M. Masternak, Peter Holland, Corinne Labyak, Adam Golden, Mariana Dangiolo, Andrea Y. Arikawa, Judyta Kociolek, Amoy Fraser, Cynthia Williams, Marc Agronin, Mariolga Aymat, Shalini Jain, and Hariom Yadav
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Virome ,phage ,microbiome ,aging ,cognition ,dementia ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
Multiple emerging lines of evidence indicate that the microbiome contributes to aging and cognitive health. However, the roles of distinct microbial components, such as viruses (virome) and their interactions with bacteria (bacteriome), as well as their metabolic pathways (metabolome) in relation to aging and cognitive function, remain poorly understood. Here, we present proof-of-concept results from a pilot study using datasets (n = 176) from the Microbiome in Aging Gut and Brain (MiaGB) consortium, demonstrating that the human virome signature significantly differs across the aging continuum (60s vs. 70s vs. 80+ years of age) in older adults. We observed that the predominant virome signature was enriched with bacteriophages, which change considerably with aging continuum. Analyses of interactions between phages and the host bacteriome suggest that lytic or temperate relationships change distinctly across the aging continuum, as well as cognitive impairment. Interestingly, the phage-bacteriome-metabolome interactions develop unique patterns that are distinctly linked to aging and cognitive dysfunction in older adults. The phage-bacteriome interactions affect bacterial metabolic pathways, potentially impacting older adults’ health, including the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Further comprehension of these studies could provide opportunities to target the microbiome by developing phage therapies to improve aging and brain health in older adults.
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- 2024
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3. Synergistic therapeutic effect of Guggul gum resin on antidiabetic activity of saxagliptin
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Shalini Jain, Mukesh Kumar Sharma, Asad Syed, Ali H. Bahkali, Surendra Nimesh, Nidhi Gupta, and Sreemoyee Chatterjee
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Commiphora wightii ,CYP3A11 ,Guggul extract ,Saxagliptin ,Synergistic ,Type 2 diabetes mellitus ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is an endocrine metabolic disorder leading to impaired glucose utilization. This disease is managed by both commercial drugs and herbal products eliciting various interactions. The evaluation of one such interaction between saxagliptin (SAXA, substrate of CYP3A4), and Guggul extract (GE) from Commiphora wightii is done in this present study. The concomitant administration of the SAXA with GE had restored the levels of otherwise increased blood glucose and biochemical parameters and otherwise decreased total glycogen and oxidative stress markers more effectively as compared to the solely consumed SAXA or GE. These results were corroborated by histopathological evaluation where the combination treatment showed better mitigation of hepatic, renal and pancreatic tissue damage that occurred due to induced diabetes. Furthermore, CYP3A11 mRNA (murine homolog to human CYP3A4) expression levels were observed to be reduced to non-diabetic levels in combination therapy which was otherwise unachievable. The molecular docking studies predicted improved interaction between CYP3A4 and bioactive content of GE, i.e., guggulsterone E-Z, possessing binding energy of −9.96 kcal/mol along with SAXA, confirming the co-existence of both the ligands at different binding sites of the metabolizing enzyme. The synergistic interactions of GE and SAXA helped in better restoration of tissue damage and increased CYP3A11 mRNA expression levels caused by induced diabetes.
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- 2024
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4. Chemical Reactions on MHD Couple Stress Fluids towards Stretchable Inclined Cylinder
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Suman Sharma and Shalini Jain
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couple stress fluid ,mhd ,nonlinear convection ,porous media ,homogeneous – heterogeneous reaction ,Technology - Abstract
This study focuses on exploring the influence of homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions on a couple of stress fluids surrounding a permeable inclined stretching cylinder. The impact of a uniform magnetic field and porous media is also considered in the fluid model. It is assumed that the diffusion coefficients for chemical species A and B are of similar magnitudes and that the heat released during the chemical reaction is negligible. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are evolved and transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using adequate similarity alterations. These ODEs are subsequently solved using the shooting technique in conjunction with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, implemented through MATLAB software. Results are presented through graphs and tables depicting the velocity, temperature, and concentration fields. Furthermore, numerical findings for the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are discussed. The concentration field experiences a decline as homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions intensify, attributable to the heightened dispersion of concentrations across the system, resulting in a more intricate distribution pattern.
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- 2024
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5. Leiomyoma of maxillary sinus
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Ravi Hari Phulware, Shalini Jain, Akash Dhiman, Arvind Ahuja, and Arvind Kumar
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Medicine ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor that most commonly occurs in the uterus; however, it can also manifest in various extragenital locations, including the maxillary sinus.1,2 While leiomyomas of the maxillary sinus are occasional, they present unique diagnostic and management challenges. The maxillary sinus, one of the paranasal sinuses in the facial bones, is typically associated with sinusitis or odontogenic infections.1 Therefore, clinicians primarily consider inflammatory or neoplastic etiologies when encountering a mass within the maxillary sinus. Among the possible neoplastic causes, leiomyoma is a less frequently encountered entity, but it should be considered in the differential diagnosis.1,2 Understanding the clinical presentation, radiological features, and appropriate management strategies for leiomyoma of the maxillary sinus is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. This case report aims to contribute to the existing medical knowledge by presenting a unique case of leiomyoma arising in the maxillary sinus, discussing the diagnostic approach treatment options, and highlighting any noteworthy findings.2,3 Leiomyoma of the maxillary sinus can present with various symptoms, including nasal obstruction, facial pain or pressure, recurrent sinusitis, epistaxis (nosebleeds), or a palpable mass in the maxillary region.1,3 However, these symptoms are non-specific and can be mistaken for other sinus entities. Therefore, it is essential to consider leiomyoma as a differential diagnosis in patients with such clinical presentations. Diagnosing leiomyoma of the maxillary sinus can be challenging due to its rarity and overlapping symptoms with other sinus entities. Imaging studies, such as compute tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), play a crucial role in identifying the presence, location, and extent of the tumor.3,4 However, a definitive diagnosis requires a histopathological examination of the excised tissue. When encountering a maxillary sinus mass, the differential diagnosis includes various benign and malignant conditions. Potential differentials include inverted papilloma, angiofibroma, Schneiderian papilloma, mucocele, and even malignancies like sinonasal carcinoma or sarcoma. Proper evaluation, including clinical, radiological, and histopathological assessment, is necessary to differentiate leiomyoma from other lesions.4,5 Khanna et al.1 reported the case of a leiomyoma originating in the maxillary sinus in a 55-year-old female. The patient presented with facial pain and nasal obstruction. The CT revealed a well-defined mass in the maxillary sinus. Surgical excision was performed, and the histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma. Rana et al.2 presented a case of a 37-year-old male with a leiomyoma in the maxillary sinus. The patient complained of nasal obstruction and recurrent sinusitis. The CT imaging showed a polypoidal mass in the maxillary sinus, and endoscopic sinus surgery was performed to remove the tumor. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma. In a retrospective study by Li et al.3 seven cases of leiomyoma arising from the maxillary sinus were analyzed. The study highlighted these patients' clinical features, radiological findings, and treatment outcomes. The authors emphasized the importance of considering leiomyoma as a potential diagnosis when evaluating maxillary sinus masses. Khan et al.4 reported a case of leiomyoma originating from the maxillary sinus in a 50-year-old male. The patient presented with nasal obstruction, facial pain, and recurrent epistaxis. Imaging studies revealed a soft tissue mass in the maxillary sinus, and endoscopic sinus surgery was performed for complete excision. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma. Another case report by Nandedkar et al.5 described a rare presentation of leiomyoma in the maxillary sinus in a 24-year-old male. The patient presented with nasal obstruction and was found to have a mass in the maxillary sinus on imaging. Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed, and the tumor was completely excised. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma. These case reports and studies collectively highlight the variable clinical presentations, radiological features, and successful management strategies for the leiomyoma of the maxillary sinus. Due to the rarity of this condition, a high index of suspicion is required for accurate diagnosis, and surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. Further research and case studies are needed to expand our knowledge and improve patient outcomes in this rare entity.3,5 The mainstay of treatment for leiomyoma of the maxillary sinus is surgical excision. The approach can vary depending on the size and location of the tumor. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is often employed as a minimally invasive technique for complete resection.2,3 In certain cases, an open surgical approach may be required for more extensive tumors. Surgery aims to achieve complete excision while preserving the surrounding structures and achieving symptomatic relief. Leiomyoma of the maxillary sinus has a favorable prognosis due to its benign nature. Complete surgical excision usually leads to the resolution of symptoms and low recurrence rates. Long-term follow-up is important to monitor for any recurrence or complications.1,2 It is important to note that the literature on leiomyoma of the maxillary sinus is limited to case reports and small studies due to its rarity. Further research and larger studies are needed to gather more data on this condition's clinical characteristics, optimal treatment approaches, and long-term outcomes. Postoperative care typically involves nasal irrigation, pain management, and antibiotics. Regular follow-up visits are essential to monitor the patient's recovery, assess for any signs of recurrence, and manage any postoperative complications.2,4 The prognosis of leiomyoma of the maxillary sinus is generally favorable. Since leiomyomas are benign tumors, they do not have the potential to metastasize or invade adjacent structures. With complete surgical excision, most patients experience symptom resolution and have low recurrence rates.4,5 In conclusion, leiomyoma of the maxillary sinus is a rare entity that requires consideration in the differential diagnosis of maxillary sinus masses. Despite the diagnostic challenges, accurate evaluation through clinical assessment, imaging studies, and histopathological examination is crucial for appropriate management. Surgical excision remains the primary treatment modality, with a favorable prognosis and low recurrence rates. Figure 1 refers to a 45-year-old female patient who presented to the otolaryngology clinic complaining of progressive nasal obstruction and intermittent dull facial pain on the right side. She reported that her symptoms had been gradually worsening over the past six months. There were no associated symptoms such as epistaxis, nasal discharge, or changes in smell. The patient had no significant medical history and did not report any history of previous sinus infections or allergies. She had no history of smoking or exposure to environmental toxins. On physical examination, tenderness was on palpation over the right maxillary sinus area. The nasal passages appeared patent, with no visible polyps or signs of inflammation. The rest of the head and neck examination, including the oral cavity, was unremarkable. A flexible nasal endoscopy revealed a bulging mass in the right middle meatus obstructing the ostium of the maxillary sinus. The rest of the nasal cavity and other sinus ostia appeared normal. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the paranasal sinuses was obtained, which demonstrated a well-defined, non-enhancing soft tissue mass filling the right maxillary sinus. There were no signs of erosion into surrounding structures or evidence of distant metastasis. Figure 1A – Gross photomicrograph shows a greyish white to tan-white well circumscribed but nonencapsulated tumor. The cut surface shows firm, whorled surface areas with hemorrhage (scale bar= 5 cm); B – shows a tumor composed of interlacing fascicles of smooth muscle bundles (H&E, 40X); C – Immunohistochemical reaction for smooth muscle actin (SMA) demonstrating smooth muscle bundles and vessel walls (100X); D – Immunohistochemical reaction for Desmin shows diffuse cytoplasmic positivity (100X).: Based on the clinical presentation and imaging findings, a provisional diagnosis of leiomyoma of the maxillary sinus was made. The patient was counseled about the benign nature of the tumor and the recommended treatment options. The patient underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for complete excision of the leiomyoma. During the procedure, the tumor was identified and carefully dissected from the surrounding sinus mucosa. Hemostasis was achieved, and the surgical site was thoroughly irrigated. Histopathological examination of the excised specimen confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma, showing spindle-shaped cells with cigar-shaped nuclei arranged in fascicles. No malignant features or atypical mitotic figures were observed. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery with the resolution of her symptoms. She was followed up regularly to monitor for any signs of recurrence or complications. During the follow-up visits, the patient remained asymptomatic, with no signs of tumor recurrence or associated complications.
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- 2024
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6. Effect of Activation Energy on Magnetized Couple Stress Fluid over an Inclined Stretching Permeable Cylinder
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Suman Sharma and Shalini Jain
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couple stress fluid ,thermal radiation ,non-uniform heat source ,soret effect ,dufour effect ,activation energy ,non-darcy medium ,double stratification ,Technology - Abstract
Activation energy is of considerable significance in diverse applications such as chemical kinetics, catalyst development, enzymes, semiconductors, and systems sensitive to temperature, such as chemical reactors and engines. The objective of this research is to investigate the influence of activation energy on a magnetized couple stress fluid over an inclined stretching permeable cylinder in a non-Darcy porous medium. The effects of cross-diffusion and stratified mixed convection are also considered in fluid model. The boundary layer equations, which describe the flow, have been converted into dimensionless form through suitable transformable variables. Subsequently, these transformed equations are solved using fourth order Runge-Kutta mechanism along with the shooting technique. The outcomes comprise visual depictions and comprehensive explanations demonstrating the influence of relevant variables on thermal, concentration, and velocity fields. Observations reveal that the concentration profile is directly influenced by the Forchheimer number and activation energy parameter, whereas both temperature and concentration fields decrease with elevated thermal and solutal stratification parameters. Additionally, numerical outcomes for the skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are presented in tabular form.
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- 2025
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7. Comparing anesthesia modes in major burns: Total intravenous anesthesia versus general anesthesia - A cross-sectional study in a Central Indian government hospital
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Shalini Jain, Nandita Shivram, Sachin Verma, and Arora KK
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major burn patients ,early excision and skin grafting ,total intravenous anesthesia ,general anesthesia ,aldrete score ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Burn injuries remain a significant public health concern, causing complex trauma. Early excision and skin grafting are standard in burn management to reduce infection and scarring. The choice of anesthesia is critical for optimal pain control and hemodynamic stability. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to compare total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and general anesthesia (GA) in patients of major burns. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia, M.G.M. Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore, over a period of 12 months. One hundred and twenty patients with 10–12% total burn area were included and randomized into two groups of 60 patients each. Group T patients received TIVA and Group G patients received GA. Results: Both the groups were comparable with respect to age, gender, and baseline vitals. The mean heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean MAP were significantly higher in Group G at 0, 30, and 60 min. In Group T, all patients achieved an Aldrete score of 9 or more within 10 min. Pain was more prevalent in Group G patients, and the comparison was found to be statistically significant. The mean time to first rescue analgesia in Group T was later than Group G, and the difference was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: From the results, we may conclude that TIVA provides superior hemodynamic stability, shorter post-anesthesia unit recovery time, and improved analgesia compared to GA. However, there are lacunae in the literature, hence we recommend that larger studies comparing these two anesthesia modes be conducted before generalizing the present findings to the general population.
