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To investigate whether transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) could improve post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and the potential mechanisms through which this can be achieved.Sixty patients with PSCI were selected and randomly divided into a control and observation group, respectively, with 30 cases in each group. Conventional cognitive rehabilitation training combined with TUS intervention was conducted in the observation group, while conventional cognitive rehabilitation training and sham-TUS stimulation were given to patients in the control group.The Mini-Mental State Exam, Modified Barthel Index score, P300 latency, and wave amplitude, as well as the serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, were significantly higher in both groups after treatment compared with those before treatment (P 0.05), and were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P 0.05). After treatment, the observation group had significantly higher scores in executive, nomination, attention, language, and delayed recall compared with the control group (P 0.05).Transcranial ultrasound stimulation combined with conventional cognitive rehabilitation therapy improved the PSCI condition with better efficacy than conventional cognitive rehabilitation therapy only. The mechanism involved may be correlated with the upregulation of BDNF and P300 induced by TUS.

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between microecology of sediments and water as well as their spatial-temporal variations in Changshou Lake. The results demonstrated that microecology in the lake exhibits spatiotemporal heterogeneity, and microbial diversity of sediments was significantly higher than that of water body. Further, it was found that there was statistically insignificant positive correlation between microecology of sediments and that of water body. PCoA and community structure analysis revealed that the predominant phyla which exhibited significant spatial differences in sediments were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes. While, the distribution of dominant bacteria Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia in water body showed significant seasonal differences. Microbial networks analysis indicated that there was a cooperative symbiotic relationship between lake microbial communities. Notably, the same bacterial genus had no significant positive correlation in sediment and water, which suggested that bacteria transport between sediment-water interface does not influence the microecological functions of lake water.

One of the biggest challenges of applying heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacteria to treat high salt organic wastewater lies in the inhibitory effect exerted by salinity. To study the inhibition effect and underlying mechanism induced by different ion types and ion composition, the individual and combined effects of NaCl, KCl and Na

In this paper we prove the existence of nontrivial ground state solution for a nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation coupled with Born–Infeld theory in $\mathbb{R}^{2}$ involving unbounded or decaying radial potentials. The approach involves variational methods combined with a Trudinger–Moser type inequality and a symmetric criticality type result.

In this paper, we study the following Klein–Gordon–Maxwell system − Δ u + ( λ a ( x ) + 1 ) u − ( 2 ω + ϕ ) ϕ u = f ( x , u ) , in R 3 , − Δ ϕ = − ( ω + ϕ ) u 2 , in R 3 . Using variational methods, we obtain the existence of ground state solutions under some appropriate assumptions on a and f .

We study elliptic equations with logarithmic nonlinearity. With the help of the constraint variational method, quantitative deformation lemma and some new energy inequalities, we establish the existence of ground state solutions and ground state sign-changing solutions with precisely two nodal domains. Our result complements the existing ones on Schrodinger problems since the logarithmic nonlinearity is sign-changing, and satisfies neither the monotonicity condition nor Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition.

By combining variational methods and a Trudinger-Moser-type inequality with weights, we investigate the existence of radial standing waves for a modified Schrodinger equation coupled with the Chern-Simons gauge theory.

To observe the effect of electronic moxibustion on memory function in the patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).A total of 59 aMCI patients were randomized into an electronic moxibustion group (30 cases) and a placebo moxibustion group (29 cases). In the electronic moxibustion group, the electronic moxibustion was applied to Baihui (GV 20), Dazhui (GV 14), Mingmen (GV 4) and Taixi (KI 3), 45 ℃ in temperature, 20 min each time. The treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week. The treatment for 4 weeks was as one course and 2 courses were required totally. In the placebo moxibustion group, the moxa-free patch was used, 38 ℃ in temperature. The acupoint selection and the treatment frequency were same as the electronic moxibustion group. Before and after treatment, Rivermead behavior memory test (RBMT) was adopted to evaluate the global memory function of the patients in the two groups and the N-back task test was adopted to evaluate working memory function separately. Additionally, the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and its immediate memory, Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and its delay recall were adopted to evaluate the global cognitive function and memory functionIn the electronic moxibustion group, after treatment, RBMT score, N-back accuracy rates, MMSE and MoCA scores and the scores of immediate memory and delay recall were improved significantly as compared with those before treatment (Electronic moxibustion improves memory function in the patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

