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In this study, the microstructure evolution and aging behavior of surface-nanocrystallized WE43 Mg alloy induced by ultrasonic shot peening at a cryogenic temperature were examined. The results reveal that the original coarse grains with an average grain size of 46.7 μm were refined to nanocrystalline grains with 31.5 nm in the nanocrystalline region, demonstrating a marked grain refinement effect. After aging treatment, the nanocrystalline region experienced two aging stages. During Stage Ⅰ, there was a rapid increase in hardness, and in Stage Ⅱ, it reached a maximum of 154.2 HV, representing a 105.6% improvement over the solution-treated alloy. Further microstructural characterization indicates that solute segregation initially occurred along the grain boundaries, leading to a rapid increase in hardness during Stage Ⅰ. Subsequently, two types of precipitates were observed both at the grain boundaries and within the grains during Stage Ⅱ, with the combined effects of solute segregation and precipitation contributing to a further increase in hardness.

Abstract Background M1 macrophages are closely associated with cardiac injury after myocardial infarction (MI). Increasing evidence shows that exosomes play a key role in pathophysiological regulation after MI, but the role of M1 macrophage-derived exosomes (M1-Exos) in myocardial regeneration remains unclear. In this study, we explored the impact of M1 macrophage-derived exosomes on cardiomyocytes regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Methods M0 macrophages were induced to differentiate into M1 macrophages with GM-CSF (50 ng/mL) and IFN-γ (20 ng/mL). Then M1-Exos were isolated and co-incubated with cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte proliferation was detected by pH3 or ki67 staining. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to test the level of miR-155 in macrophages, macrophage-derived exosomes and exosome-treated cardiomyocytes. MI model was constructed and LV-miR-155 was injected around the infarct area, the proliferation of cardiomyocytes was counted by pH3 or ki67 staining. The downstream gene and pathway of miR-155 were predicted and verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, qPCR and immunoblotting analysis. IL-6 (50 ng/mL) was added to cardiomyocytes transfected with miR-155 mimics, and the proliferation of cardiomyocytes was calculated by immunofluorescence. The protein expressions of IL-6R, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were detected by Western blot. Results The results showed that M1-Exos suppressed cardiomyocytes proliferation. Meanwhile, miR-155 was highly expressed in M1-Exos and transferred to cardiomyocytes. miR-155 inhibited the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and antagonized the pro-proliferation effect of interleukin 6 (IL-6). Furthermore, miR-155 targeted gene IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and inhibited the Janus kinase 2(JAK)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) signaling pathway. Conclusion M1-Exos inhibited cardiomyocyte proliferation by delivering miR-155 and inhibiting the IL-6R/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. This study provided new insight and potential treatment strategy for the regulation of myocardial regeneration and cardiac repair by macrophages.

Abstract Adjuvant oxaliplatin plus S-1 (SOX) chemotherapy for gastric cancer (GC) after D2 gastrectomy has been proven effective. There has yet to be a study that evaluates adjuvant nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) plus S-1. In this single-center, retrospective study, GC patients after D2 gastrectomy received either nab-paclitaxel plus S-1 (AS group) or SOX group were recruited between January 2018 and December 2020 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. Intravenous nab-paclitaxel 120 mg/m2 or 260 mg/m2 and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 were administered as eight 3 week cycle, especially in the AS and SOX group. Patients received S-1 twice daily with a dose of 40 mg/m2 in the two groups on days 1–14 of each cycle. The end points were disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 3 years and adverse events (AEs). There were 56 eligible patients, 28 in the AS group and 35 in the SOX group. The 3 year DFS rate was 78.0% in AS group versus 70.7% in SOX group (p = 0.46). Subgroup analysis showed that the patients with signet-ring positive in the AS group had a prolonged DFS compared with the SOX group (40.0 vs. 13.8 m, p = 0.02). The diffuse-type GC or low differentiation in the AS group was associated with numerically prolonged DFS compared with the SOX group, but the association was not statistically significant (p = 0.27 and p = 0.15 especially). Leukopenia (14.3%) were the most prevalent AEs in the AS group, while thrombocytopenia (28.5%) in the SOX group. Neutropenia (7.1% in AS group) and thrombocytopenia (22.8% in SOX group) were the most common grade 3 or 4 AEs. In this study analyzing past data, a tendency towards a greater 3 year DFS was observed when using AS regimen in signet-ring positive patients. AS group had fewer thrombocytopenia compared to SOX group. More studies should be conducted with larger sample sizes.

The metaverse has become a very important phenomenon in society because of the emergence of new technologies. The widespread adoption of the metaverse has generated significant discussions about the challenges and opportunities it presents. We invited three panelists to present their personal viewpoints on the metaverse in the 2022 AIS-SIG-ISAP Workshop on Information Systems in Asia-Pacific (ISAP). The discussion indicated that metaverse research is being conducted. Furthermore, it highlighted new research directions and offered research topics related to the advantages or disadvantages of the metaverse. The proposed research topics will offer new insights to academics and practitioners.

Teunia, belonging to the family Cryptococcaceae of the order Tremellales, is a genus of plant-inhabiting fungi distributed across the globe. Its members form associations with different plant parts, including flowers, fruits, leaves, seeds, and twigs. Recent efforts have aimed to explore the diversity of Teunia in China, however, many geographical regions have not yet been explored. In this study, we included results of five Teunia yeast strains that were isolated from plant materials collected in Fujian, Guizhou and Henan provinces, with descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic analyses of three new species: T. acericola, T. mussaendrae isolated from leaf surfaces in Fujian, Guizhou and Henan Provinces, and T. qingyuanensis obtained from rotting wood in Fujian Province.

Abstract Inflammatory age (iAge) is a vital concept for understanding the intricate interplay between chronic inflammation and aging in the context of cancer. However, the importance of iAge-clock-related genes (iAge-CRGs) across cancers remains unexplored. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms and applications of these genes across diverse cancer types. We analyzed profiling data from over 10,000 individuals, covering 33 cancer types, 750 small molecule drugs, and 24 immune cell types. We focused on DCBLD2’s function at the single-cell level and computed an iAge-CRG score using GSVA. This score was correlated with cancer pathways, immune infiltration, and survival. A signature was then derived using univariate Cox and LASSO regression, followed by ROC curve analysis, nomogram construction, decision curve analysis, and immunocytochemistry. Our comprehensive analysis revealed epigenetic, genomic, and immunogenomic alterations in iAge-CRGs, especially DCBLD2, leading to abnormal expression. Aberrant DCBLD2 expression strongly correlated with cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration and prognosis in multiple cancers. Based on GSVA results, we developed a risk model using five iAge-CRGs, which proved to be an independent prognostic index for uveal melanoma (UVM) patients. We also systematically evaluated the correlation between the iAge-related signature risk score and immune cell infiltration. iAge-CRGs, particularly DCBLD2, emerge as potential targets for enhancing immunotherapy outcomes. The strong correlation between abnormal DCBLD2 expression, cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration, and patient survival across various cancers underscores their significance. Our five-gene risk signature offers an independent prognostic tool for UVM patients, highlighting the crucial role of these genes in suppressing the immune response in UVM.Kindly check and confirm whether the corresponding affiliation is correctly identified.I identified the affiliation is correctly.thank you.Per style, a structured abstract is not allowed so we have changed the structured abstract to an unstructured abstract. Please check and confirm.I confirm the abstract is correctly ,thank you.