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- 2023
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8. Determining Fermentation Conditions to Enhance Antioxidant Properties and Nutritional Value of Basil Seeds Using Lactobacillus plantarum
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Sima Maleki, Seyed Hadi Razavi, Hariom Yadav, Zeinab E. Mousavi, and Shalini Jain
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solid-state fermentation ,probiotic ,basil ,optimizing condition ,antioxidant properties ,niacin ,Fermentation industries. Beverages. Alcohol ,TP500-660 - Abstract
Fermented seeds and their bioactive compounds have captivated global interest due to their functional properties. Basil seeds are used worldwide in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, but their functional and nutritional properties after fermentation are not known. The aim of this study was to optimize the effect of fermentation on the improvement in the functional properties of basil seeds by Lactobacillus plantarum. Basil seed samples were categorized into seven water volumes (named A–G) and fermented for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h with L. Plantarum. The results show that the pH and total microbial content (TMC) significantly changed after 24 h of fermentation (p < 0.05). Fermentation significantly increased the antioxidant properties and niacin content of basil seeds compared with non-fermented control samples (p < 0.05). Fermented samples G-24, G-48, and G-72 (samples with a ratio of 1 g (basil):10 mL (water) fermented for 24,48 and 72 h), exhibited the highest DPPH and ABTS• scavenging activity. The total polyphenol content (TPC) was most prominent in the samples G-72, G-24, and G-48, respectively. Sample G-48 showed the highest antioxidant activity. Notably, sample G-24 showed a significant increase in niacin content (64 µg/mL). These results underscore that varying moisture levels and fermentation durations have a significant impact on the nutritional/functional value of basil seeds. Overall, fermenting basil seeds with L. plantarum increased their functional properties with greater antioxidant and TPC activities as well as increased nutritional value.
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- 2024
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9. Evaluation of thyromental distance versus tongue width versus weight-based method for size determination of laryngeal mask airway in adults
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Shalini Jain, Priyanka Joshi, and K K Arora
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laryngeal mask airway ,anesthesia ,hemodynamic ,ventilation ,airway ,thyromental distance ,tongue width ,body weight ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Supraglottic airway devices (SGD) are indispensable for airway management. The successful placement of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) supreme largely depends on the right size selection. Aims and Objectives: The study was undertaken to compare three LMA supreme insertion methods in short elective surgeries under general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Atotal of 90 American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II patients (either gender, 18–55 years, Mallampati grade I and II) undergoing short surgeries were randomized into three equal groups (n=30 in each). Insertion of LMA was done after an adequate depth of anesthesia for jaw relaxation (Young’s criteria). The efficacy of controlled ventilation through LMA by each method, success rate, ease of insertion, insertion time, additional induction dose (propofol) required during insertion, hemodynamic stability (baseline vitals and 10 min after insertion), and adverse events after LMA removal were evaluated between groups. Results: Better ventilation (tidal volume at 10 cmH2O) was observed in the thyromental group (448±35) than in tongue width (440±46) and weight-based (409±33) groups. Minimum additional propofol requirement during insertion was in thyromental distance group. Thyromental distance group had the most easy LMA insertions (70%) with minimum insertion time (10±4) and minimum additional propofol requirement during insertion (P
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- 2023
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10. Comparison between transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and metoclopramide in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after gastrointestinal laparoscopic surgery-A prospective and randomized study
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Shalini Jain, Ruchi Agrawal, Ravi Barde, and K K Arora
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laparoscopic surgery ,metoclopramide ,postoperative nausea vomiting ,transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is a common complication after laparoscopic surgery and general anesthesia. It increases the patient’s discomfort and compromises the surgical outcome. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (TENS) and Injection of Metoclopramide for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing gastrointestinal laparoscopic surgery. The secondary objective of the study was to find out the percentage of cases needed rescue antiemetic drug (Inj. Ondansetron) when prophylaxis failed. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial conducted at M.G.M. Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore. 90 patients of 18–60 years of age, ASA physical status I-II, undergoing elective laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery were included. Patients were allocated randomly into two equal groups. Group T received TENS (the stimulation group) at P6 acupressure point, whereas group M received an injection of Metoclopramide before induction of anesthesia. Patients in both groups were observed for 24 h postoperatively for the incidence of nausea and vomiting and the requirement for rescue antiemetic. Results: The percentage of Postoperative Nausea Vomiting (PONV) and requirement of rescue antiemetics in both the groups were comparable in the first 6 h following laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgeries (P=1.000). There was no significant difference in PONV and rescue antiemetic requirement at 24 h in both the groups. Conclusion: TENS stimulation at P6 acupressure point is comparable to injection of Metoclopramide in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgeries.
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- 2023
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11. Poor Oral Health Linked with Higher Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease
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Mihir S. Kulkarni, Brandi C. Miller, Manan Mahani, Rahul Mhaskar, Athanasios Tsalatsanis, Shalini Jain, and Hariom Yadav
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Alzheimer’s disease ,cognition ,dementia ,oral health ,oral microbiome ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive and behavioral changes in older adults. Emerging evidence suggests poor oral health is associated with AD, but there is a lack of large-scale clinical studies demonstrating this link. Herein, we used the TriNetX database to generate clinical cohorts and assess the risk of AD and survival among >30 million de-identified subjects with normal oral health (n = 31,418,814) and poor oral health (n = 1,232,751). There was a greater than two-fold increase in AD risk in the poor oral health cohort compared to the normal oral health group (risk ratio (RR): 2.363, (95% confidence interval: 2.326, 2.401)). To reduce potential bias, we performed retrospective propensity score matching for age, gender, and multiple laboratory measures. After matching, the cohorts had no significant differences in survival probability. Furthermore, when comparing multiple oral conditions, diseases related to tooth loss were the most significant risk factor for AD (RR: 3.186, (95% CI: 3.007, 3.376)). Our results suggest that oral health may be important in AD risk, regardless of age, gender, or laboratory measures. However, more large-scale cohort studies are necessary to validate these findings and further evaluate links between oral health and AD.
