143 results on '"Shankar, Gautam"'
Search Results
2. Author Correction: A spatial architecture-embedding HLA signature to predict clinical response to immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma
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Kinget, Lisa, Naulaerts, Stefan, Govaerts, Jannes, Vanmeerbeek, Isaure, Sprooten, Jenny, Laureano, Raquel S., Dubroja, Nikolina, Shankar, Gautam, Bosisio, Francesca M., Roussel, Eduard, Verbiest, Annelies, Finotello, Francesca, Ausserhofer, Markus, Lambrechts, Diether, Boeckx, Bram, Wozniak, Agnieszka, Boon, Louis, Kerkhofs, Johan, Zucman-Rossi, Jessica, Albersen, Maarten, Baldewijns, Marcella, Beuselinck, Benoit, and Garg, Abhishek D.
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- 2024
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3. Multi-omics in nasal epithelium reveals three axes of dysregulation for asthma risk in the African Diaspora populations
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Szczesny, Brooke, Boorgula, Meher Preethi, Chavan, Sameer, Campbell, Monica, Johnson, Randi K., Kammers, Kai, Thompson, Emma E., Cox, Madison S., Shankar, Gautam, Cox, Corey, Morin, Andréanne, Lorizio, Wendy, Daya, Michelle, Kelada, Samir N. P., Beaty, Terri H., Doumatey, Ayo P., Cruz, Alvaro A., Watson, Harold, Naureckas, Edward T., Giles, B. Louise, Arinola, Ganiyu A., Sogaolu, Olumide, Falade, Adegoke G., Hansel, Nadia N., Yang, Ivana V., Olopade, Christopher O., Rotimi, Charles N., Landis, R. Clive, Figueiredo, Camila A., Altman, Matthew C., Kenny, Eimear, Ruczinski, Ingo, Liu, Andrew H., Ober, Carole, Taub, Margaret A., Barnes, Kathleen C., and Mathias, Rasika A.
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- 2024
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4. A randomized parallel-group study to evaluate the efficacy of Virechana Therapy to augment the effectiveness of Bakuchi Compound and Khadira Kwatha in Shwitra
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Ashis Das, Rashmi Mutha, H M L. Meena, Shankar Gautam, and Sunita Rawat
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bakuchi compound ,khadira kwatha ,shwitra ,vitiligo ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 - Abstract
Introduction: Vitiligo is nowadays a common hypopigmented skin disorder. Depending on clinical features, vitiligo can be correlated with Shwitra in Ayurveda. The present study evaluates the efficacy of the Virechana therapy to augment the effectiveness of the Bakuchi compound and Khadira Kwatha in Shwitra. Methods: The current study included thirty clinically diagnosed Shwitra patients who were randomly divided into two groups (Group A and Group B) by simple random method with 15 patients in each group. Thirteen patients in Group A and 15 patients in Group B had completed the study. The duration of the trial was 60 days. The assessment was done on the 1st, 30th, and 60th days. Results: The results revealed that intervention in Group A and B showed insignificant results in Rukshata, Daha, and Romparidhwamsi, while, respectively, significant and highly significant in Kandu. There was a highly significant result (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 for Groups A and B, respectively) for the patches' size and the skin color. During intergroup comparison, the mean difference along with standard deviation (MSD) for size of patches in Group A was 3.76 ± 4.17 and in Group B was 14.26 ± 9.43, showing the highly significant result. Likewise, MSD for the color of skin in group A was 0.76 ± 3.77 and in Group B was 1.53 ± 6.85, showing the intergroup comparison as significant. Conclusion: “Bakuchi Compound” and “Khadira Kwatha” are safe and free from adverse effects in the management of Shwitra. The Virechana Chikitsa augments the effectiveness of this treatment.
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- 2024
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5. An autophagy program that promotes T cell egress from the lymph node controls responses to immune checkpoint blockade
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Houbaert, Diede, Nikolakopoulos, Apostolos Panagiotis, Jacobs, Kathryn A., Meçe, Odeta, Roels, Jana, Shankar, Gautam, Agrawal, Madhur, More, Sanket, Ganne, Maarten, Rillaerts, Kristine, Boon, Louis, Swoboda, Magdalena, Nobis, Max, Mourao, Larissa, Bosisio, Francesca, Vandamme, Niels, Bergers, Gabriele, Scheele, Colinda L.G.J., and Agostinis, Patrizia
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- 2024
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6. HLA-associated outcomes in peanut oral immunotherapy trials identify mechanistic and clinical determinants of therapeutic success.
