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Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is regarded as an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease consequences and a reliable surrogate measure of insulin resistance (IR). However, the correlation analysis between triglyceride glucose index and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with essential hypertension remains unknown. Methods: A single-center, retrospective study was conducted with patients diagnosed with essential hypertension at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, from December 2018 to September 2020. Participants were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, with their clinical data and laboratory tests collected. The study employed Spearman's correlation analysis, logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline plots, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to investigate the relationships between the TyG index and HFpEF. Results: Out of 1,602 enrolled hypertensive patients, 992 were included in the analysis after applying exclusion criteria. Patients were categorized into tertiles based on the TyG index, which showed that patients in the highest tertile had characteristics associated with a higher risk of HFpEF, including age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). A significant, independent association between the TyG index and HFpEF was confirmed, with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.127 (95% CI [3.894–6.856]). Furthermore, an S-shaped nonlinear relationship was observed between the TyG index and the incidence of HFpEF (nonlinear p < 0.001). TyG index (AUC: 0.824, 95% CI [0.795–0.854]), NT-proBNP (AUC: 0.840, 95% CI [0.816–0.864]), and LVMI (AUC: 0.847, 95% CI [0.820–0.875]) showed good predictive ability for HFpEF. In addition, the TyG+LVMI combination demonstrated the strongest predictive ability (AUC: 0.907, 95% CI [0.887–0.927]). Conclusion: The study underscores a significant association between IR, as indicated by the TyG index, and the development of HFpEF in hypertensive patients. It highlights the critical role of metabolic dysfunction in the pathophysiology of HFpEF, advocating for a broader perspective on cardiovascular risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) has a high mortality in the population. Although serum creatinine (Cr) and serum total bilirubin (TBil) are rapid and readily available biomarkers in routine blood tests, there is a lack of literature on the prognostic value of combined Cr and TBil tests for IHD. This study aimed to evaluate a combined equation based on Cr and TBil to predict the long-term risk of death in IHD and to find indicators sensitive to the prognosis of IHD patients. Method: In this study, 2625 patients with IHD were included, and the combined value and combined equations of Cr and TBil were obtained by logistic regression analysis based on Cr and TBil collected at the time of admission. Patients were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of the combined value. COX proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for long-term death in IHD patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the prognostic effect of Cr, TBil and combined value on long-term death events. Results: Logistic regression analysis was performed for long-term death events with Cr and TBil as independent variables, and the logit regression model was Logit(P) = 0.0129×TBil+0.007×Cr-0.417. Multifactorial Cox regression analysis showed that high values of the equation were independent risk factors for long-term death events (all-cause death: HR 1.457, 95% CI 1.256–1.689, P<0.001; cardiovascular death: HR 1.452, 95% CI 1.244–1.695, P<0.001). Combined Cr and TBil value are more valuable in predicting long-term death (AUC: 0.609, 95% CI 0.587–0.630, P<0.001). Conclusion: Combined Cr and TBil assay is superior to single biomarkers for predicting long-term death in patients with IHD. High values of the equation are independent predictors of long-term death and can be used to identify patients at high risk for IHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A body of evidence has suggested bidirectional relationships among gallstone disease (GSD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and kidney stone disease (KSD). However, the results are inconsistent, and studies on this topic in China are relatively few. Our goal is to explore the bidirectional associations among these three diseases through a multicenter study, systematic review, and meta-analysis., Aim: To explore the bidirectional associations among these three diseases through a multicenter study, systematic review, and meta-analysis. The results may help to investigate the etiology of these diseases and shed light on the individualized prevention of these three diseases., Methods: Subjects who participated in physical examinations in Beijing, Tianjin, Chongqing in China were recruited. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to explore the bidirectional relationships among GSD, KSD, and NAFLD. Systematic review and meta-analysis were initiated to confirm the epidemiologic evidence from previous observational studies. Furthermore, trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted to evaluate whether the evidence was sufficient and conclusive., Results: Significant bidirectional associations were detected among the three diseases, independent of potential confounding factors. The pooled results of the systematic review and meta-analysis also corroborated the aforementioned results. The combined evidence from the multicenter study and meta-analysis was significant [pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.16-1.75, KSD → GSD; pooled OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.31-1.67, GSD → KSD; pooled OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.17-1.47, GSD → NAFLD; pooled OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.26-1.50, NAFLD → GSD; pooled OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.08-1.51, NAFLD → KSD; pooled OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.16-1.25, KSD → NAFLD]. TSA indicated that the evidence was sufficient and conclusive., Conclusion: The present study presents relatively sufficient evidence for the positive bidirectional associations among GSD, KSD, and NAFLD. The results may provide clues for investigating the etiology of these three diseases and offer a guideline for identifying high-risk patients., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interest with the information presented., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

This review summarizes the ongoing researches regarding etiology, epidemiology, transmission dynamics, treatment, and prevention and control strategies of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with comparison to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and pandemic H1N1 virus. SARS-CoV-2 may be originated from bats, and the patients and asymptomatic carriers are the source of epidemic infection. The virus can be transmitted human-to-human through droplets and close contact, and people at all ages are susceptible to this virus. The main clinical symptoms of the patients are fever and cough, accompanied with leukocytopenia and lymphocytopenia. Effective drugs have been not yet available thus far. In terms of the prevention and control strategies, vaccine development as the primary prevention should be accelerated. Regarding the secondary prevention, ongoing efforts of the infected patients and close contacts quarantine, mask wearing promotion, regular disinfection in public places should be continued. Meanwhile, rapid detection kit for serological monitoring of the virus in general population is expected so as to achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation and early treatment. In addition, public health education on this disease and prevention should be enhanced so as to mitigate panic and mobilize the public to jointly combat the epidemic., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

The main objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology, drug resistance and β-lactamase genotype distribution of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from pediatric patients with diarrhea in southern China. The prevalence of EPEC in children with diarrhea was 3.53%. The commonest serotypes were O55:K59 and O126:K71, and the typical EPEC were more prevalent than atypical EPEC (51 vs 7). Isolates from this region were most commonly found to be resistant to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole, followed by chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime. More than 96% of the strains were susceptible to cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem. The most common β-lactamase genotypes identified in 58 strains were blaCTX-M-1 (60.3%), blaTEM (56.9%), blaCTX-M-9 (27.6%), and blaSHV (15.5%). Among 58 isolates, 22 strains were found to harbor one β-lactamase gene, and the proportions of resistance to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime, were 81.8%, 63.6%, 40.9%, 18.2%, and 9.1%, respectively. A further 30 strains carrying multiple β-lactamase genes had increased resistance to the above antimicrobial agents (100%, 83.3%, 70.0%, 60.0%, and 30.0%, respectively). In contrast, antibiotic resistance in the last 6 strains without a detectable β-lactamase gene was substantially reduced. Drug resistance may be associated with the β-lactamase gene number, with a greater the number of β-lactamase genes resulting in higher antibiotic resistance.