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- 2023
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12. The effects of prebiotics on gastrointestinal side effects of metformin in youth: A pilot randomized control trial in youth-onset type 2 diabetes
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Sydney A. Dixon, Sidharth Mishra, Katrina B. Dietsche, Shalini Jain, Lilian Mabundo, Michael Stagliano, Andrea Krenek, Amber Courville, Shanna Yang, Sara A. Turner, Abby G. Meyers, Doris E. Estrada, Hariom Yadav, and Stephanie T. Chung
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diabetes ,side effects (SE) ,gastrointestinal ,microbiome ,metformin ,prebiotics ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Disclosure summaryDr. Yadav is Chief Scientific Officer and Co-Founder of Postbiotics Inc and has no conflict of interest with this work. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.BackgroundMetformin is the only approved first-line oral glucose lowering agent for youth with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Y-T2DM) but often causes gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, which may contribute to reduced treatment adherence and efficacy. Prebiotic intake may reduce metformin’s side effects by shifting microbiota composition and activity.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to determine the feasibility and tolerability of a prebiotic supplement to improve metformin-induced GI symptoms and explore the changes in glycemia and shifts in the microbiota diversity.MethodsIn a two-phase pilot clinical trial, we compared, stool frequency and stool form every 1-2 days, and composite lower GI symptoms (weekly) at initiation of daily metformin combined with either a daily prebiotic or a placebo shake in a 1-week randomized double-blind crossover design (Phase 1), followed by a 1-month open-labeled extension (Phase 2). Plasma glycemic markers and stool samples were collected before and after each phase.ResultsSix Y-T2DM (17.2 ± 1.7y (mean ± SD), 67% male, BMI (42 ± 9 kg/m2), HbA1c (6.4 ± 0.6%)) completed the intervention. Stool frequency, stool composition, and GI symptom scores did not differ by group or study phase. There were no serious or severe adverse events reported, and no differences in metabolic or glycemic markers. After one week Phase 1metformin/placebo Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Enterobacteriales were identified as candidate biomarkers of metformin effects. Principle coordinate analyses of beta diversity suggested that the metformin/prebiotic intervention was associated with distinct shifts in the microbiome signatures at one week and one month.ConclusionAdministration of a prebiotic fiber supplement during short-term metformin therapy was well tolerated in Y-T2DM and associated with modest shifts in microbial composition. This study provides a proof-of-concept for feasibility exploring prebiotic-metformin-microbiome interactions as a basis for adjunctive metformin therapy.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT04209075.
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- 2023
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13. Editorial: Impact of ketogenic diet on metabolic and brain health
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Paola Sacchetti, Shalini Jain, Hariom Yadav, and Antonio Paoli
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cognitive function ,microbiome and dysbiosis ,inflammation ,diet ,metabolic therapy ,Alzheimer's disease ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Published
- 2023
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14. Diet-microbiome-gut-brain nexus in acute and chronic brain injury
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Maria Alexander Krakovski, Niraj Arora, Shalini Jain, Jennifer Glover, Keith Dombrowski, Beverly Hernandez, Hariom Yadav, and Anand Karthik Sarma
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microbiome ,ketogenic diet ,acute brain injury ,chronic neurological disorders ,stroke ,neurodegeneration ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
In recent years, appreciation for the gut microbiome and its relationship to human health has emerged as a facilitator of maintaining healthy physiology and a contributor to numerous human diseases. The contribution of the microbiome in modulating the gut-brain axis has gained significant attention in recent years, extensively studied in chronic brain injuries such as Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s Disease. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that gut microbiome also contributes to acute brain injuries like stroke(s) and traumatic brain injury. Microbiome-gut-brain communications are bidirectional and involve metabolite production and modulation of immune and neuronal functions. The microbiome plays two distinct roles: it beneficially modulates immune system and neuronal functions; however, abnormalities in the host’s microbiome also exacerbates neuronal damage or delays the recovery from acute injuries. After brain injury, several inflammatory changes, such as the necrosis and apoptosis of neuronal tissue, propagates downward inflammatory signals to disrupt the microbiome homeostasis; however, microbiome dysbiosis impacts the upward signaling to the brain and interferes with recovery in neuronal functions and brain health. Diet is a superlative modulator of microbiome and is known to impact the gut-brain axis, including its influence on acute and neuronal injuries. In this review, we discussed the differential microbiome changes in both acute and chronic brain injuries, as well as the therapeutic importance of modulation by diets and probiotics. We emphasize the mechanistic studies based on animal models and their translational or clinical relationship by reviewing human studies.
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- 2022
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15. Effect of Bispectral Index versus End Tidal Anaesthetic Gas Concentration on Time to Tracheal Extubation for Isoflurane Based General Anaesthesia- A Prospective Observational Study
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Shalini Jain, Ravina Pandya, Kishore Kumar Arora, and Neetu Gupta
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depth of anaesthesia ,haemodynamic parameters ,minimum alveolar concentration ,recovery time ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Modalities like Bispectral Index Monitoring (BIS) and End Tidal Anaesthetic Gas (ETAG) concentration guided anaesthesia have been used to study the intraoperative awareness but their efficacy for achieving early tracheal extubation has not been established. Aim: To compare the effect of BIS monitoring and ETAG concentration guided anaesthesia on time to tracheal extubation and haemodynamics for isoflurane based general anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Government Medical College and MY Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, from June 2020 to June 2021. Total 60 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II who received isoflurane based general anaesthesia were included in study. Depending upon the modality being used by the anaesthesiologist to monitor and maintain the depth of anaesthesia, the patients were allocated in equal numbers into two group. Group B received BIS guided anaesthesia, where BIS value was kept between 40 and 60 and group E received ETAG concentration guided anaesthesia, where Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) was kept between 0.7 to 1.3. Tracheal extubation time was recorded from stopping all anaesthetic agents upto the time of extubation. Unpaired t-test was applied for analysis of data. Results: The mean tracheal extubation time was significantly longer in the BIS group (21.14±2.23 minutes) as compared to ETAG group (15.20±1.27 minutes). All haemodynamic parameters i.e., pulse rate, mean arterial pressure and oxygen saturation remained within normal limits and were comparable between the two groups at all the time intervals. Conclusion: The tracheal extubation time is significantly longer in BIS guided anaesthesia as compared to ETAG guided anaesthesia. The ETAG monitoring promotes earlier extubation of patients as compared to BIS monitoring in isoflurane based general anaesthesia.
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- 2022
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16. Dichloroacetate improves systemic energy balance and feeding behavior during sepsis
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Tae Seok Oh, Manal Zabalawi, Shalini Jain, David Long, Peter W. Stacpoole, Charles E. McCall, and Matthew A. Quinn
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Immunology ,Medicine - Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to an infection. The metabolic aberrations associated with sepsis underly an acute and organism-wide hyperinflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction; however, crosstalk between systemic metabolomic alterations and metabolic reprogramming at organ levels remains unknown. We analyzed substrate utilization by the respiratory exchange ratio, energy expenditure, metabolomic screening, and transcriptional profiling in a cecal ligation and puncture model to show that sepsis increases circulating free fatty acids and acylcarnitines but decreases levels of amino acids and carbohydrates, leading to a drastic shift in systemic fuel preference. Comparative analysis of previously published metabolomics from septic liver indicated a positive correlation with hepatic and plasma metabolites during sepsis. In particular, glycine deficiency was a common abnormality of the plasma and liver during sepsis. Interrogation of the hepatic transcriptome in septic mice suggested that the septic liver may contribute to systemic glycine deficiency by downregulating genes involved in glycine synthesis. Interestingly, intraperitoneal injection of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor dichloroacetate reversed sepsis-induced anorexia, energy imbalance, inflammation, dyslipidemia, hypoglycemia, and glycine deficiency. Collectively, our data indicated that PDK inhibition rescued systemic energy imbalance and metabolic dysfunction in sepsis partly through restoration of hepatic fuel metabolism.