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Kanchan, Kanika, Shankar, Gautam, Huffaker, Michelle F, Bahnson, Henry T, Chinthrajah, R Sharon, Sanda, Srinath, Manohar, Monali, Ling, Hua, Paschall, Justin E, Toit, George Du, Ruczinski, Ingo, Togias, Alkis, Lack, Gideon, Nadeau, Kari C, Jones, Stacie M, Nepom, Gerald T, and Mathias, Rasika A
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Humans ,Peanut Hypersensitivity ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunologic Factors ,Immunotherapy ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Middle Aged ,Child ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,Young Adult ,Arachis ,HLA ,desensitization ,oral immunotherapy ,peanut allergy ,remission ,tolerance ,Clinical Research ,Genetics ,Prevention ,Human Genome ,Good Health and Well Being ,Immunology ,Medical Microbiology - Abstract
RationalePrevious studies identified an interaction between HLA and oral peanut exposure. HLA-DQA1*01:02 had a protective role with the induction of Ara h 2 epitope-specific IgG4 associated with peanut consumption during the LEAP clinical trial for prevention of peanut allergy, while it was a risk allele for peanut allergy in the peanut avoidance group. We have now evaluated this gene-environment interaction in two subsequent peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) trials - IMPACT and POISED - to better understand the potential for the HLA-DQA1*01:02 allele as an indicator of higher likelihood of desensitization, sustained unresponsiveness, and peanut allergy remission.MethodsWe determined HLA-DQA1*01:02 carrier status using genome sequencing from POISED (N=118, age: 7-55yr) and IMPACT (N=126, age: 12-
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- 2022
7. Whole genome sequencing identifies novel genetic mutations in patients with eczema herpeticum
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Bin, Lianghua, Malley, Claire, Taylor, Patricia, Boorgula, Meher Preethi, Chavan, Sameer, Daya, Michelle, Mathias, Malaika, Shankar, Gautam, Rafaels, Nicholas, Vergara, Candelaria, Potee, Joseph, Campbell, Monica, Hanifin, Jon M, Simpson, Eric, Schneider, Lynda C, Gallo, Richard L, Hata, Tissa, Paller, Amy S, De Benedetto, Anna, Beck, Lisa A, Ong, Peck Y, Guttman‐Yassky, Emma, Richers, Brittany, Baraghoshi, David, Ruczinski, Ingo, Barnes, Kathleen C, Leung, Donald YM, and Mathias, Rasika A
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Genetics ,Biotechnology ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Human Genome ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Skin ,Dermatitis ,Atopic ,Glutathione Transferase ,Herpesvirus 1 ,Human ,Humans ,Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption ,Mutation ,Nucleotide Transport Proteins ,Whole Genome Sequencing ,atopic dermatitis ,eczema herpeticum ,genetics ,herpes simplex virus ,SIDT2 ,whole genome sequencing ,SIDT2 ,Immunology ,Allergy - Abstract
BackgroundEczema herpeticum (EH) is a rare complication of atopic dermatitis (AD) caused by disseminated herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. The role of rare and/or deleterious genetic variants in disease etiology is largely unknown. This study aimed to identify genes that harbor damaging genetic variants associated with HSV infection in AD with a history of recurrent eczema herpeticum (ADEH+).MethodsWhole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 49 recurrent ADEH+ (≥3 EH episodes), 491 AD without a history of eczema herpeticum (ADEH-) and 237 non-atopic control (NA) subjects. Variants were annotated, and a gene-based approach (SKAT-O) was used to identify genes harboring damaging genetic variants associated with ADEH+. Genes identified through WGS were studied for effects on HSV responses and keratinocyte differentiation.ResultsEight genes were identified in the comparison of recurrent ADEH+to ADEH-and NA subjects: SIDT2, CLEC7A, GSTZ1, TPSG1, SP110, RBBP8NL, TRIM15, and FRMD3. Silencing SIDT2 and RBBP8NL in normal human primary keratinocytes (NHPKs) led to significantly increased HSV-1 replication. SIDT2-silenced NHPKs had decreased gene expression of IFNk and IL1b in response to HSV-1 infection. RBBP8NL-silenced NHPKs had decreased gene expression of IFNk, but increased IL1b. Additionally, silencing SIDT2 and RBBP8NL also inhibited gene expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers keratin 10 (KRT10) and loricrin (LOR).ConclusionSIDT2 and RBBP8NL participate in keratinocyte's response to HSV-1 infection. SIDT2 and RBBP8NL also regulate expression of keratinocyte differentiation genes of KRT10 and LOR.