Abstract Thermoelectrics have great potential for use in waste heat recovery to improve energy utilization. Moreover, serving as a solid-state heat pump, they have found practical application in cooling electronic products. Nevertheless, the scarcity of commercial Bi2Te3 raw materials has impeded the sustainable and widespread application of thermoelectric technology. In this study, we developed a low-cost and earth-abundant PbS compound with impressive thermoelectric performance. The optimized n-type PbS material achieved a record-high room temperature ZT of 0.64 in this system. Additionally, the first thermoelectric cooling device based on n-type PbS was fabricated, which exhibits a remarkable cooling temperature difference of ~36.9 K at room temperature. Meanwhile, the power generation efficiency of a single-leg device employing our n-type PbS material reaches ~8%, showing significant potential in harvesting waste heat into valuable electrical power. This study demonstrates the feasibility of sustainable n-type PbS as a viable alternative to commercial Bi2Te3, thereby extending the application of thermoelectrics.

Abstract Aims/Introduction Mitochondrial damage caused by oxidative stress is a main driver of pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prohibitin2 (PHB2) is a vital inner mitochondrial membrane protein that participates in mitophagy to remove the damaged mitochondria. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanisms of PHB2‐mediated mitophagy in oxidative stress‐induced pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction. Materials and Methods PHB2 and mitophagy‐related protein expression were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting in RINm5F cells treated with H2O2 and islets of diabetic rats. Mitophagy was observed by mitochondrial and lysosome colocalization. RINm5F cells were transfected by phb2 siRNA or overexpression plasmid to explore the role of PHB2 in mitophagy of RINm5F cells. The mechanism of Nrf2 regulating PHB2 was explored by Nrf2 inhibitor and agonist. Results The expression of PHB2, mitophagy related protein PINK1, and Parkin were decreased in RINm5F cells incubated with H2O2 and in islets of diabetic rats. Overexpression of PHB2 protected β‐cells from oxidative stress by promoting mitophagy and inhibiting cell apoptosis, whereas transfection with PHB2 siRNA suppressed mitophagy. Furthermore, PHB2‐mediated mitophagy induced by oxidative stress was through the Nrf2/PHB2 pathway in β‐cells. Antioxidant NAC alleviated oxidative stress injury by promoting PHB2‐mediated mitophagy. Conclusion Our study suggested that PHB2‐mediated mitophagy can protect β‐cells from apoptosis via the Nrf2/PHB2 pathway under oxidative stress. Antioxidants may protect β‐cell from oxidative stress by prompting PHB2‐mediated mitophagy. PHB2‐mediated mitophagy as a potential mechanism takes part in the oxidative stress induced β‐cell injury.

ABSTRACT Pulmonary cryptococcosis is a common complication in immunocompromised patients. In a mouse model of pulmonary cryptococcosis, Cryptococcus neoformans induces a type 2 immune response that is detrimental to host protection. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key players in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. However, the roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs in fungal infection are largely elusive. In the present study, we aimed to explore the roles of LincR-PPP2R5C in pulmonary cryptococcosis. We observed an increase in the level of LincR-PPP2R5C in the lung tissues of C57BL/6J mice after tracheal infection with C. neoformans. Subsequently, we intratracheally infected LincR-PPP2R5C knockout (KO) mice and wild-type mice with C. neoformans. LincR-PPP2R5C deficiency mitigates C. neoformans infection, which can be demonstrated by extending survival time and decreasing fungal burden in the lung. In the lung tissues of infected LincR-PPP2R5C KO mice, there was a notable increase in the levels of type 2 cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5] and an increase in the number of neutrophils in both the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Mechanistically, the lack of LincR-PPP2R5C results in increased protein phosphatase 2A phosphorylation, thereby enhancing the fungicidal activity of neutrophils against Cryptococcus neoformans, with IL-4 playing a synergistic role in this process. Overall, LincR-PPP2R5C deficiency mitigated pulmonary cryptococcosis by increasing the fungicidal activity of neutrophils, which was associated with increased IL-4 levels. Our study presented specific evidence of the role of host-derived lncRNAs in the regulation of C. neoformans infection.IMPORTANCEPulmonary cryptococcosis is a human fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, which is common not only in immunocompromised individuals but also in patients with normal immune function. Therefore, studying the control mechanisms of pulmonary cryptococcosis is highly important. Here, we demonstrated that the deletion of LincR-PPP2R5C leads to increased killing of C. neoformans by neutrophils, thereby reducing pulmonary cryptococcal infection. These findings will greatly enhance our understanding of the mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate the pathogenesis of C. neoformans, facilitating the use of lncRNAs in pulmonary cryptococcosis therapy.

Abstract Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) present a heterogeneous group of diseases with aberrant immune response caused by monogenic mutations. Due to the immune dysfunction and dysregulation, PIDs have a wide clinical spectrum such as infections, autoimmunity, autoinflammation, allergy, and malignancies. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized with multiple autoantibodies and multiple organ damage, which could be the predominant phenotype in patients with PIDs. In recent years, the increasing identification of monogenic causes of SLE and PIDs discloses the partially shared genetic background and common pathogenic process. The study of PIDs with SLE‐like phenotype paves the way for the exploration of lupus pathogenesis and new perspectives in targeted therapies concurrently.

Abstract Currently, there are still great challenges in promoting bone defect healing, a common health problem affecting millions of people. Herein an osteoimmunity‐regulating biopatch capable of promoting stem cell‐based therapies for bone regeneration is developed. A totally biodegradable conjugate is first synthesized, which can self‐assemble into bioactive nano micelles (PPT NMs). This nanotherapy effectively improves the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) under pathological conditions, by simultaneously regulating IL‐17 signaling and ferroptosis pathways. Incorporation of PPT NMs into biodegradable electrospun nanofibers affords a bioactive patch, which notably improves bone formation in two rat bone defect models. A Janus bio patch is then engineered by integrating the bioactive patch with a stem cell sheet of PDLSCs. The obtained biopatch shows additionally potentiated bone regeneration capacity, by synergistically regulating osteoimmune microenvironment and facilitating stem cell differentiation. Further surface functionalization of the biopatch with tannic acid considerably increases its adhesion to the bone defect, prolongs local retention, and sustains bioactivities, thereby offering much better repair effects in rats with mandibular or cranial bone defects. Moreover, the engineered bioactive patches display good safety. Besides bone defects, this osteoimmunity‐regulating biopatch strategy can be applied to promote stem cell therapies for spinal cord injury, wound healing, and skin burns.

Introduction: Road traffic injuries stands as a major concern globally, as they result in significant loss of life, economic impact, and erode trust in government and societal safety. The influence of weather on road traffic safety is undeniable, impacting road conditions, individuals, and vehicles. However, the specific influence of weather on road traffic casualties has seldom been explored. Method: This study assesses the effect of weather factors on road traffic casualties in China from 2006 to 2021. Vector error correction models (VECM) were utilized to determine the Granger causality between weather factors and covariates. Furthermore, panel autoregressive distribution lag models (ARDL) were applied to quantify the association between weather factors and road traffic casualties. Results: The findings indicate that rainfall and temperature exert a short-term negative impact on casualty risk, which intriguingly becomes positive in the long term. A standout discovery is the significant role of health investments, which are shown to reduce casualty numbers in both the short and long-terms. In the long run, the gross domestic product significantly enhances casualties, while expressway mileage notably decreases them. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the significant influence of weather on road traffic casualties and highlight the critical roles played by factors such as gross domestic product, health investment, and expressway mileage. The evidence presented in the study underscores the urgent need for more effective strategies to mitigate road traffic casualties. Thus, some effective measures are proposed to reduce road traffic casualties. This study is conducive to the improvement of traffic in severe weather in China and provides guidance for traffic management departments.