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- 2022
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17. Co-morbidities and Complications in COVID-19 Recovered Patients in Bhilwara District, Rajasthan, India: A Descriptive Study
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Mahesh Kumar Choudary, Shalini Jain, Surendra Meena, Daulat Meena, Arun Gour, and Shalabh Sharma
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coronavirus disease-19 ,diabetes ,hypertension ,post covid fibrosis ,septicaemia ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) infection is associated with high rates of pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications that may continue to incur morbidity, disability and delayed mortality in survivors. These include hyperglycaemia, cardiac injury, acute ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, neurological deficits, acute kidney injury and liver injury. Aim: To describe symptoms and complications being faced by COVID-19 recovered patients, as well their socio-demographic profile and co-morbidities. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted for the period of 12 months from April 2020 to March 2021. Out of nearly 10,000 recovered COVID-19 patients, 1000 patients were selected randomly. The patients were categorised gender-wise (male and female) and locality-wise (urban and rural) and an attempt was made to find if any significant difference exists in the symptoms and complications based on above categorisation. The test used for this purpose was Chi-square test and Fisher’s-exact test. Results: Mean age of participants was 50.2±15.7 years and 43.8% had co-morbidities. Common complications included hyperglycaemia (n=28), acute kidney injury (n=8), acute liver injury (n=5), cardiovascular accident and stroke (n=5), septicaemia (n=8), ischaemic heart disease (n=7), deep vein thrombosis (n=2), cytokine release syndrome (n=10) and post COVID-19 fibrosis (n=3). For septicaemia, a statistically significant difference (p
- Published
- 2022
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18. Corrigendum to 'Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics for Metabolic Diseases'
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Manoj Kumar, Ravinder Nagpal, Rajesh Kumar, R. Hemalatha, Vinod Verma, Ashok Kumar, Chaitali Chakraborty, Birbal Singh, Francesco Marotta, Shalini Jain, and Hariom Yadav
- Subjects
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Published
- 2022
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19. Activation of Microbiota Sensing – Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 Signaling Ameliorates Amyloid-β Induced Neurotoxicity by Modulating Proteolysis-Senescence Axis
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Atefeh Razazan, Prashantha Karunakar, Sidharth P. Mishra, Shailesh Sharma, Brandi Miller, Shalini Jain, and Hariom Yadav
- Subjects
microbiota ,free fatty acid ,G-coupled protein receptor ,FFAR2 (GPR43) ,fenchol ,natural compounds ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Multiple emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota contributes to the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)—a debilitating public health problem in older adults. However, strategies to beneficially modulate gut microbiota and its sensing signaling pathways remain largely unknown. Here, we screened, validated, and established the agonists of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) signaling, which senses beneficial signals from short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by microbiota. The abundance of SCFAs, is often low in the gut of older adults with AD. We demonstrated that inhibition of FFAR2 signaling increases amyloid-beta (Aβ) stimulated neuronal toxicity. Thus, we screened FFAR2 agonists using an in-silico library of more than 144,000 natural compounds and selected 15 of them based on binding with FFAR2-agonist active sites. Fenchol (a natural compound commonly present in basil) was recognized as a potential FFAR2 stimulator in neuronal cells and demonstrated protective effects against Aβ-stimulated neurodegeneration in an FFAR2-dependent manner. In addition, Fenchol reduced AD-like phenotypes, such as Aβ-accumulation, and impaired chemotaxis behavior in Caenorhabditis (C.) elegans and mice models, by increasing Aβ-clearance via the promotion of proteolysis and reduced senescence in neuronal cells. These results suggest that the inhibition of FFAR2 signaling promotes Aβ-induced neurodegeneration, while the activation of FFAR2 by Fenchol ameliorates these abnormalities by promoting proteolytic Aβ-clearance and reducing cellular senescence. Thus, stimulation of FFAR2 signaling by Fenchol as a natural compound can be a therapeutic approach to ameliorate AD pathology.
- Published
- 2021
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20. Adipocyte β-arrestin-2 is essential for maintaining whole body glucose and energy homeostasis
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Sai P. Pydi, Shanu Jain, Wesley Tung, Yinghong Cui, Lu Zhu, Wataru Sakamoto, Shalini Jain, Brent S. Abel, Monica C. Skarulis, Jie Liu, Thanh Huynh, Karel Pacak, Marc G. Caron, Oksana Gavrilova, Toren Finkel, and Jürgen Wess
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Beta3-adrenergic receptor signaling regulates adipose tissue browning. Here, the authors show that barr2 regulates internalization of beta3-adrenergic receptors and that mice lacking barr2 in adipocytes are protected from diet-induced weight gain and metabolic complications.
- Published
- 2019
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21. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices toward prevention of hepatitis B infection among medical students in a high-risk setting of a newly established medical institution
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Akanksha Rathi, Vikas Kumar, Jitendra Majhi, Shalini Jain, Panna Lal, and Satyavir Singh
- Subjects
hepatitis screening ,hepatitis b ,high risk ,knowledge ,attitude ,and practices ,medical students ,Medicine - Abstract
BACKGROUND: India is in the intermediate hepatitis B virus endemicity zone with hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence among the general population ranges from 2% to 8%. Among health-care workers, seroprevalence is two to four times higher than that of the general population. AIM: The aim of the study was done to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) of medical students regarding hepatitis B. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted from March to April 2018. Students were invited to the department on specified dates for awareness and immunization against hepatitis B. Their KAP was assessed with the help of a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: With a response rate of 81.3%, a total of 161 students participated in the study out of 198. Out of the 161 study participants, only 13 (8%) students had received a completed course of hepatitis B vaccination in the past, 30 (18.7%) students had a history of inability to complete the three doses of hepatitis B vaccination, and the rest 118 (73.3%) students were never immunized against hepatitis B. The knowledge about the risk of acquiring the disease at the hospital or high-risk setting was present in less than half of the students. The average knowledge score was 10.63 out of 16 and average healthy practice score was 2.94 out of 4. On applying Pearson correlation test, it was found that there was a positive correlation of knowledge and practices of the students (P = 0.012), implying that better knowledge of the disease has a positive effect on the practices exercised by an individual. CONCLUSION: Newly enrolled students and other individuals attached to a high-risk setting such as a medical institution should be screened for immunization status during initial medical examination as the number of unimmunized persons, especially against hepatitis B is high.
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- 2018
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22. Depletion of Nsd2-mediated histone H3K36 methylation impairs adipose tissue development and function
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Lenan Zhuang, Younghoon Jang, Young-Kwon Park, Ji-Eun Lee, Shalini Jain, Eugene Froimchuk, Aaron Broun, Chengyu Liu, Oksana Gavrilova, and Kai Ge
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
The epigenetic mechanisms regulating adipose tissue development are poorly understood. Here the authors show that reduction of H3K36 methylation in preadipocytes, both by H3.3K36M expression and depletion of H3K36 methyltransferase Nsd2, impairs adipogenesis by increasing H3K27me3.