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- 2021
8. AP-1 and TGFß cooperativity drives non-canonical Hedgehog signaling in resistant basal cell carcinoma.
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Yao, Catherine D, Haensel, Daniel, Gaddam, Sadhana, Patel, Tiffany, Atwood, Scott X, Sarin, Kavita Y, Whitson, Ramon J, McKellar, Siegen, Shankar, Gautam, Aasi, Sumaira, Rieger, Kerri, and Oro, Anthony E
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Hair Follicle ,Cell Line ,Tumor ,NIH 3T3 Cells ,Extracellular Matrix ,Cell Nucleus ,Chromatin ,Animals ,Mice ,Inbred C57BL ,Humans ,Mice ,Carcinoma ,Basal Cell ,Skin Neoplasms ,Transforming Growth Factor beta ,Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ,Trans-Activators ,Neoplasm Proteins ,Transcription Factor AP-1 ,DNA ,Neoplasm ,Signal Transduction ,Up-Regulation ,Protein Binding ,Drug Resistance ,Neoplasm ,Smad3 Protein ,Hedgehog Proteins ,Gene Ontology ,Carcinoma ,Basal Cell ,Cell Line ,Tumor ,DNA ,Neoplasm ,Drug Resistance ,Inbred C57BL - Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity and lack of knowledge about resistant cell states remain a barrier to targeted cancer therapies. Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) depend on Hedgehog (Hh)/Gli signaling, but can develop mechanisms of Smoothened (SMO) inhibitor resistance. We previously identified a nuclear myocardin-related transcription factor (nMRTF) resistance pathway that amplifies noncanonical Gli1 activity, but characteristics and drivers of the nMRTF cell state remain unknown. Here, we use single cell RNA-sequencing of patient tumors to identify three prognostic surface markers (LYPD3, TACSTD2, and LY6D) which correlate with nMRTF and resistance to SMO inhibitors. The nMRTF cell state resembles transit-amplifying cells of the hair follicle matrix, with AP-1 and TGFß cooperativity driving nMRTF activation. JNK/AP-1 signaling commissions chromatin accessibility and Smad3 DNA binding leading to a transcriptional program of RhoGEFs that facilitate nMRTF activity. Importantly, small molecule AP-1 inhibitors selectively target LYPD3+/TACSTD2+/LY6D+ nMRTF human BCCs ex vivo, opening an avenue for improving combinatorial therapies.