Abstract Polar fluorinated arenes can promote organic free radical reactions, which have attracted scientists’ interest in recent years. However, it is still unknown how these solvents interact weakly with organic radical molecules to influence their reactivity. In this study, we investigated how organic free radicals aggregate in five polar fluorocarbon solvents, and demonstrated that different substituents can influence their aggregation behaviors. In these solvents, small organic radicals with simple substituents maintain a homogeneous solution; however, radicals with substituents that form intermolecular hydrogen bonds or with long‐chain aliphatic hydrocarbons tend to aggregate in them, whereas substituents of long‐chain aliphatic hydrocarbons tend to promote aggregation better. The critical aggregation concentrations of these aggregates are measured by concentration‐dependent UV–visible spectroscopy. Their topological morphologies are all spherical based on TEM. The compactness and rotational motivation speed of radical molecules within these aggregates are determined by EPR spectroscopy. The particle sizes of these aggregates are determined by analyzing their cyclic voltammograms. Most excitingly, electrochemical experiments reveal that the aggregation behaviors of free radical molecules with intermolecular hydrogen bonds can significantly increase their catalytic rate for electro‐oxidizing benzyl alcohol in such a solvent. The results of this study indicate that in polar fluorinated arenes organic radical molecules’ aggregation behaviors are related to their structures. This may provide guidelines for regulating organic radical reactivity in these solvents in the future.

BackgroundThoracic Aortic Dissection (TAD) is a life-threatening disease without effective drug treatments. The disruption of HASMCs homeostasis is one direct histopathologic alteration in TAD pathological process. Several miRNAs have been shown abnormally expressed in TAD and to regulate HASMCs homeostasis. The primary goal of this study is to identify the miRNAs and the specific mechanisms that lead to HASMCs homeostasis disruption.MethodsBulk miRNA sequencing was performed to explore the aberrantly expressed miRNA profile in TAD, and differentially expressed miRNAs were verified with qRT-PCR. To explore the role of the key miRNAs (miR-3529) in HASMCs homeostasis, we overexpressed this miRNA with lentivirus in HASMCs. Integrative transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis were used to uncover the functional roles of this miRNA in regulating HASMCs homeostasis. Further, the target gene of miR-3529 was predicted by bioinformatics and verified through a dual-luciferase reporter assay.ResultsBulk miRNA sequencing showed miR-3529 was elevated in TAD tissues and confirmed by qRT-PCR. Further experimental assay revealed miR-3529 upregulation induced HASMCs homeostasis disruption, accompanied by reducing contractile markers and increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Integrative transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis showed that miR-3529 overexpression altered the metabolic profile of HASMC, particularly lipid metabolism. ABCA1 was found to be a direct target of miR-3529. Mechanistically, the miR-3529/ABCA1 axis disrupted HASMCs homeostasis through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.ConclusionsmiR-3529 is elevated in TAD patients and disrupts HASMCs homeostasis by reprogramming metabolism through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings favor a role for miR-3529 as a novel target for TAD therapy.

Abstract Objectives Falls are common in adults aged 65 years and older and are the leading cause of traumatic brain injuries in this age group. Alcohol use may increase the risk of falls as well as the severity of resultant injuries. The aim of this study was to examine the association between self‐reported alcohol use and the prevalence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in this patient group. Methods This was a secondary analysis of the Geriatric Head Trauma Short Term Outcomes Project (GREAT STOP), a study of older adults with blunt head trauma from a fall. We determined the characteristics of every fall event, including patient demographics and medical history, and clinical signs and symptoms related to head trauma. Self‐reported alcohol use was categorized as none, occasionally, weekly, or daily. We defined ICH as any acute ICH detected by computed tomography scan. We evaluated the association between alcohol use frequency and ICH, adjusted for patient factors and head injury risk factors. Results Of 3128 study participants, 18.2% (n = 567) reported alcohol use: 10.3% with occasional use, 1.9% with weekly use, and 6.0% with daily use. ICH was more common in patients who used alcohol (20.5%, 22.0%, and 25.1% for occasional, weekly, and daily alcohol users, respectively, vs. 12.0% for non‐users, p

IntroductionGlenohumeral subluxation (GHS) is a common complication in stroke patients with hemiplegia, occurring in approximately 17–81% of cases. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between shoulder muscle thickness and the degree of subluxation using ultrasound imaging.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 61 stroke patients with hemiplegia was conducted, measuring supraspinatus muscle thickness, deltoid muscle thickness, and acromion-greater tuberosity (AGT). Logistic regression and ROC analyses were used. ROC curves, calibration plots, and decision curves were drawn on the training and validation sets.ResultsAccording to logistic regression analysis, the ratio of supraspinatus muscle thickness was statistically significant (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.70–0.92; p

Heart failure (HF) is an increasingly prevalent disease in humans; it induces multiple symptoms and damages health. The animal gut microbiota has critical roles in host health, which might be related to HF symptoms. Currently, several options are used to treat HF, including non-invasive ventilation (NIV). However, studies on gut microbiota responses to acute HF and associated treatments effects on gut communities in patients are scarce. Here, short-term (1 week after treatments) and long-term (3 months after treatment) variations in gut microbiota variations in rats with acute HF treated were examined NIV through high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Through comparison of gut microbiota alpha diversity, it was observed lower gut microbiota richness and diversity in animals with acute HF than in normal animals. Additionally, beta-diversity analysis revealed significant alterations in the gut microbiota composition induced by acute HF, as reflected by increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratios and Proteobacteria enrichment. When network analysis results were combined with the null model, decreased stability and elevated deterministic gut microbiota assemblies were observed in animals with acute HF. Importantly, in both short- and long-term periods, NIV was found to restore gut microbiota dysbiosis to normal states in acute HF rats. Finally, it was shown that considerable gut microbiota variations existed in rats with acute HF, that underlying microbiota mechanisms regulated these changes, and confirmed that NIV is suitable for HF treatment. In future studies, these findings should be validated with different model systems or clinical samples.

The role of the gut microbiota in host physiology has been previously elucidated for some marine organisms, but little information is available on their metabolic activity involved in transformation of environmental pollutants. This study assessed the metabolic profiles of the gut microbial cultures from grouper (Epinephelus coioides), green mussel (Perna viridis) and giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) and investigated their transformation mechanisms to typical plastic additives. Community-level physiological profiling analysis confirmed the utilization profiles of the microbial cultures including carbon sources of carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, phenolic compounds, polymers and amino acids, and the plastic additives of organophosphate flame retardants, tetrabromobisphenol A derivates and bisphenols. Using in vitro incubation, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) was found to be rapidly metabolized into diphenyl phosphate by the gut microbiota as a representative ester-containing plastic additive, whereas the transformation of BPA (a representative phenol) was relatively slower. Interestingly, all three kinds of microbial cultures efficiently transformed the hepatic metabolite of BPA (BPA-G) back to BPA, thereby increasing its bioavailability in the body. The specific enzyme analysis confirmed the ability of the gut microbiota to perform the metabolic reactions. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing and network analysis revealed that the genera Escherichia-Shigella, Citrobacter, and Anaerospora were functional microbes, and their collaboration with fermentative microbes played pivotal roles in the transformation of the plastic additives. The structure-specific transformations by the gut microbiota and their distinct bioavailability deserve more attention in the future.

Summary: PU.1 (SPI1) is pivotal in hematopoiesis, yet its role in human endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) remains unclear. Comparing human in vivo and in vitro EHT transcriptomes revealed SPI1’s regulatory role. Knocking down SPI1 during in vitro EHT led to a decrease in the generation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and their differentiation potential. Through multi-omic analysis, we identified KLF1 and LYL1 - transcription factors specific to erythroid/myeloid and lymphoid cells, respectively - as downstream targets of SPI1. Overexpressing KLF1 or LYL1 partially rescues the SPI1 knockdown-induced reduction in HPC formation. Specifically, KLF1 overexpression restores myeloid lineage potential, while LYL1 overexpression re-establishes lymphoid lineage potential. We also observed a SPI1-LYL1 axis in the regulatory network in in vivo EHT. Taken together, our findings shed new light on the role of SPI1 in regulating lineage commitment during EHT, potentially contributing to the heterogeneity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).