In this paper, we prove the existence of multiple solutions for the following Klein–Gordon equation with concave and convex nonlinearities coupled with Born–Infeld theory { − Δ u + a ( x ) u − ( 2 ω + ϕ ) ϕ u = λ k ( x ) | u | q − 2 u + g ( x ) | u | p − 2 u , x ∈ R 3 , Δ ϕ + β Δ 4 ϕ = 4 π ( ω + ϕ ) u 2 , x ∈ R 3 , where 1 q 2 p 6 . Under appropriate assumptions on a , k , g and λ , the existence of multiple nontrivial solutions is proved by using the Ekeland’s variational principle and the Mountain Pass Theorem in critical point theory.

In this paper, we obtained the existence of infinitely many large energy solutions for the Schrodinger–Poisson system with concave and convex nonlinearities by using Z 2 − Mountain Pass Theorem in critical point theory. Some recent results from the literature are sharply improved and extended.

We study the following Kirchhoff type problem: \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{ccc} -\left(a+b\int_{\Omega}|\nabla u|^2dx \right) \Delta u=f(x,u), &\mbox{in} \ \ \Omega, \\ u=0, &\text{on} \ \partial \Omega. \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} Note that $F(x,t)=\int_0^1 f(x,s)ds$ is the primitive function of $f$. In the first result, we prove the existence of solutions by applying the $G-$Linking Theorem when the quotient $\frac{4F(x,t)}{bt^4}$ stays between $\mu_k$ and $\mu_{k+1}$ allowing for resonance with $\mu_{k+1}$ at infinity. In the second result, for the case that the quotient $\frac{4F(x,t)}{bt^4}$ stays between $\mu_1$ and $\mu'_{2}$ allowing for resonance with $\mu'_{2}$ at infinity, we find a nontrivial solution by using the classical Linking Theorem and argument of the characterization of $\mu'_2$. Meanwhile, similar results are obtained for degenerate problem.

In this paper, we consider the higher-order Wong–Zakai approximations of the non-autonomous stochastic reaction–diffusion equation driven by additive/multiplicative white noises. The solutions between the approximation equation and stochastic reaction–diffusion equation are compared in higher-order spaces, in terms of the initial data. Based on these results and the known L 2 -upper semi-continuity, we prove that the random attractor of the approximation random system converges to that of the non-autonomous stochastic reaction–diffusion equation with additive/multiplicative white noises in L p ( R N ) ∩ H 1 ( R N ) when the size of the approximation shrinks to zero.

In this paper we study the following nonhomogeneous Klein–Gordon–Maxwell equations { − △ u + V ( x ) u − ( 2 ω + ϕ ) ϕ u = f ( x , u ) + h ( x ) , in R 3 , − △ ϕ + ϕ u 2 = − ω u 2 , in R 3 . Under appropriate assumptions on V , f and h , the existence of multiple solutions is proved via Variational methods.

The incidence and the trend of gynaecological cancers have been suggested to vary by ethnicity and geographical regions. Whether the incidence and type of gynaecological cancers in China is different have not been fully investigated. In this study, we reported the trend of gynaecological cancers in China. Data on 13,518 women with gynaecological cancers were collected from the largest obstetrics and gynaecology hospital in China from 2003 to 2013. Data included age at diagnosis and the annual number of women with diagnosed endometrial, ovarian, cervical cancer and other gynaecological cancers. The number of women with diagnosed gynaecological cancers increased by almost sixfold in 2013 compared to that in 2003. It was largely due to the increase of women with newly diagnosed cervical cancer. The percentage of women with endometrial and ovarian cancer within total gynaecological cancers was decreased, whilst the percentage of cervical cancer significantly increased between 2003 and 2013. The mean age of women with endometrial or ovarian cancer at diagnosis was 53 or 48 years, respectively, which was no difference over 11 years. However, the mean age of women with cervical cancer at diagnosis was significantly delayed from 42 years in 2003 to 46 years since 2011. This was also confirmed by the age-specific distribution of gynaecological cancers over 11 years. Our study found that the age onset of endometrial and ovarian cancer has not changed over 11 years. But the age onset of cervical cancer is delayed since 2011 in China.