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- 2020
9. PI3K/mTOR inhibition induces tumour microenvironment remodelling and sensitises pS6high uterine leiomyosarcoma to PD‐1 blockade
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De Wispelaere, Wout, primary, Annibali, Daniela, additional, Tuyaerts, Sandra, additional, Messiaen, Julie, additional, Antoranz, Asier, additional, Shankar, Gautam, additional, Dubroja, Nikolina, additional, Herreros‐Pomares, Alejandro, additional, Baiden‐Amissah, Regina E. M., additional, Orban, Marie‐Pauline, additional, Delfini, Marcello, additional, Berardi, Emanuele, additional, Van Brussel, Thomas, additional, Schepers, Rogier, additional, Philips, Gino, additional, Boeckx, Bram, additional, Baietti, Maria Francesca, additional, Congedo, Luigi, additional, HoWangYin, Kiave Yune, additional, Bayon, Emilie, additional, Van Rompuy, Anne‐Sophie, additional, Leucci, Eleonora, additional, Tabruyn, Sebastien P., additional, Bosisio, Francesca, additional, Mazzone, Massimiliano, additional, Lambrechts, Diether, additional, and Amant, Frédéric, additional
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- 2024
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10. Loss of Primary Cilia Drives Switching from Hedgehog to Ras/MAPK Pathway in Resistant Basal Cell Carcinoma
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Kuonen, François, Huskey, Noelle E, Shankar, Gautam, Jaju, Prajakta, Whitson, Ramon J, Rieger, Kerri E, Atwood, Scott X, Sarin, Kavita Y, and Oro, Anthony E
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Rare Diseases ,Cancer ,Genetics ,Anilides ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome ,Carcinogenesis ,Carcinoma ,Basal Cell ,Cell Line ,Tumor ,Cilia ,Drug Resistance ,Neoplasm ,Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ,Hedgehog Proteins ,Humans ,Mutation ,Pyridines ,Signal Transduction ,Skin Neoplasms ,ras Proteins ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Dermatology & Venereal Diseases - Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) rely on Hedgehog (HH) pathway growth signal amplification by the microtubule-based organelle, the primary cilium. Despite naive tumor responsiveness to Smoothened inhibitors (Smoi), resistance in advanced tumors remains common. Although the resistant BCCs usually maintain HH pathway activation, squamous cell carcinomas with Ras/MAPK pathway activation also arise, and the molecular basis of tumor type and pathway selection are still obscure. Here, we identify the primary cilium as a critical determinant controlling tumor pathway switching. Strikingly, Smoothened inhibitor-resistant BCCs have an increased mutational load in ciliome genes, resulting in reduced primary cilia and HH pathway activation compared with naive or Gorlin syndrome patient BCCs. Gene set enrichment analysis of resistant BCCs with a low HH pathway signature showed increased Ras/MAPK pathway activation. Tissue analysis confirmed an inverse relationship between primary cilia presence and Ras/MAPK activation, and primary cilia removal in BCCs potentiated Ras/MAPK pathway activation. Moreover, activating Ras in HH-responsive cell lines conferred resistance to both canonical (vismodegib) and noncanonical (atypical protein kinase C and MRTF inhibitors) HH pathway inhibitors and conferred sensitivity to MAPK inhibitors. Our results provide insights into BCC treatment and identify the primary cilium as an important lineage gatekeeper, preventing HH-to-Ras/MAPK pathway switching.
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- 2019
11. Anti-mycobacterial activity of heat and pH stable high molecular weight protein(s) secreted by a bacterial laboratory contaminant
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Md. Sajid Hussain, Atul Vashist, Mahadevan Kumar, Neetu Kumra Taneja, Uma Shankar Gautam, Seema Dwivedi, Jaya Sivaswami Tyagi, and Rajesh Kumar Gupta
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Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Background Tuberculosis currently stands as the second leading cause of deaths worldwide due to single infectious agent after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The current challenges of drug resistance in tuberculosis highlight an urgent need to develop newer anti-mycobacterial compounds. In the present study, we report the serendipitous discovery of a bacterial laboratory contaminant (LC-1) exhibiting a zone of growth inhibition on an agar plate seeded with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results We utilized microbiological, biochemical and biophysical approaches to characterize LC-1 and anti-mycobacterial compound(s) in its secretome. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing and BIOLOG analysis, LC-1 was identified as Staphylococcus hominis, a human bacterial commensal. Anti-mycobacterial activity was initially found in 30 kDa retentate that was obtained by ultrafiltration of culture filtrate (CF). SDS-PAGE analysis of peak fractions obtained by size exclusion chromatography of 30 kDa retentate confirmed the presence of high molecular weight (≥ 30 kDa) proteins. Peak fraction-1 (F-1) exhibited inhibitory activity against M. bovis BCG, but not against M. smegmatis, E. coli and S. aureus. The active fraction F-1 was inactivated by treatment with Proteinase K and α-chymotrypsin. However, it retained its anti-mycobacterial activity over a wide range of heat and pH treatment. The anti-mycobacterial activity of F-1 was found to be maintained even after a long storage (~12 months) at − 20 °C. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the identified peptide masses do not match with any previously known bacteriocins. Conclusions The present study highlights the anti-mycobacterial activity of high molecular weight protein(s) present in culture filtrate of LC-1, which may be tested further to target M. tuberculosis. The heat and pH stability of these proteins add to their characteristics as therapeutic proteins and may contribute to their long shelf life. LC-1 being a human commensal can be tested in future for its potential as a probiotic to treat tuberculosis.