Abstract Objective The aim of this research was to examine how penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) impacts the occurrence of pyroptosis in lung tissue cells within a rat model of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Twenty-four Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 250 g to 270 g, were randomly distributed into three distinct groups as outlined below: a sham operation group (S group), a control group (C group), and a test group (PHC group). Rats in the PHC group received a preliminary intravenous injection of PHC at a dose of 3 mg/kg. At the conclusion of the experiment, lung tissue and blood samples were collected and properly stored for subsequent analysis. The levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and myeloperoxidase in the lung tissue, as well as IL-18 and IL-1β in the blood serum, were assessed using an Elisa kit. Pyroptosis-related proteins, including Caspase1 p20, GSDMD-N, and NLRP3, were detected through the western blot method. Additionally, the dry-to-wet ratio (D/W) of the lung tissue and the findings from the blood gas analysis were also documented. Results In contrast to the control group, the PHC group showed enhancements in oxygenation metrics, reductions in oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, and a decrease in lung injury. Additionally, the PHC group exhibited lowered levels of pyroptosis-associated proteins, including the N-terminal segment of gasdermin D (GSDMD-N), caspase-1p20, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3). Conclusion Pre-administration of PHC has the potential to mitigate lung ischemia-reperfusion injuries by suppressing the pyroptosis of lung tissue cells, diminishing inflammatory reactions, and enhancing lung function. The primary mechanism behind anti-pyroptotic effect of PHC appears to involve the inhibition of oxidative stress.

Abstract Background Adenovirus (ADV) is a prevalent infective virus in children, accounting for around 5–10% of all cases of acute respiratory illnesses and 4–15% of pneumonia cases in children younger than five years old. Without treatment, severe ADV pneumonia could result in fatality rates of over 50% in cases of emerging strains or disseminated disease. This study aims to uncover the relationship of clinical indicators with primary ADV infection severity, regarding duration of hospitalization and liver injury. Methods In this retrospective study, we collected and analyzed the medical records of 1151 in-patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to duration of hospitalization, all patients were divided into three groups. Then the difference and correlation of clinical indicators with ADV infection were analyzed, and the relationship among liver injury, immune cells and cytokines was evaluated. Results The study revealed that patients with a duration of hospitalization exceeding 14 days had the highest percentage of abnormalities across most indicators. This was in contrast to the patients with a hospitalization duration of either less than or equal to 7 days or between 7 and 14 days. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated that a longer duration of body temperature of ≥ 39°C, bilateral lung lobes infiltration detected by X ray, abnormal levels of AST, PaO2, and SPO2, and a lower age were all predictive of longer hospital stays. Furthermore, an elevated AST level and reduced liver synthesis capacity were related with a longer hospital stay and higher ADV copy number. Additionally, AST/ALT was correlated positively with IFN-γ level and IFN-γ level was only correlated positively with CD4+ T cells. Conclusions The study provided a set of predicting indicators for longer duration of hospitalization, which responded for primary severe ADV infection, and elucidated the possible reason for prolonged duration of hospitalization attributing to liver injury via higher ADV copy number, IFN-γ and CD4+ T cells, which suggested the importance of IFN-γ level and liver function monitoring for the patients with primary severe ADV infection.

Objective: To analyze the genome sequence information and biological properties of the pre-screened high-performance cypermethrin (β-CY)-degrading Bacillus cereus strain GW-01 through whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics, and to provide valuable insights for its safety assessment. Methods: The degradation ability of GW-01 towards β-CY was verified using HPLC. The whole genome of strain GW-01 was sequenced using third-generation single-molecule sequencing technology based on the second-generation Illumina NovaSeq and third-generation PacBio Sequel sequencing platforms. The sequencing data underwent analyses for genome assembly, gene prediction, functional annotation, prediction of carbohydrate-activating enzymes, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. Additionally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed for strain GW-01 based on the gyrA gene sequence. Results: On day 6, GW-01 degraded 48.4% of β-CY. The whole genome size of GW-01 strain was 5244145 bp with a cyclic genome type and an average GC content of 36.43%. It encoded a total of 5314 genes, including 104 tRNA genes and 313 ncRNAs. The whole genome sequences of GW-01 were annotated in the GO, KEGG, COG, NR, Swiss-Prot, CAZy, VFDB, and CARD databases, yielding 3536, 4714, 4434, 5290, 3854, 135, 263 and 96 annotated genes, respectively. GW-01 exhibited higher GC content and fewer virulence factors and resistance genes compared to the other four closely related strains. Conclusion: GW-01 displayed a distinct evolutionary pathway and a lower number of toxin-encoding genes compared to common Bacillus cereus strains, suggesting its higher safety profile.

Skeletal muscle diseases, a broad category encompassing a myriad of afflictions such as acute muscle injury and muscular dystrophies, pose a significant health burden globally. These conditions often lead to muscle weakness, compromised mobility, and a diminished quality of life. In light of this, innovative and effective therapeutic strategies are fervently sought after. Exosomes, naturally extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30–150 nm, pervade biological fluids. These microscopic entities harbor a host of biological molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, bearing a significant resemblance to their parent cells. The roles they play in the biological theater are manifold, influencing crucial physiological and pathological processes within the organism. In the context of skeletal muscle diseases, their potential extends beyond these roles, as they present a promising therapeutic target and a vehicle for targeted drug delivery. This potentially paves the way for significant clinical applications. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning exosome action, their myriad biological functions, and the strides made in exosome research and application. A comprehensive exploration of the part played by exosomes in skeletal muscle repair and regeneration is undertaken. In addition, we delve into the use of exosomes in the therapeutic landscape of skeletal muscle diseases, providing a valuable reference for a deeper understanding of exosome applications in this realm. The concluding section encapsulates the prospective avenues for exosome research and the promising future they hold, underscoring the tremendous potential these diminutive vesicles possess in the field of skeletal muscle diseases.The Translational Potential of this Article.The comprehensive exploration of exosome's diverse biological functions and translational potential in the context of skeletal muscle diseases presented in this review underscores their promising future as a therapeutic target with significant clinical applications, thus paving the way for innovative and effective therapeutic strategies in this realm.

Abstract Objective To study the changes of retinal function in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) patients without apparently diabetic retinopathy via multifocal electroretinogram. Methods: Thirty-six type 2 DM patients (72 eyes) without visible diabetic retinopathy were selected as the experimental group, and thirty-five healthy subjects (70 eyes) were selected as the control group. All subjects were underwent multifocal electroretinogram (mf- ERG). Results Compared with the control group, the implicit time delay of the P1 wave in the first ring, third ring, fourth ring, and fifth ring of the experimental group was significant (t = -3.154, p = 0.004, t = -8.21, p = 0.000, t = -3.067, p = 0.004, t = -4.443, p = 0.000, respectively). The implicit time of the N1 wave in the fourth- and fifth-ring were also significantly delayed compared with the control group (t = -3.549, p = 0.001, t = 2.961, p = 0.005, respectively). Compared with the control group, the implicit time of the P1 wave and N1 wave in the temporal region of the experimental group were delayed (t = -2.148, p = 0.037, t = -2.834, p = 0.007, respectively). There were no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group of the temporal area in the amplitude density of P1 wave, N1 wave. There was no difference in the implicit time and amplitude density of the N1 and P1 waves in the nasal region between the experimental group and the control group. The multifocal electroretinogram complex parameters showed better specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion The multifocal electroretinogram can detect abnormal changes in the retina of type 2 DM patients without visible diabetic retinopathy. The multifocal electroretinogram complex parameter is a potential indicator for the early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract Objective To investigate the clinical features, treatment strategies, and prognosis of neuroblastoma with bilateral blindness. Methods The clinical data of five patients with bilateral blindness neuroblastoma admitted to Beijing Children’s Hospital from April 2018 to September 2020 were retrospectively collected to summarize their clinical characteristics. Results All patients were female and the median age at presentation was 25 (23, 41) months. The median intervention time from the onset of symptoms of bilateral blindness to the start of treatment was 10 (10, 12) days. All five cases were staged as stage M and grouped as high risk. Four cases were MYCN gene amplification and one case was MYCN acquisition. Five children were treated according to a high-risk neuroblastoma treatment protocol. Four children did not recover their vision after treatment, and one case improved to have light perception. All patients were effectively followed up for a median of 20 (12, 31) months, with three deaths, one tumor-free survival, and one recurrent tumor-bearing survival. Conclusion Neuroblastoma with bilateral blindness is rare in the clinic, mostly in children of young age, and is often associated with MYCN amplification and multiple metastases. Early hormone shock therapy and optic nerve decompression are beneficial for preserving the child’s vision. A joint multi-disciplinary treatment may help in the formulation of treatment decisions. Achieving a balance between good visual preservation and survival within the short optic nerve neurotherapeutic window is extremely challenging.