In this paper we study the following nonhomogeneous Kirchhoff equation − ( a + b ∫ R N | ∇ u | 2 d x ) Δ u + V ( x ) u = f ( x , u ) + h ( x ) , in R N , where f satisfies the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz type condition. Under appropriate assumptions on V , f and h , the existence of multiple solutions is proved by using the Ekeland’s variational principle and the Mountain Pass Theorem in critical point theory.

In this paper we prove the existence of multiple solutions for the following nonhomogeneous Klein–Gordon equation coupled with Born–Infeld theory, { − Δ u + [ m 2 − ( ω + ϕ ) 2 ] u = | u | q − 2 u + h ( x ) , in R 3 , Δ ϕ + β Δ 4 ϕ = 4 π ( ω + ϕ ) u 2 , in R 3 , when 2 q 6 .

In this paper we study the following nonhomogeneous Schrodinger–Maxwell equations $$\left\{\begin{array}{ll} {-\triangle u+V(x)u+ \phi u=f(x,u)+h(x),} \quad {\rm in}\,\,\,{\mathbf{R}}^3,\\ {-\triangle \phi=u^2, \qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\,\,\, {\rm in} \,\,{\mathbf{R}}^3,} \end{array} \right.$$ where f satisfies the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz type condition. Under appropriate assumptions on V, f and h, the existence of multiple solutions is proved by using the Ekeland’s variational principle and the Mountain Pass Theorem in critical point theory. Similar results for the nonhomogeneous Klein–Gordon–Maxwell equations $$\left\{\begin{array}{ll} {-\triangle u+[m^2-(\omega+\phi)^2]u=|u|^{q-2}u+h(x), \quad {\rm in} \,\,\,{\mathbf{R}}^3,}\\ {-\triangle \phi+ \phi u^2=-\omega u^2, \qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\,\,\, {\rm in} \,\,\,{\mathbf{R}}^3,} \end{array} \right.$$ are also obtained when 2

In this paper we study the existence of infinitely many large energy solutions for the superlinear Schrodinger–Maxwell equations { − Δ u + V ( x ) u + ϕ u = f ( x , u ) , in R 3 , − Δ ϕ = u 2 , in R 3 , via the Fountain Theorem in critical point theory.

Periodic solutions and infinitely distinct subharmonic solutions are obtained for a class of nonconvex and nonautonomous superquadratic Hamiltonian systems z = J H z (z,t) by using the minimax methods in critical point theory.

Noninvasive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques have opened a "window" into the brain, allowing us to investigate the anatomical and physiological function involving acupuncture needling. Imaging its sustained effect rather than acute effect on the brain networks may further help elucidate the mechanisms by which acupuncture achieves its therapeutic effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional brain networks during the post-resting state following acupuncture at KI3 in comparison with acupuncture at GB40.Needling at acupoints GB40 and KI3 was performed in twelve subjects. Six minutes of scanning at rest were adopted before and after acupuncture at different acupoints. Then we divided the whole brain into 39 regions and constructed functional brain networks during the post-acupuncture resting states (PARS).For direct comparisons, increased correlations during post-resting state following acupuncture at KI3 compared to resting state (RS) were primarily located between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and post temporal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and post temporal cortex. These brain regions were all cognitive-related functions. In contrast, the increased connections between the anterior insula and temporal cortex mainly emerged following acupuncture at GB40 compared with the RS.The present study demonstrates that acupuncture at different acupoints belonging to the same anatomic segment can exert different modulatory effects on the reorganizations of post-acupuncture RS networks. The heterogeneous modulation patterns between two conditions may relate to the functional specific modulatory effects of acupuncture.