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- 2022
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12. Noncanonical hedgehog pathway activation through SRF–MKL1 promotes drug resistance in basal cell carcinomas
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Whitson, Ramon J, Lee, Alex, Urman, Nicole M, Mirza, Amar, Yao, Catherine Y, Brown, Alexander S, Li, Jiang R, Shankar, Gautam, Fry, Micah A, Atwood, Scott X, Lee, Eunice Y, Hollmig, S Tyler, Aasi, Sumaira Z, Sarin, Kavita Y, Scott, Matthew P, Epstein, Ervin H, Tang, Jean Y, and Oro, Anthony E
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Animals ,Carcinoma ,Basal Cell ,Cell Line ,Tumor ,Cell Proliferation ,Cell Survival ,Drug Resistance ,Neoplasm ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Neoplastic ,Hedgehog Proteins ,Humans ,Mice ,Multiprotein Complexes ,Serum Response Factor ,Signal Transduction ,Trans-Activators ,Transcriptional Activation ,Zinc Finger Protein GLI1 ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Immunology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
Hedgehog pathway-dependent cancers can escape Smoothened (SMO) inhibition through mutations in genes encoding canonical hedgehog pathway components; however, around 50% of drug-resistant basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) lack additional variants of these genes. Here we use multidimensional genomics analysis of human and mouse drug-resistant BCCs to identify a noncanonical hedgehog activation pathway driven by the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF). Active SRF along with its coactivator megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) binds DNA near hedgehog target genes and forms a previously unknown protein complex with the hedgehog transcription factor glioma-associated oncogene family zinc finger-1 (GLI1), causing amplification of GLI1 transcriptional activity. We show that cytoskeletal activation through Rho and the formin family member Diaphanous (mDia) is required for SRF-MKL-driven GLI1 activation and for tumor cell viability. Remarkably, nuclear MKL1 staining served as a biomarker in tumors from mice and human subjects to predict tumor responsiveness to MKL inhibitors, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway. Thus, our study illuminates, for the first time, cytoskeletal-activation-driven transcription as a personalized therapeutic target for combatting drug-resistant malignancies.
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- 2018
13. Management of folliculitis decalvans with ayurveda- A case report
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Shankar Gautam, Rashmi Mutha, Ajay Kumar Sahu, Arun Gautam, and Ram Kishor Joshi
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Alopecia ,Folliculitis decalvans ,Jalauka ,Krimi vikara ,Kustha ,Leech therapy ,Miscellaneous systems and treatments ,RZ409.7-999 - Abstract
Introduction: The superficial infection that involves the hair follicle with bogginess or induration of involved parts of the scalp along with pustules, erosions, crusts, ulcers, and scales resulting in hair fall is known as folliculitis decalvans (FD). This condition accounts for approximately 11% of all cases with primary cicatricial alopecia. Based on clinical features like Keshadhwansha (hair fall) with Harsha (hypersensitivity), Kandu (itching), Toda (pain), FD can be correlated with Raktaja Krimi Vikara (RKV). Observation and results: A 24 years' male patient with the chief complaint of patchy hair loss in the scalp region associated with scale formation, itching, and pain for 2 months. He had a history of pustules-like eruption over the frontal and parietal regions. He tried various topical and oral medications for 8 days but didn't get any sign of improvement and came to NIA hospital for Ayurveda treatment. Due to the signs like pustules over the scalp, hair loss with honey-colored crusting, scarring, mild itching, and pain; he was diagnosed with RKV ∼ FD. After treatment with Ayurveda medicine and leech therapy, complete remission of the scar, lesions, itching, pain, and hair loss was obtained, and there was new hair growth over the scalp with normal distribution. The patient was on follow-up for 33 months with no signs of itching, pain, and hair fall. Conclusion: Complete remission of FD was achieved by Ayurveda medicine along with Jalaukavacharana and it seems highly effective on the basis of remission period compared to contemporary treatment modalities. It is suggested to have further clinical studies with large samples to analyze its effectiveness.