The recent increase in blast/bombing incidents all over the world has pushed the development of effective strengthening approaches to enhance the blast resistance of existing civil infrastructures. Engineered geopolymer composite (EGC) is a promising material featured by eco-friendly, fast-setting and strain-hardening characteristics for emergent strengthening and construction. However, the fiber optimization for preparing EGC and its protective effect on structural elements under blast scenarios are uncertain. In this study, laboratory tests were firstly conducted to evaluate the effects of fiber types on the properties of EGC in terms of workability, dry shrinkage, and mechanical properties in compression, tension and flexure. The experimental results showed that EGC containing PE fiber exhibited suitable workability, acceptable dry shrinkage and superior mechanical properties compared with other types of fibers. After that, a series of field tests were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of EGC retrofitting layer on the enhancement of blast performance of typical elements. The tests include autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry walls subjected to vented gas explosion, reinforced AAC panels subjected to TNT explosion and plain concrete slabs subjected to contact explosion. It was found that EGC could effectively enhance the blast resistance of structural elements in different scenarios. For AAC masonry walls and panels, with the existence of EGC, the integrity of specimens could be maintained, and their deflections and damage were significantly reduced. For plain concrete slabs, the EGC overlay could reduce the diameter and depth of the crater and spallation of specimens.

The genus Dioszegia is comprised of anamorphic basidiomycetous yeasts and is classified in the family Bulleribasidiaceae of the order Tremellales. Currently, 24 species have been described and accepted as members of the genus, although its diversity and global distribution have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, yeasts were isolated from plant leaves collected in the Guizhou and Henan Provinces of China and identified through a combination of morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS and LSU sequences coupled with morphological studies revealed three novel species, D. guizhouensis sp. nov., D. foliicola sp. nov., and D. aurantia sp. nov., proposed here. Additionally, our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the recently discovered species D. terrae is a synonym of D. maotaiensis. This study presents detailed descriptions and illustrations of three new Dioszegia species and highlights distinctions between them and their close relatives. The findings of this study contribute to our knowledge of the biodiversity of Dioszegia, offering a foundation for future research.

Background Exercise research targeting chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been conducted for more than 30 years, and the benefits of exercise for CKD patients have been progressively demonstrated. This study analyzes citation classics on clinical intervention trials on exercise training and CKD to describe the research landscape and hotspots through bibliometric analysis.Methods To identify clinical trials of exercise training interventions for CKD with more than 100 citations from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Extracted bibliometric information, participant information, and study characteristics of the included articles. The total citations, annual average citations, publication of year, author keywords, and study-related data were bibliometric analyzed and described using Excel 2019 and VOSviewer software.Results A total of 30 citation classics were included, with a total citation frequency of 102 to 279 (mean ± standard deviation: 148.4 ± 49.4). The American Journal of Kidney Diseases (n = 7) published the most (n = 7) classic citations in the field of CKD exercise research, and the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology was the most cited. The hotspot of research around CKD and exercise training interventions focused on population (hemodialysis and end-stage renal disease), exercise type (resistance training, yoga, and leg-cycling), and outcomes (cardiovascular indices, physical performance, psychological status, kidney function, physical activity). Reported dropout rates ranged from 0.0% to 47.4%.Conclusion A bibliometric analysis of citation classics on exercise training and CKD highlights the potential benefits of exercise as a non-pharmacological therapy for patients with CKD, as well as developments and hotspots in the field.

AbstractBackground Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most widespread and fatal pulmonary complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Existing knowledge on the prevalence and risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is inconclusive. Therefore, we designed this review to address this gap.Materials and Methods To find relevant observational studies discussing the prevalence and/or risk factors of RA-ILD, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were explored. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) / hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with a fixed/ random effects model. While subgroup analysis, meta-regression analysis and sensitivity analysis were carried out to determine the sources of heterogeneity, the I2 statistic was utilized to assess between-studies heterogeneity. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were employed to assess publication bias. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, our review was conducted.Results A total of 56 studies with 11,851 RA-ILD patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of RA-ILD was 18.7% (95% CI 15.8–21.6) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 96.4%). The prevalence of RA-ILD was found to be more likely as a result of several identified factors, including male sex (ORs = 1.92 95% CI 1.70–2.16), older age (WMDs = 6.89, 95% CI 3.10–10.67), having a smoking history (ORs =1.91, 95% CI 1.48–2.47), pulmonary comorbidities predicted (HRs = 2.08, 95% CI 1.89–2.30), longer RA duration (ORs = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05), older age of RA onset (WMDs =4.46, 95% CI 0.63–8.29), positive RF (HRs = 1.15, 95%CI 0.75-1.77; ORs = 2.11, 95%CI 1.65–2.68), positive ACPA (ORs = 2.11, 95%CI 1.65–2.68), higher ESR (ORs = 1.008, 95%CI 1.002–1.014), moderate and high DAS28 (≥3.2) (ORs = 1.87, 95%CI 1.36–2.58), rheumatoid nodules (ORs = 1.87, 95% CI 1.18-2.98), LEF use (ORs = 1.42, 95%CI 1.08–1.87) and steroid use (HRs= 1.70, 1.13–2.55). The use of biological agents was a protective factor (HRs = 0.77, 95% CI 0.69–0.87).Conclusion(s) The pooled prevalence of RA-ILD in our study was approximately 18.7%. Furthermore, we identified 13 risk factors for RA-ILD, including male sex, older age, having a smoking history, pulmonary comorbidities, older age of RA onset, longer RA duration, positive RF, positive ACPA, higher ESR, moderate and high DAS28 (≥3.2), rheumatoid nodules, LEF use and steroid use. Additionally, biological agents use was a protective factor.

Purpose: The number of clinical reports of acupuncture therapy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is gradually increasing. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to examine the therapeutic role of acupuncture therapy in kidney function and common symptoms in CKD patients.Methods: We searched Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, and WeiPu for randomized controlled trials comparing acupuncture treatment with control or placebo groups. We assessed the effect of acupuncture therapy in CKD patients using a meta-analysis with the hartung-knapp-sidik-jonkman random effects model. In addition, we visualized keyword co-occurrence overlay visualization with the help of VOSviewer software to describe the research hotspots of acupuncture therapy and CKD.Results: A total of 24 studies involving 1494 participants were included. Compared to the control group, acupuncture therapy reduced serum creatinine levels (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.57; 95% CI −1.05 to −0.09) and relieved pruritus (SMD: −2.20; 95% CI −3.84, −0.57) in patients with CKD, while the TSA showed that the included sample size did not exceed the required information size. The included studies did not report acupuncture-related adverse events.Conclusions: Acupuncture is an effective and safe treatment for improving kidney function and relieving pruritic symptoms in patients with CKD, but the very low evidence may limit this conclusion. The TSA suggests that high-quality trials are needed to validate the efficacy of acupuncture therapy.