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- 2018
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23. An Asymptomatic Giant Endometrioma Presented as Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis with Early Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
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Sonthalia, Shweta Alok, Wong, Junching, and Agrawal, Shalini Jain
- Published
- 2024
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24. Cross-Talk Between Gluten, Intestinal Microbiota and Intestinal Mucosa in Celiac Disease: Recent Advances and Basis of Autoimmunity
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Atul Munish Chander, Hariom Yadav, Shalini Jain, Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, and Devinder Kumar Dhawan
- Subjects
intestinal microbiome ,oral microbiome ,probiotics ,glutenases ,functional foods ,host microbe interactions ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine, caused by gluten induced inflammation in some individuals susceptible to genetic and environmental influences. To date, pathophysiology of CD in relation to intestinal microbiota is not known well. This review relies on contribution of intestinal microbiome and oral microbiome in pathogenesis of CD based on their interactions with gluten, thereby highlighting the role of upper gastrointestinal microbiota. It has been hypothesized that CD might be triggered by additive effects of immunotoxic gluten peptides and intestinal dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) in the people with or without genetic susceptibilities, where antibiotics may be deriving dysbiotic agents. In contrast to the intestinal dysbiosis, genetic factors even seem secondary in disease outcome thus suggesting the importance of interaction between microbes and dietary factors in immune regulation at intestinal mucosa. Moreover, association of imbalanced counts of some commensal microbes in intestine of CD patients suggests the scope for probiotic therapies. Lactobacilli and specific intestinal and oral bacteria are potent source of gluten degrading enzymes (glutenases) that may contribute to commercialization of a novel glutenase therapy. In this review, we shall discuss advantages and disadvantages of food based therapies along with probiotic therapies where probiotic therapies are expected to emerge as the safest biotherapies among other in-process therapies. In addition, this review emphasizes on differential targets of probiotics that make them suitable to manage CD as along with glutenase activity, they also exhibit immunomodulatory and intestinal microbiome modulatory properties.
- Published
- 2018
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25. Gs-coupled GPCR signalling in AgRP neurons triggers sustained increase in food intake
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Ken-ichiro Nakajima, Zhenzhong Cui, Chia Li, Jaroslawna Meister, Yinghong Cui, Ou Fu, Adam S. Smith, Shalini Jain, Bradford B. Lowell, Michael J. Krashes, and Jürgen Wess
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Hypothalamic Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons play a key role in regulating food intake. Here, the authors report a novel pathway in which activation of Gs-coupled receptors on AgRP neurons leads to robust, sustained increase in food intake.
- Published
- 2016
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26. Poly[μ2-aqua-aqua[μ3-N-butyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamato-κ3O,O′:S]sodium]
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Muzzaffar A. Bhat, Shalini Jain, Sanjay K. Srivastava, Ray J. Butcher, and Jan Wikaira
- Subjects
crystal structure ,dithiocarbamate ,sodium salt ,two-dimensional polymeric structure ,Crystallography ,QD901-999 - Abstract
In the title compound, [Na(C7H14NOS2)(H2O)2]n, the NaI cation is coordinated by five O atoms [Na—O = 2.3142 (11)–2.4677 (10) Å] from three aqua and two N-butyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamate (L) ligands and one S atom [Na—S = 3.0074 (6) Å] from a third L ligand in a highly distorted octahedral geometry. Two aqua ligands related by an inversion center bridge two NaI cations, and each L ligand coordinates three NaI cations, leading to a layered arrangement aligned parallel to the bc plane. Intermolecular O—H...S hydrogen bonds are observed in the inner part of each polymeric layer; these are packed along the a axis and held together by weak van der Waals forces.
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- 2016
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27. Obesity-Linked Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis Associated with Derangements in Gut Permeability and Intestinal Cellular Homeostasis Independent of Diet
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Ravinder Nagpal, Tiffany M. Newman, Shaohua Wang, Shalini Jain, James F. Lovato, and Hariom Yadav
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Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
This study aimed to determine the association between non-high-fat diet-induced obesity- (non-DIO-) associated gut microbiome dysbiosis with gut abnormalities like cellular turnover of intestinal cells, tight junctions, and mucin formation that can impact gut permeability. We used leptin-deficient (Lepob/ob) mice in comparison to C57BL/6J control mice, which are fed on identical diets, and performed comparative and correlative analyses of gut microbiome composition, gut permeability, intestinal structural changes, tight junction-mucin formation, cellular turnover, and stemness genes. We found that obesity impacted cellular turnover of the intestine with increased cell death and cell survival/proliferation gene expression with enhanced stemness, which are associated with increased intestinal permeability, changes in villi/crypt length, and decreased expression of tight junctions and mucus synthesis genes along with dysbiotic gut microbiome signature. Obesity-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis is also associated with abnormal intestinal organoid formation characterized with decreased budding and higher stemness. Results suggest that non-DIO-associated gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with changes in the intestinal cell death versus cell proliferation homeostasis and functions to control tight junctions and mucous synthesis-regulating gut permeability.
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- 2018
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28. An economic production model for time dependent demand with rework and multiple production setups
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S.R. Singh, Shalini Jain, and S. Pareek
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Production models ,Time dependent demand ,Multiple production setups ,Rework ,Industrial engineering. Management engineering ,T55.4-60.8 ,Production management. Operations management ,TS155-194 - Abstract
In this paper, we present a model for time dependent demand with multiple productions and rework setups. Production is demand dependent and greater than the demand rate. Production facility produces items in m production setups and one rework setup (m, 1) policy. The major reason of reverse logistic and green supply chain is rework, so it reduces the cost of production and other ecological problems. Most of the researchers developed a rework model without deteriorating items. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis is shown to describe the model.
- Published
- 2014
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29. An imperfect quality items with learning and inflation under two limited storage capacity
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S.R. Singh, Shalini Jain, and S. Pareek
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EPQ ,Two- warehouse ,Imperfect ,Shortages ,Weibull deterioration ,Learning ,Salvage value ,Industrial engineering. Management engineering ,T55.4-60.8 ,Production management. Operations management ,TS155-194 - Abstract
In this paper, we develop a two-warehouse imperfect production model under two cases: (i) model starts with shortages (ii) model ends with shortages. Most of the researchers proposed the models for perfect items but we develop for imperfect quality items, which is very realistic. Demand is taken as time dependent and dependent on the production. Holding cost in rented warehouse (RW) is greater than own warehouse (OW). Deterioration is taken as Weibull distribution in both OW and RW. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. The effect of learning on production cost is also considered. Learning from one cycle to other cycle, improve the efficiency of the organization. A numerical example including the sensitivity analysis is given to validate the results of the production-inventory model.
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- 2013
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30. Protective effect of a phytocompound on oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation against paracetamol-induced liver damage
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Francesco Marotta, Prof., MD, PhD, Hariom Yadav, Upendra Gumaste, A.m.r. Helmy, Shalini Jain, and Emilio Minelli
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Paracetamol ,oxidative stress ,DNA fragmentation ,DTS ,Specialties of internal medicine ,RC581-951 - Abstract
The hepatoprotective potential DTS (1.5 g/kg bw, Densh-ici-to-Chiusei, Kyotsu Jigyo, Tokyo, Japan) was evaluated against either toxic (1.5 g/kg bw) and sub-toxic (150 mg/kg bw) dosage of paracetamol-induced liver injury in Sprague-Dawley rat. Paracetamol intoxication caused a reduction of serum total protein and increase levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate ami-notranferase (AST) and serum alanine aminotranferase (ALT) at higher extent in the toxic group. This phenomenon was paralleled by an impaired liver redox status (reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) and increased MDA in both paracetamol-administered groups. Moreover, a marked reduction of AT-Pase and thiols together with DNA fragmentation occurred in liver tissue. Animals pretreated with DTS showed a marked mitigation of the severity of liver enzyme and of the impaired redox status of the liver. Moreover, DTS partly prevented the DNA fragmentation and the decline of liver tissue ATPase and protein thiol assay as compared with both groups treated with paracetamol alone. Although more detailed studies are awaited to ascertain the detailed mode of action of DTS, it wouls seem to be related to the prevention of formation of the reactive oxygen groups thereby preventing the damage on the hepatocytes and possibly modulating the genes responsible for synthesis of liver antioxidant enzymes thus providing marked DNA protection.