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- 2022
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14. QUAL-IF-AI: Quality Control of Immunofluorescence Images using Artificial Intelligence
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Andhari, Madhavi Dipak, primary, Rinaldi, Giulia, additional, Nazari, Pouya, additional, Shankar, Gautam, additional, Dubroja, Nikolina, additional, Vets, Johanna, additional, Ostyn, Tessa, additional, Vanmechelen, Maxime, additional, Decraene, Brecht, additional, Arnould, Alexandre, additional, Mestdagh, Willem, additional, De Moor, Bart, additional, De Smet, Frederik, additional, Bosisio, Francesca, additional, and Antoranz, Asier, additional
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- 2024
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15. Spatial single-cell profiling of deeply matched extreme long-term surviving glioblastoma patients reveals a distinct immune and stem cell driven ecosystem
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Decraene, Brecht, primary, Antoranz, Asier, additional, Vanmechelen, Maxime, additional, Coppens, Grégoire, additional, Shankar, Gautam, additional, Spans, Lien, additional, Verbeke, Tatjana, additional, Solie, Lien, additional, Dubroja, Nikolina, additional, Nazari, Pouya, additional, Derweduwe, Marleen, additional, Sciot, Raf, additional, De Visser, Yanti, additional, Andhari, Madhavi, additional, Hecke, Manon Van, additional, Bempt, Isabelle Vanden, additional, Loon, Joannes van, additional, Agostinis, Patrizia, additional, Bamps, Sven, additional, Gijtenbeek, Anja, additional, Noens, Bonny, additional, Duerinck, Johnny, additional, De Mulder, Gert, additional, Weyns, Frank, additional, Broekman, Marike, additional, Govaere, Olivier, additional, Reuss, David E, additional, De Smet, Frederik, additional, and De Vleeschouwer, Steven, additional
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- 2024
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16. Sociodemographic profile and pattern of congenital heart disease in referred children at tertiary cardiac centre – An observational study
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Harikesh, Hridaya, primary, Sudha Reddy, V. R., additional, Anand, Shivaraja, additional, and Shankar, Gautam, additional
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- 2024
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17. PI3K/mTOR inhibition induces tumour microenvironment remodelling and sensitises pS6high uterine leiomyosarcoma to PD‐1 blockade.
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De Wispelaere, Wout, Annibali, Daniela, Tuyaerts, Sandra, Messiaen, Julie, Antoranz, Asier, Shankar, Gautam, Dubroja, Nikolina, Herreros‐Pomares, Alejandro, Baiden‐Amissah, Regina E. M., Orban, Marie‐Pauline, Delfini, Marcello, Berardi, Emanuele, Van Brussel, Thomas, Schepers, Rogier, Philips, Gino, Boeckx, Bram, Baietti, Maria Francesca, Congedo, Luigi, HoWangYin, Kiave Yune, and Bayon, Emilie
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TUMOR microenvironment ,T-cell exhaustion ,PROGRAMMED cell death 1 receptors ,LEIOMYOSARCOMA ,IMMUNE checkpoint proteins - Abstract
Background: Uterine leiomyosarcomas (uLMS) are aggressive tumours with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has proven effective in some 'challenging‐to‐treat' cancers, clinical trials showed that uLMS do not respond to ICB. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant PI3K/mTOR signalling can drive resistance to ICB. We therefore explored the relevance of the PI3K/mTOR pathway for ICB treatment in uLMS and explored pharmacological inhibition of this pathway to sensitise these tumours to ICB. Methods: We performed an integrated multiomics analysis based on TCGA data to explore the correlation between PI3K/mTOR dysregulation and immune infiltration in 101 LMS. We assessed response to PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in immunodeficient and humanized uLMS patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) by evaluating tumour microenvironment modulation using multiplex immunofluorescence. We explored response to single‐agent and a combination of PI3K/mTOR inhibitors with PD‐1 blockade in humanized uLMS PDXs. We mapped intratumoural dynamics using single‐cell RNA/TCR sequencing of serially collected biopsies. Results: PI3K/mTOR over‐activation (pS6high) associated with lymphocyte depletion and wound healing immune landscapes in (u)LMS, suggesting it contributes to immune evasion. In contrast, PI3K/mTOR inhibition induced profound tumour microenvironment remodelling in an ICB‐resistant humanized uLMS PDX model, fostering adaptive anti‐tumour immune responses. Indeed, PI3K/mTOR inhibition induced macrophage repolarisation towards an anti‐tumourigenic phenotype and increased antigen presentation on dendritic and tumour cells, but also promoted infiltration of PD‐1+ T cells displaying an exhausted phenotype. When combined with anti‐PD‐1, PI3K/mTOR inhibition led to partial or complete tumour responses, whereas no response to single‐agent anti‐PD‐1 was observed. Combination therapy reinvigorated exhausted T cells and induced clonal hyper‐expansion of a cytotoxic CD8+ T‐cell population supported by a CD4+ Th1 niche. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that aberrant PI3K/mTOR pathway activation contributes to immune escape in uLMS and provides a rationale for combining PI3K/mTOR inhibition with ICB for the treatment of this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Targeted dose delivery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice using silicon antifoaming agent via aerosol exposure system.