To search for an effective therapy for the acute stage of peripheral facial paralysis.One hundred and twenty cases of facial paralysis patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 60 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with routine medication, and the observation group was treated with shallow needling combined with acupoint application using self-made "acupoint application formula for facial paralysis" on the basis of the routine medication. The acupoints of Yifeng (TE 17), Wangu (GB 12), Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6), Yangbai (GB 14), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Qianzheng (EX-HN 17), Cuanzhu (BL 2) in affected side and Hegu (LI 4) in healthy side were selected as main acupoints for shallow needling, and Qianzheng (EX-HN 17), Dicang (ST 4), Yangbai (GB 14) and Wangu (GB 12), or Jiache (ST 6), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Quanliao (SI 18) and Yifeng (TE 17) were selected for acupoint application. The cure rate and the course of cured patients in both groups were compared.The cure rate of 88.3% (53/60) in observation group was superior to that of 66.7% (40/60) in control group (P0.01). The course of cured patients in observation group was obviously shorter than that of control group (P0.01).On the basis of routine medication, shallow needling combined with acupoint application can improve the therapeutic effect and shorten the course for acute stage of peripheral facial paralysis.

To observe the influence of acupuncture of Shenmen (HT 7) and Yanglao (SI 6) on neuro-images in different cerebral regions in volunteer subjects.Twelve healthy young volunteer participants were enrolled in this research. fMRI scans were taken in random order in a block design (one for baseline and two for acupuncture stimulations). During stimulation phase, an acupuncture needle inserted in right HT7 or S16 was twirled at an angle of 180 degrees and a frequency of about 1.5 Hz for 35. 6 ms. Main parameters for fMRI were TR/TE/FA = 3560 ms/50 ms/90 degrees. Acupuncture sensations were evaluated by means of visual analog scale (VAS). The collected images were analyzed by using SPM 2 for exploring inter-group differences in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses.When manipulating the needle, both the operator and the subject had a feeling of Deqi. Increases in BOLD signal (group analysis, corrected, 0.05, Kor =10) were found mainly in right postcentral gyrus of frontal lobe (BA 2, BA 1, BA 43), left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47), secondarily, in the right inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44), left superior temporal gyrus (BA 22) and right insula (BA 40) after acupuncture at HT7; and chiefly in left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45, BA 46), secondarily in the left middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus (BA 37) as well as the left superior frontal gyrus (BA 10) after acupuncture of S16.Acupuncture of HT7 and SI6 elicite different BOLD responses in some related cerebral regions.

To compare therapeutic effects of the three phase acupuncture method and routine acupuncture method on periarthritis of shoulder.Randomized, controlled and single blind method was adopted and 70 cases were divided into a three phase acupuncture group and a routine acupuncture group, 35 cases in each group. Same acupoints were selected in the two groups and selection of acupoints, manipulation of the needle and motion in the three phase acupuncture group were conducted by stages.The effective rate was 97.15% in the three phase acupuncture group which was better than 87.10% in the routine acupuncture group (P0.05). After treatment, VAS scores decreased significantly in the two groups (P0.01), and there was a significant difference between the two groups in the difference of VAS after treatment (P0.01).The three phase acupuncture treatment was superior to the routine acupuncture therapy in therapeutic effect on periarthritis of shoulder.

To observe therapeutic effect of thread embedding therapy on chronic gastritis.Seventy cases of chronic gastritis were randomly divided into the treatment group (n = 36) treated by thread embedding therapy and the control group (n = 34) by acupuncture. Weishu (BL 21), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Zusanli (ST 36) were selected as main points. And plasma contents of cAMP, cGMP, gastrin and substance P were observed before and after treatment.The total effective rate was 88.89% in the treatment group and 76.47% in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P0.05); there were significant differences before and after treatment in plasma contents of cAMP, cGMP, gastrin and substance P in the two groups (P0.01), and the changes of these indexes in the treatment group were significantly superior to the control group (P0.05).Thread embedding therapy has a definite therapeutic effect on chronic gastritis and it can adjust nucleotides, gastrin and substance P to improve the functions of the nerve-endocrine-immunity network.