- Published
- 2009
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31. Radiation Effects in Flow through Porous Medium over a Rotating Disk with Variable Fluid Properties
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Shalini Jain and Shweta Bohra
- Subjects
Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
The present study investigates the radiation effects in flow through porous medium over a permeable rotating disk with velocity slip and temperature jump. Fluid properties density (ρ), viscosity (μ), and thermal conductivity (κ) are taken to be dependent on temperature. Particular case considering these fluid properties’ constant is also discussed. The governing partial differential equations are converted into nonlinear normal differential equation using similarity alterations. Transformed system of equations is solved numerically by using Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique. Effects of various parameters such as porosity parameter K, suction parameter Ws, rotational Reynolds number Re, Knudsen number Kn, Prandtl number Pr, radiation parameter N, and relative temperature difference parameter ε on velocity profiles along radial, tangential, and axial direction and temperature distribution are investigated for both variable fluid properties and constant fluid properties. Results obtained are analyzed and depicted through graphs and table.
- Published
- 2016
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32. Preventive Effect of Diabegon, a Polyherbal Preparation, During Progression of Diabetes Induced by High-Fructose Feeding in Rats
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Hariom Yadav, Shalini Jain, GBKS Prasad, and Mukesh Yadav
- Subjects
Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
In the present study, the polyherbal preparation diabegon, containing 18 plant extracts with hypoglycemic activity, was evaluated for its preventive effect during progression of type 2 diabetes in high-fructose-diet–fed rats. Oral administration of diabegon (100 mg/kg body weight) delayed development of glucose intolerance for 4 weeks in comparison with the diabetic control group, and the effect of diabegon was compared to that of the standard insulin sensitizer drug rosiglitazone. Diabegon treatment also ameliorated the elevation of glycosylated haemoglobin, liver glycogen content, plasma insulin, homeostasis model assessment, free fatty acids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and VLDL-cholesterol, whereas it increased HDL-cholesterol after 56 days of treatment (P
- Published
- 2007
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33. Triphenyltellurium chloride
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Ambika Chopra, Shalini Jain, Sanjay K. Srivastava, Sushil K. Gupta, and Ray J. Butcher
- Subjects
Crystallography ,QD901-999 - Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H15ClTe, contains two molecules which are in inverted orientations. The compound displays a tetrahedral geometry around the Te atom in spite of there being five electron domains. This is attributed to the fact that the lone pair is not sterically active. The dihedral angles between the three phenyl rings are 76.51 (16)/73.75 (16)/71.06 (17) and 78.60 (17)/77.67 (16)/79.11 (16)° in the two molecules. The crystal packing features eight C—H...π interactions.
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- 2014
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34. Correction: Corrigendum: Gs-coupled GPCR signalling in AgRP neurons triggers sustained increase in food intake
- Author
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Ken-ichiro Nakajima, Zhenzhong Cui, Chia Li, Jaroslawna Meister, Yinghong Cui, Ou Fu, Adam S. Smith, Shalini Jain, Bradford B. Lowell, Michael J. Krashes, and Jürgen Wess
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Nature Communications 7: Article number: 10268 (2016); Published: 8 January 2016; Updated: 3 March 2016 The financial support for this article was not fully acknowledged. The Acknowledgements should have included the following: This work was supported by the intramural research program of the NIMH (ZIA-MH-002498-24).
- Published
- 2016
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35. Strategies for Diagnosis and Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism during Pregnancy
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Shalini Jain Bagaria and V. B. Bagaria
- Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
Pregnancy and the postpartum period have an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The condition is unique during this period for several reasons. Primarily, because there is complexity in diagnosing this condition in view of altered physiology and preexisting edema in pregnancy and also because there are restrictions on the use of certain drugs and a need for vigilant monitoring of anticoagulant activities of drugs during the period. The problem is compounded and assumes the highest order of significance since two lives are involved and all the investigations and management done should also take into account the potential adverse effects on the foetus. In order to prevent the development of VTE during pregnancy, sound clinical evaluation for risk factors, risk stratification, and optimal use of resource both mechanical and pharmacological is necessary. This paper details strategies in preventing development of deep vein thrombosis and treatment of VTEs.
- Published
- 2011
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36. Intra-Abdominal Testicular Seminoma in a Woman with Testicular Feminization Syndrome
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Darshana D. Rasalkar, Bhawan K. Paunipagar, Alex Ng, Fernand M. Lai, and Shalini Jain Bagaria
- Subjects
Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
We report a case of intra-abdominal testicular tumor in a 36-year-old married lady presenting with chief complaints of primary amenorrhea. The patient was later diagnosed with testicular feminization syndrome, a form of male pseudohermaphroditism. This testicular tumor was histologically proven as seminoma. Due to rarity, imaging findings in patients with testicular feminization syndrome and intraabdominal testicular tumor have been poorly documented. So far, only one case report had described the combined role of CT and MR imaging in intraabdominal testicular sex-cord stromal tumor. To our knowledge, this case is first to document USG and MR imaging in addition to MR spectroscopy features in intraabdominal testicular seminoma.
- Published
- 2011
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37. Reinforcement Learning assisted Loop Distribution for Locality and Vectorization.
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Shalini Jain 0002, S. VenkataKeerthy, Rohit Aggarwal, Tharun Kumar Dangeti, Dibyendu Das 0005, and Ramakrishna Upadrasta
- Published
- 2022
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38. POSET-RL: Phase ordering for Optimizing Size and Execution Time using Reinforcement Learning.
- Author
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Shalini Jain 0002, Yashas Andaluri, S. VenkataKeerthy, and Ramakrishna Upadrasta
- Published
- 2022
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39. FUSED-PAGERANK: Loop-Fusion based Approximate PageRank.
- Author
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Shalini Jain 0002, Rahul Utkoor, Hemalatha Eedi, Sathya Peri, and Ramakrishna Upadrasta
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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40. IR2VEC: LLVM IR Based Scalable Program Embeddings.
- Author
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S. VenkataKeerthy, Rohit Aggarwal, Shalini Jain 0002, Maunendra Sankar Desarkar, Ramakrishna Upadrasta, and Y. N. Srikant
- Published
- 2020
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41. Intermittent fasting with ketogenic diet: A combination approach for management of chronic diseases
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Niraj Arora, Shruthi Pulimamidi, Hariom Yadav, Shalini Jain, Jennifer Glover, Keith Dombrowski, Beverly Hernandez, Anand Karthik Sarma, and Rachna Aneja
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Published
- 2023
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42. Choosing Beyond Compliance Over Dormancy: Corporate Response to India's Mandatory CSR Expenditure Law
- Author
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Shalini Jain, Naman Desai, Viswanath Pingali, and Arindam Tripathy
- Subjects
Strategy and Management ,Business and International Management - Abstract
This article examines whether firms engaged in high levels of voluntary CSR (corporate social responsibility) alter their strategic choices in response to detrimental public policy – specifically India's Companies Act (2013) that mandates qualifying firms to spend 2% of their three-year average net profits on CSR. Drawing on the concept of organizational dormancy, we argue that firm capabilities, political awareness, exposure to political pluralism, and ownership identity may explain choice heterogeneity among these firms. Our key and non-intuitive finding is that even in the absence of discretionary choice in determining optimal CSR expenditure, firms are less likely to choose dormancy and instead embrace and even surpass the stipulations of the law in their CSR contributions. Also, politically aware firms are more likely to opt for dormancy over compliance. Managerial and policy implications are discussed.