Background: Numerous social and behavioral factors have been implicated in vaccination coverage. There is no single measure that describes a country's ability to improve or maintain its immunization coverage. Methods: We estimated the “Vaccination Improvement Potential” (VIP) by taking the geometric mean of 13 different indicators on health financing, vaccine confidence, and socio-demographics for more than 200 countries across 30 years. Potential VIP Index values range from 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater potential to improve or maintain high vaccination rates. Findings: In 1990, the mean VIP score was 0.49 (range = 0.13 to 0.86). In 2019, the mean score was 0.59 (range = 0.25 to 0.84). Consistent high performers included countries in Western Europe and high-income North America and East Asia. Important differences in subcomponents of the index drove major trends including vaccine hesitancy in Western Europe and Asia as well as lower levels of per capita health spending and development assistance in sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation: The VIP Index is a first-of-its-kind tool for understanding the capacity that exists in a country to realize improved immunization rates. It is a new resource that can guide researchers, policymakers, and health officials to more effectively deploy resources to realize improvements in vaccination coverage, assess the impact of those improvements, and identify countries that might require additional support to improve vaccine coverage. Funding: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of Shengjiang powder as a treatment for DKD.MethodsA comprehensive search was performed in eight databases from their inception to December 30, 2023, to identify relevant RCTs. The inclusion criteria were diagnosis of DKD and intervention including TCM that contained Shengjiang powder. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and data extraction, utilizing the Rob2 tool and GRADE to assess the quality of the RCTs. Meta-analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.4.1 and Stata 15.0.ResultsAs a result of the search, 23 RCTs comprising 1,682 patients. The interventions resulted in significant reductions in all the assessed indicators: 24-h urinary protein, UAER, mALB, BUN, Scr, FBG, 2hPG, HbA1c, total cholesterol, and Triglycerides. Together the results showed that Shengjiang powder, in conjunction with conventional therapy, is an effective treatment of DKD. Subgroup analyses, considering duration, stage, blood glucose control levels, baseline blood glucose levels, and baseline Scr levels indicated that shorter duration treatment had a greater effect on UAER, 2hPG, and HbA1c. Additionally, Shengjiang powder was more effective in reducing 24-h urinary protein, Scr, and 2hPG in stage IV patients compared to corresponding values at other stages. However, with respect to FBG, the treatment was more effective in stage II/III. Shengjiang powder also, reduced Scr levels significantly in patients with higher baseline Scr and reduced urinary protein excretion with stricter blood glucose control. The interventions had additional lipid-regulating effects in cases with looser blood glucose control and led to a remarkable reduction in BUN and Scr levels in patients with FBG > 11.1 mmol/L.ConclusionShengjiang powder may supplement conventional therapy, thus benefiting DKD patients in terms of reducing urinary protein, stabilizing kidney function, and improving blood glucose and lipid metabolism. Considering the significant heterogeneity among studies and limited quality of some reports, our conclusions need to be further verified through analyses utilizing larger, multi-center samples of higher quality.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024490795.

Background: The prognosis of patients with hepatoblastoma has been unsatisfactory. This study analyzed the effects of different treatment methods on cancer-specific survival (CSS) in children with hepatoblastoma. Method: From 2000 to 2018, patients with hepatoblastoma were included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. CSS was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression analysis assessed prognostic factors. The predictive models were validated using the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Result: Of the 785 included patients, 730 (93.0 %) underwent chemotherapy, 516 (65.7 %) underwent liver tumour resection and 129 (16.4 %) underwent liver transplantation. Both chemotherapy and surgery could significantly improve the CSS rate (all p 0.05) had a similar prognosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (p = 0.003), race (p = 0.001), operative method (p

Background: Breast cancer is the most widespread malignant tumor worldwide. Single-cell sequencing technology offers novel insights and methods to understand the onset, progression, and treatment of tumors. Nevertheless, there is currently an absence of a thorough and unbiased report on the comprehensive research status of single-cell sequencing in breast cancer. This study seeks to summarize and quantify the dynamics and trends of research on breast cancer single-cell sequencing by bibliometric analysis. Methods: Research articles and reviews related to breast cancer single-cell sequencing were selected from the WoSCC database. Visualization of data regarding countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords was performed by CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. Results: 583 articles and reviews were analyzed in this study. The quantity of publications related to breast cancer single-cell sequencing has been increasing annually. These studies originate from 302 institutions in 46 countries, with YMAX S WICHA producing the most publications and WANG Y being the most cited author. Nature Communications is the most researched journal, while Nature holds the highest number of citations. These journals predominantly cover topics in the molecular/biological/immunological fields. Moreover, an analysis of reference and keyword bursts revealed that current research trends in this area are primarily centered on “clonal evolution,” “tumor microenvironment,” and “immunotherapy.” Conclusion: Breast cancer single-cell sequencing is a rapidly growing area of scientific interest. Future research requires more frequent and in-depth collaborations among countries, institutions, and authors. Furthermore, “clonal evolution,” “tumor microenvironment,” and “immunotherapy” are likely to become major focal points in upcoming research on breast cancer single-cell sequencing.

PurposeThis study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and evaluate the different types of thyroid dysfunction in babies with neonatal hyperthyroidism.MethodsThe clinical data of 19 neonates with hyperthyroidism admitted to the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2012 and April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsFifteen (78.9%) infants were born to mothers with Graves’ disease. Eleven (57.9%) infants were premature; two babies were born at small for gestational age. The age at diagnosis ranged from 3 to 34 days, with a mean of 18.53 ± 6.85 days. The majority of the babies presented with goiter (84.2%) and tachycardia (94.7%) after birth. Nine (47.4%) of them presented with abnormal weight gain, seven (36.8%) presented with stare or ocular protrusion, six (31.6%) presented with hyperexcitability, four (21.1%) presented with jaundice and liver dysfunction, two (10.5%) presented with sweating, one (5.3%) presented with fever, and one case presented without any symptoms. Transient hyperthyroidism was the main thyroid dysfunction in our study. Overt hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 13 (68.4%) neonates. Another three babies (15.8%) presented with hyperthyroidism with slightly elevated free triiodothyronine levels, normal thyroxine (T4) levels, and low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Normal thyroid hormone levels with low TSH levels were observed in three (15.8%) neonates. Ten children were treated with antithyroid drugs. Eighteen children recovered normal thyroid function at 1–3 months of age; one baby in the study group required further levothyroxine supplementation due to primary hypothyroidism (HT). One child was found to have developmental delay at 2 years of age during follow-up.ConclusionsOur study highlights the need for prolonged monitoring of thyroid function in suspected patients. A single normal screening for hyperthyroidism or the absence of a maternal history of hyperthyroidism cannot exclude this disease.

Background: The GIMAP family genes play a key role in immune function. Increasing evidence suggests that GIMAP genes were implicated in the tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of GIMAP family genes in LUAD. Methods: In this study, we explored the expression, mutation, prognostic value of GIMAP family genes and the correlation with immune microenvironment in LUAD. We further investigated the relationship between GIMAP family genes expression and immunotherapy response in GEO LUAD and melanoma cohorts. Results: Among the GIMAP family genes, the expression levels of GIMAP1, GIMAP2, GIMAP4, GIMAP5, GIMAP6, GIMAP7, and GIMAP8 were significantly lower in LUAD tumor tissues than normal tissues. Most GIMAP genes were closely related to age, tumor grade and T stage, but not significantly related to sex, N stage and M stage. In the overall population, patients with high expression of GIMAP family genes had a significant longer overall survival (OS). GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that GIMAP family genes were highly enriched in immune-related biological process. The expression of GIMAP family genes was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint molecules. Furthermore, high expression of GIMAP family genes were correlated with therapeutic response to immunotherapy in LUAD and melanoma patients. Conclusion: In this study, we identified that GIMAP family genes were significantly associated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint molecules. They potentially play a critical role in anti-tumor immunity and serve as immunotherapy biomarkers.