To study the optimum acupuncture treatment program and the mechanism for treatment of cerebral infarction.Sixty-three cases were randomly divided into 9 groups. The four factors, times of manipulation, the retaining time of the needle, acupuncture instrument and acupoints,and their corresponding three levels were adopted respectively in treatment of each group. Then nerve function defect score and insulin resistance were observed before and after treatment.The acupoints, the times of manipulation and the retaining time of the needle have significant effects on nerve function defect and insulin resistance (P0.01 or P0.05), and the acupuncture instrument has a significant effect on insulin resistance (P0.01). The choice of acupoints was the most important factor for acupuncture treatment of cerebral infarction.Acupuncture for regulating The Governor Vessel with twice manipulations and retaining the needle for 60 min is optimum treatment program for cerebral infarction. The good regulating effect of acupuncture on insulin resistance is one of the mechanisms of achieving the therapeutic results.

To search for the best program increasing clinical therapeutic effect on vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) and to study the mechanism.The patients were randomly divided into an acupuncture plus massage group, an acupuncture group and a massage group. Their therapeutic effects were observed and compared. And transcranial Doppler (TCD) was used for detection of systolic flow velocity (Vs), enddiastolic peak flow velocity (Vd), mean peak flow (Vm) and pulsatility index (PI) before and after treatment.The cured rate and the total effective rate in the acupuncture plus massage group were significantly higher than the acupuncture group and the massage group (P0.05). And there were significant differences in Vm, PI and DI in the left vertebral artery (LVA), the right vertebral artery (RVA) and the basilar artery (BA) before and after treatment (P0.01).Acupuncture combined with massage can improve Vm, PI, DI of VA-BA and the clinical therapeutic effect on VBI as well. It is superior to the simple acupuncture therapy and simple massage therapy. At present, it is one of the best therapy for VBI.

The traditional way of filling out the Joint College Entrance Examination (JCEE) priorities is done manually in Taiwan. Top 80 priorities are to be filled out on the priority card using 2B pencils. What happens is that it is easy to misfill the card with wrong priorities or the card could even be messed up such that the card reader cannot identify the answers. Thus, not only does the process become more complicated, but also mistakes could easily take place. It is becoming more and more popular for businesses to computerise many of their operations, such as the network tax reporting system, the online signing up for the recommendation of entering schools, etc., and replace the traditional complicated manual job. In this paper, we propose a method of computerised dispatch operation to replace the traditional half-computerised process for filling out the priorities in the entrance examination. More accuracy was achieved and the whole process became easier. In addition, it was convenient for all candidates.

Background Ectopic pregnancies, miscarriages and hydatidiform moles are the major types of pathological pregnancies in the early gestations of pregnancy and constitute an important public health problem. The trends and incidences of these pathological pregnancies may vary by ethnicity and geographical regions. This has not been fully investigated in the Chinese population. In this study we retrospectively report the trends of pathological pregnancies in Chinese population. Methods Data on 22,511 women with ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole and miscarriage were collected from the largest obstetrics and gynaecology hospital in China from 2003 to 2013. Data included age at diagnosis and the annual number of women with diagnosed ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole and miscarriage. Results The total number of ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole and miscarriage was increased 3.5folds in 2013 compared to 2003. Ectopic pregnancy is the leading pathological pregnancy and miscarriage is increasing at a greater rate among the pathological pregnancies. The median age of women with hydatidiform mole at diagnosis significantly increased from 25.5 years to 29 years (p = 0.002), however the median age for other pathological pregnancies was not different between 2003 and 2013. The number of women with hydatidiform mole at diagnosis who were over 40 years old has increased. The mean maternal age is increased from 28.1 years old in 2003 to 29.4 years old in 2013 in this hospital. Conclusion We speculate that the increased maternal age may contribute to the increase in these pathological pregnancies between 2003 and 2013 in China.