- Published
- 2023
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43. A fuzzy imperfect production and repair inventory model with time dependent demand, production and repair rates under inflationary conditions.
- Author
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Shalini Jain 0001, Sunil Tiwari, Leopoldo Eduardo Cárdenas-Barrón, Ali Akbar Shaikh, and Shiv Raj Singh
- Published
- 2018
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44. Intestinal FFA3 mediates obesogenic effects in mice on a Western diet
- Author
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Kristen R. Lednovich, Chioma Nnyamah, Sophie Gough, Medha Priyadarshini, Kai Xu, Barton Wicksteed, Sidharth Mishra, Shalini Jain, Joseph L. Zapater, Hariom Yadav, and Brian T. Layden
- Subjects
Inflammation ,Male ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Mice, Knockout ,Mice ,Physiology ,Diet, Western ,Physiology (medical) ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Animals ,Obesity ,Diet, High-Fat - Abstract
Free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFA3) is a recently-deorphanized G-protein-coupled receptor. Its ligands are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are key nutrients derived from the gut microbiome fermentation process that play diverse roles in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and glycemic control. FFA3 is highly expressed within the intestine, where its role and its effects on physiology and metabolism are unclear. Previous in vivo studies involving this receptor have relied on global knockout mouse models, making it difficult to isolate intestine-specific roles of FFA3. To overcome this challenge, we generated an intestine-specific knockout mouse model for FFA3, Villin-Cre-FFA3 (Vil-FFA3). Model validation and general metabolic assessment of male mice fed a standard chow diet revealed no major congenital defects. Because dietary changes are known to alter gut microbial composition, and thereby SCFA production, an obesogenic challenge was performed on male Vil-FFA3 mice and their littermate controls to probe for a phenotype on a high-fat, high-sugar "Western diet" (WD) compared with a low-fat control diet (CD). Vil-FFA3 mice versus FFA3
- Published
- 2023
45. In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Prosopis species growing in Rajasthan, India
- Author
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Shalini Jain, Ritu Jangid, Sreemoyee Chatterjee, and Mukesh Kumar Sharma
- Subjects
Plant Science - Published
- 2022
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46. Unique trans-kingdom microbiome structural and functional signatures predict cognitive decline in older adults
- Author
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Diptaraj S. Chaudhari, Shalini Jain, Vinod K. Yata, Sidharth P. Mishra, Ambuj Kumar, Amoy Fraser, Judyta Kociolek, Mariana Dangiolo, Amanda Smith, Adam Golden, Michal M. Masternak, Peter Holland, Marc Agronin, Cynthia White-Williams, Andrea Y. Arikawa, Corinne A. Labyak, and Hariom Yadav
- Subjects
Aging ,Geriatrics and Gerontology - Abstract
The prevalence of age-related cognitive disorders/dementia is increasing, and effective prevention and treatment interventions are lacking due to an incomplete understanding of aging neuropathophysiology. Emerging evidence suggests that abnormalities in gut microbiome are linked with age-related cognitive decline and getting acceptance as one of the pillars of the Geroscience hypothesis. However, the potential clinical importance of gut microbiome abnormalities in predicting the risk of cognitive decline in older adults is unclear. Till now the majority of clinical studies were done using 16S rRNA sequencing which only accounts for analyzing bacterial abundance, while lacking an understanding of other crucial microbial kingdoms, such as viruses, fungi, archaea, and the functional profiling of the microbiome community. Utilizing data and samples of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 23) and cognitively healthy controls (n = 25). Our whole-genome metagenomic sequencing revealed that the gut of older adults with MCI harbors a less diverse microbiome with a specific increase in total viruses and a decrease in bacterial abundance compared with controls. The virome, bacteriome, and microbial metabolic signatures were significantly distinct in subjects with MCI versus controls. Selected bacteriome signatures show high predictive potential of cognitive dysfunction than virome signatures while combining virome and metabolic signatures with bacteriome boosts the prediction power. Altogether, the results from our pilot study indicate that trans-kingdom microbiome signatures are significantly distinct in MCI gut compared with controls and may have utility for predicting the risk of developing cognitive decline and dementia- debilitating public health problems in older adults.
- Published
- 2023
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47. Development of hindi speech recognition system of agricultural commodities using deep neural network.
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Partho Mandal, Shalini Jain 0002, Gaurav Ojha, and Anupam Shukla
- Published
- 2015
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48. IR2Vec: A Flow Analysis based Scalable Infrastructure for Program Encodings.
- Author
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Venkata Keerthy S, Rohit Aggarwal, Shalini Jain 0002, Maunendra Sankar Desarkar, Ramakrishna Upadrasta, and Y. N. Srikant
- Published
- 2019
49. Perspective on this Article from Intravesical Delivery of Rapamycin Suppresses Tumorigenesis in a Mouse Model of Progressive Bladder Cancer
- Author
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Cory Abate-Shen, James Mc Kiernan, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Shalini Jain, Trushar Patel, Anna M. Puzio-Kuter, and Catherine M. Seager
- Abstract
Perspective on this Article from Intravesical Delivery of Rapamycin Suppresses Tumorigenesis in a Mouse Model of Progressive Bladder Cancer
- Published
- 2023
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50. Data from Intravesical Delivery of Rapamycin Suppresses Tumorigenesis in a Mouse Model of Progressive Bladder Cancer
- Author
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Cory Abate-Shen, James Mc Kiernan, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Shalini Jain, Trushar Patel, Anna M. Puzio-Kuter, and Catherine M. Seager
- Abstract
Early-stage bladder cancer occurs as two distinct forms: namely, low-grade superficial disease and high-grade carcinoma in situ (CIS), which is the major precursor of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Although the low-grade form is readily treatable, few, if any, effective treatments are currently available for preventing progression of nonmuscle-invasive CIS to invasive bladder cancer. Based on our previous findings that the mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is activated in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, but not superficial disease, we reasoned that suppression of this pathway might block cancer progression. To test this idea, we performed in vivo preclinical studies using a genetically engineered mouse model that we now show recapitulates progression from nonmuscle-invasive CIS to muscle-invasive bladder tumors. We find that delivery of Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, subsequent to the occurrence of CIS effectively prevents progression to invasive bladder cancer. Furthermore, we show that intravesical delivery of Rapamycin directly into the bladder lumen is highly effective for suppressing bladder tumorigenesis. Thus, our findings show the potential therapeutic benefit of inhibiting mTOR signaling for treatment of patients at high risk of developing invasive bladder cancer. More broadly, our findings support a more widespread use of intravesical delivery of therapeutic agents for treatment of high-risk bladder cancer patients, and provide a mouse model for effective preclinical testing of potential novel agents.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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