Pyrethroids (PYs) are widely applied pesticides whose residues pose potential health risks. This review describes current knowledge on PY chemical properties, usage patterns, environmental and food contamination, and human exposure models. It evaluates life cycle assessment (LCA), chemical alternatives assessment (CAA), and high-throughput screening (HTS) as tools for pesticide policy. Despite efforts to mitigate PY presence, their pervasive residues in the environment and food persist. And the highest concentrations ranged from 54,360 to 80,500 ng/L in water samples from agricultural fields. Food processing techniques variably reduce PY levels, yet no method guarantees complete elimination. This review provides insights into the fates and exposure pathways of PY residues in agriculture and food, and highlights the necessity for improved PY management and alternative practices to safeguard health and environment.

Abstract Objective Radiation therapy (RT) may increase the risk of second cancer. This study aimed to determine the association between exposure to radiotherapy for the treatment of thoracic cancer (TC) and subsequent secondary lung cancer (SLC). Materials and Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (from 1975 to 2015) was queried for TC. Univariate Cox regression analyses and multiple primary standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to assess the risk of SLC. Subgroup analyses of patients stratified by latency time since TC diagnosis, age at TC diagnosis, and calendar year of TC diagnosis stage were also performed. Overall survival and SLC‐related death were compared among the RT and no radiation therapy (NRT) groups by using Kaplan–Meier analysis and competitive risk analysis. Results In a total of 329 129 observations, 147 847 of whom had been treated with RT. And 6799 patients developed SLC. Receiving radiotherapy was related to a higher risk of developing SLC for TC patients (adjusted HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.19–1.32; P

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are uncommon. Although some studies have explored the distribution and characteristics of IEMs in newborns, the impact of these disorders on hospitalized newborns remains unclear. In this study, we gathered data from 21,840 newborn patients admitted for various medical conditions at the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2017 and December 2022. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), and genetic analysis were used to elucidate the disease spectrum, incidence rate, and genetic characteristics of IEMs in hospitalized newborns. The results revealed that the incidence of IEMs in hospitalized newborns was 1/377 (58/21,840), with a higher incidence in full-term infants (1/428) than in premature infants (1/3,120). Among the diagnosed genetic metabolic diseases, organic acid metabolism disorders (1/662), amino acid metabolism disorders (1/950), and fatty acid oxidation disorders (1/10,920) were the most prevalent. Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), especially the isolated form, emerged as the most common IEM, while neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) were prevalent in premature infants. Of the 58 confirmed cases of IEMs, 72 variants were identified, of which 31.94% (23/72) had not been reported previously. This study contributes to understanding the incidence and clinical features of IEMs in hospitalized newborns, offering more efficient strategies for screening and diagnosing these disorders.

Background: Respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) is a common and severe complication of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) with a reported incidence ranging from 20 % to 30 %. Thus, we aim to develop a nomogram to evaluate the risk of MV in patients with GBS at admission and tailor individualized care and treatment. Methods: A total of 633 patients with GBS (434 in the training set, and 199 in the validation set) admitted to the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China from January 2010 to January 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. Subjects (n = 71) from the same institution from January 2021 to May 2022 were prospectively collected and allocated to the testing set. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to build a predictive model incorporating the optimal features selected in the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) in the training set. The predictive model was validated using internal bootstrap resampling, an external validation set, and a prospective testing set, and the model's performance was assessed by using the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Finally, we established a multivariable logistic model by using variables of the Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Score (EGRIS) and did the same analysis to compare the performance of our predictive model with the EGRIS model. Results: Variables in the final model selected by LASSO included time from onset to admission, facial and/or bulbar weakness, Medical Research Council sum score at admission, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio. The model presented as a nomogram displaying favorable discriminative ability with a C-index of 0.914 in the training set, 0.903 in the internal validation set, 0.953 in the external validation set, and 0.929 in the testing set. The model was well-calibrated and clinically useful as assessed by the calibration curve and DCA. As compared with the EGRIS model, our predictive model displayed satisfactory performance. Conclusions: We constructed a nomogram for early prediction of the risk of MV in patients with GBS. This model had satisfactory performance and appeared more efficient than the EGRIS model in Chinese patients with GBS.

PurposeThis research investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being and sleep quality of students in higher vocational colleges in Sichuan, China, identifying key factors influencing their psychological health during this period.MethodsBetween January and February 2022, a comprehensive survey was conducted among students from several higher vocational colleges in Sichuan, utilizing a randomized selection approach to involve 3,300 participants. Data were collected through direct interviews executed by skilled interviewers.ResultsOut of 3,049 valid responses, a significant number reported experiencing symptoms of poor mental health, anxiety, depression, and insomnia, with prevalence rates of 21.2%, 9.7%, 14.1%, and 81.9%, respectively. Factors contributing positively to mental health and sleep included a higher family economic status, reduced stress from the pandemic, and decreased online activity. Conversely, lack of physical activity post-pandemic, disruptions to education and employment, and deteriorating relationships emerged as negative influencers. Interestingly, a lack of pre-pandemic mental health knowledge acted as a protective factor against insomnia.ConclusionThe ongoing management of COVID-19 has notably influenced the psychological and sleep health of vocational college students, driven by economic, emotional, lifestyle, and educational factors. The findings underscore the necessity for targeted interventions to address these challenges effectively.

BackgroundExposure to trauma is often associated with an increased incidence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), yet the mechanisms underlying MDD development post-trauma remain elusive. The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, suggesting its potential role in post-traumatic MDD (PTMDD) development. Our study aimed to assess the significance of the gut microbiome-brain interaction in PTMDD.MethodsWe conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and both PTMDD and trauma exposure in MDD. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets for PTMDD and trauma exposure in MDD, both derived from the UK Biobank. The PTMDD dataset included 24,090 individuals (13,393 cases and 10,701 controls), while the dataset for trauma exposure in MDD comprised 22,880 participants (13,393 cases and 9,487 controls). Additionally, gut microbiota data from the MiBioGen consortium included 14,306 European individuals across 18 diverse cohorts.ResultsOur research identified a significant negative association between the phylum Verrucomicrobia (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] =0.799 [0.684–0.933], P=0.005) and the risk of developing PTMDD, suggesting a protective role for Verrucomicrobia against PTMDD. Conversely, our findings indicate no causal effects of the gut microbiota on trauma exposure in MDD. However, reverse analysis revealed that both PTMDD and MDD influence certain bacterial traits, affecting 5 and 9 bacterial traits, respectively. Moreover, Verrucomicrobia (OR [95% CI] = 1.166 [1.051 - 1.294], P=0.004) was found to be positively impacted by trauma exposure in MDD.ConclusionOur findings provide a cause-and-effect relationship between the gut microbiota and PTMDD, contributing to our understanding of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and its role in neuropsychiatric disorder development after trauma. This information provides an opportunity for new treatment and prevention methods which are aimed at the gut-brain interaction.

