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The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) protein family plays an important role in regulating life functions, such as the cell cycle and metabolism. This study reports the first cloning and functional analysis of A. cerana cerana CDK1 (AccCDK1). The distribution profile of AccCDK1 in different developmental periods and different tissues was determined. The experimental results showed that the distribution of AccCDK1 was tissue-specific. AccCDK1 distribution at the transcriptional and translational levels was affected by stress conditions induced by H 2 O 2 , UV, HgCl 2 , CdCl 2 , extreme temperatures (4 °C, 44 °C) and pesticides (avermectin, lambda-cyhalothrin, haloxyfop- R -methyl, and glyphosate), which resulted in changes in the expression levels. These results suggest that AccCDK1 may have an important part to play in honey bee resistance to stress. The expression of a recombinant AccCDK1 protein in vitro enhanced the antistress capacities of E. coli and yeast, which suggests that AccCDK1 is related to the stress response. When AccCDK1 was silenced, the expression of some antioxidant genes was downregulated, and the enzymatic potencies of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were reduced, which suggests that AccCDK1 takes part in the body's resistance to oxidative stress upon external stimulation by influencing relevant antioxidants. Notably, the survival rate of A. cerana cerana under high-temperature-induced stress decreased after AccCDK1 silencing, which verifies our results. In conclusion, we found that AccCDK1 played an indispensable function in resisting oxidative stress and maintaining normal cellular functions. [Display omitted] • Oxidative stress can affect the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase1. • AccCDK1 silencing affects cellular antioxidant genes and enzymes. • AccCDK1 promotes the survival of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells under stress. • AccCDK1 promotes bees to resist high temperature stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute an important multifunctional enzyme family that plays vital roles in cellular detoxification and protecting organisms against oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we isolated a GST-like gene from Apis cerana cerana (AccGSTL) and investigated its antioxidant functions under stress conditions. We found that AccGSTL belongs to the Sigma class of GSTs. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting analyses showed that the mRNA and protein levels of AccGSTL were altered in response to oxidative stress caused by various external stimuli. In addition, a heterologous expression analysis showed that AccGSTL overexpression in Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells enhanced resistance to oxidative stress. After AccGSTL silencing with RNA interference (RNAi) technology, the expression of some antioxidant genes was inhibited, and the enzymatic activities of POD, CAT, and SOD were decreased. In conclusion, these data suggest that AccGSTL may be involved in antioxidant defense under adverse conditions in A. cerana cerana., (© 2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Cell Stress Society International.)