Objective The Beikang Basin, located in the southern South China Sea, is a significant area for offshore oil and gas exploration in China. Previous studies in this region have primarily focused on the Palaeogene source rock and the Middle Miocene carbonate reservoirs, neglecting the investigation of deep-water sediments since the Late Miocene. Methods Therefore, this study aims to explore the spatiotemporal distribution, characteristics, and controlling factors of deep-water sediments in the Beikang Basin since the Late Miocene, utilizing 2D seismic data. Results Three types of sedimentary deposits have been identified in the Beikang Basin since the Late Miocene: draping strates, mass-transport deposits (MTDs), and turbidites. Turbidites can be further classified into confined turbidites and delta-front ones. The study reveals that the draping state is predominantly developed in the forebulge tectonic regions of the Beikang Basin, with a decreasing thickness from South to North. MTDs, on the other hand, are mainly distributed in the Backbulge zone, with a thickness that decreases from Southwest to Northeast. The findings indicate that the development and distribution of sediments in the Beikang Basin are influenced by various factors, including sedimentary supply, geomorphic features, tectonic activity, and eustatic sea level changes. The location and thickness of deep-water sediments are primarily controlled by the supply of materials. Additionally, the distribution range of gravity flow deposits and draping states is influenced by the topography of the area. Conclusion These results provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the development and controlling factors of deep-water sediments in the Beikang Basin.

The association between adhesion function and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is increasingly recognized; however, the precise role of adhesion function in the pathogenesis and prognosis of PTC remains unclear. In this study, we employed the robust rank aggregation algorithm to identify 64 stable adhesion-related differentially expressed genes (ARDGs). Subsequently, using univariate Cox regression analysis, we identified 16 prognostic ARDGs. To construct PTC survival risk scoring models, we employed Lasso Cox and multivariate + stepwise Cox regression methods. Comparative analysis of these models revealed that the Lasso Cox regression model (LPSRSM) displayed superior performance. Further analyses identified age and LPSRSM as independent prognostic factors for PTC. Notably, patients classified as low-risk by LPSRSM exhibited significantly better prognosis, as demonstrated by Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Additionally, we investigated the potential impact of adhesion feature on energy metabolism and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, leveraging the CMAP database, we screened 10 drugs that may improve prognosis. Finally, using Lasso regression analysis, we identified four genes for a diagnostic model of lymph node metastasis and three genes for a diagnostic model of tumor. These gene models hold promise for prognosis and disease diagnosis in PTC.

Land image recognition and classification and land environment detection are important research fields in remote sensing applications. Because of the diversity and complexity of different tasks of land environment recognition and classification, it is difficult for researchers to use a single model to achieve the best performance in scene classification of multiple remote sensing land images. Therefore, to determine which model is the best for the current recognition classification tasks, it is often necessary to select and experiment with many different models. However, finding the optimal model is accompanied by an increase in trial-and-error costs and is a waste of researchers’ time, and it is often impossible to find the right model quickly. To address the issue of existing models being too large for easy selection, this paper proposes a multi-path reconfigurable network structure and takes the multi-path reconfigurable residual network (MR-ResNet) model as an example. The reconfigurable neural network model allows researchers to selectively choose the required modules and reassemble them to generate customized models by splitting the trained models and connecting them through modules with different properties. At the same time, by introducing the concept of a multi-path input network, the optimal path is selected by inputting different modules, which shortens the training time of the model and allows researchers to easily find the network model suitable for the current application scenario. A lot of training data, computational resources, and model parameter experience are saved. Three public datasets, NWPU-RESISC45, RSSCN7, and SIRI-WHU datasets, were used for the experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model surpasses the classic residual network (ResNet) in terms of both parameters and performance.

In 2013, the second outbreak of peste des petits ruminants occurred in China, leading to a spillover in more than 20 provinces and municipalities over the next few months. Thereafter, the epidemic situation was stable owing to strict prevention and control measures. In February 2024, several bharals and argali with suspected symptoms of PPR were discovered in Rutog country, Tibet Autonomous Region. Samples collected from these animals were delivered to our laboratory for diagnosis; the results of fluorescence quantitative reverse-transcription (RT) PCR indicated that all samples were positive for PPR viral RNA. The N and F gene fragments were amplified successfully via RT-PCR, and these results confirmed that these animals were infected with PPRV. A PPRV strain (subsequently named ChinaTibet2024) was sequenced, and its genome length was 15,954 nucleotides. A phylogenetic tree analysis using N and F genes and viral genomes showed that the ChinaTibet2024 genome was classified into lineage IV of the PRRV genotypes. The genome of the ChinaTibet2024 strain was found to be closely related to PPRVs isolated in China between 2013 and 2014. A base insertion and a base deletion were detected in the M gene 5′ untranslated region. Results indicated that the prevalent PPRV strains in China did not show significant changes and that special attention should be paid to the surveillance of wild animals as an important part of PPR prevention and control.

Cerasus humilis has been widely used as a key ecological improvement plant species in barren lands in Northern China; however, the soil improvement effects of long-term C. humilis planting have rarely been reported. Our study aimed to determine the effects of planting C. humilis after 3, 6, and 10 years on the physicochemical properties and microbial community structures of the rhizosphere soil. pH decreased significantly with increasing time. Organic matter (OM), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), total potassium (TK), and available potassium (AK) increased gradually from 3 to 10 years. Alkaline and total nitrogen increased significantly and peaked at 6 years. Alkaline phosphatase, urease, sucrase, and hydrogen peroxide activities peaked at 6 years and decreased. Significant differences occurred in C. humilis rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community diversity and richness. Ace, Chaol, Shannon, and Simpson indices indicated diversity and richness of bacterial and fungal communities peaked at 3 and 10 years, respectively. Soil physicochemical properties, except pH, were positively significantly correlated with microbial community structure. AK and TK were the main factors for bacteria and fungi, respectively, with time. Increases in C. humilis rhizosphere soil microbial community relative abundance may be attributed to beneficial bacteria (Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria) and fungi (Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Basidiomycota). Physicochemical and soil and microbial community structure properties gradually improved; however, with time, adequate nutritional supplementation was needed to prevent decreased microbial community richness and diversity.

Weeds have a detrimental effect on crop yield. However, the prevailing chemical weed control methods cause pollution of the ecosystem and land. Therefore, it has become a trend to reduce dependence on herbicides; realize a sustainable, intelligent weed control method; and protect the land. In order to realize intelligent weeding, efficient and accurate crop and weed recognition is necessary. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely applied for weed and crop recognition due to their high speed and efficiency. In this paper, a multi-path input skip-residual network (SkipResNet) was put forward to upgrade the classification function of weeds and crops. It improved the residual block in the ResNet model and combined three different path selection algorithms. Experiments showed that on the plant seedling dataset, our proposed network achieved an accuracy of 95.07%, which is 0.73%, 0.37%, and 4.75% better than that of ResNet18, VGG19, and MobileNetV2, respectively. The validation results on the weed–corn dataset also showed that the algorithm can provide more accurate identification of weeds and crops, thereby reducing land contamination during the weeding process. In addition, the algorithm is generalizable and can be used in image classification in agriculture and other fields.

This study analyzed the effects of Trichoderma harzianum on the growth of continuous cropping Lagenaria siceraria and the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil and microbial community structure, using Illumina Miseq (PE300) high-throughput sequencing technology along with physiological and biochemical detection. The results indicated that after applying T. harzianum, the growth of L. siceraria was significantly promoted, with increases in plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight of 21.42%, 24.5%, and 4.5%, respectively. The pH of the rhizosphere soil decreased from 7.78 to 7.51, while the electrical conductivity, the available phosphorus, the available potassium, and the total nitrogen were markedly higher compared to the control group and increased by 13.95%, 22.54%, 21.37%, and 16.41%, respectively. The activities of catalase and sucrase in the rhizosphere increased by 18.33% and 61.47%, and the content of soil organic carbon (SOC) increased by 27.39%, which indicated that T. harzianum could enhance soil enzyme activity and promotes the transformation of organic matter. The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Pseudomonas increased, while the relative abundance of harmful fungi such as Fusarium and Podosphaera decreased significantly.