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Uma Shankar Gautam, Rosemarie Asrican, and Gregory D Sempowski
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an intracellular pathogen that forms aggregates (clumps) on solid agar plates and in liquid media. Detergents such as Tween 80/Tyloxapol are considered the gold standard to disrupt clump formation in Mtb cultures. The presence of detergent, however, may generate foam and hinder Mtb aerosolization thus requiring addition of an antifoam agent for optimal Mtb aerosol-based procedures. Aerosol inhalation can be technically challenging, in particular to achieve a reproducible inhaled target dose. In this study, the impact of an antifoam, the silicon antifoaming agent (SAF), on Mtb aerosolization and whole-body mouse aerosol infection was investigated. A comparative study using SAF in a liquid suspension containing Mycobacterium bovis BCG (M. bovis BCG) or Mtb H37Rv did not cause any adverse effect on bacterial viability. Incorporation of SAF during mycobacteria inhalation procedures revealed that aerosolized mycobacterial strains were maintained under controlled environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, pressure, and airflow inside the aerosol chamber. In addition, environmental factors and spray factors were not affected by the presence of SAF in mycobacterial cultures during aerosolization. Spray factor was significantly less during aerosol procedures with a low-input dose of mycobacteria in comparison to high-dose, as predicted. The mycobacterial load recovered in the biosampler (AGI) was ~2-3 logs lower than nebulizer or input bacterial load. A consistent Mtb bacillary load determined in mouse lungs indicates that SAF does not affect mycobacteria aerosolization during the aerosol generation process. These data confirmed that 1) SAF prevents formation of excessive foam during aerosolization, 2) SAF had no negative impact on mycobacterial viability within aerosol droplets, 3) Mtb droplets within aerosol-generated particles are well within the range required for reaching and depositing deep into lung tissue, and 4) SAF had no negative impact on achieving a target dose in mice exposed to Mtb aerosol.
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- 2022
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19. Immunity against COVID-19: Potential role of Ayush Kwath
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Shankar Gautam, Arun Gautam, Sahanshila Chhetri, and Urza Bhattarai
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Ayurveda ,COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Coronavirus ,Immunity ,Ayush ,Miscellaneous systems and treatments ,RZ409.7-999 - Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection associated respiratory disease- COVID-19 has evolved into a pandemic but, being a new form of virus, pathogenesis of disease causation is not fully understood and drugs and vaccines against this virus are still being tested so that no effective drugs or vaccines have been advised by regulatory authority. In this context, the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India has recommended ‘Ayush Kwath’ to improve the immunity and combat the infection. Our objective of this literature review is to review the role of immunity in pathogenesis of COVID-19 and role of Ayush Kwath against the virus and regulation of immunity. Current review was conducted using a search of available literature on COVID-19 and immunity, Vyadhikshamatwa, Ayurveda and COVID-19, Rasayana, Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, immunomodulatory effects of medicinal plants; Tulsi/Holy Basil/Ocimum sanctum, Dalchini/Cinnamon/Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Sunthi/Ginger/Zingiber officinale and Marich/Black Pepper/Piper nigrum. Ayurveda, being an ancient science have both medicinal and cultural values and had stimulated our kitchen and influenced what we ate in different seasons and the remedies we used for common ailments. Herbs such as Tulsi, Marich, Sunthi, Dalchini are the most commonly used and easily available drugs in home. Thus, Ayush Kwath due to its immune-modulatory, antiviral, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, anti-atherosclerotic, hepato-protective, reno-protective properties; seems to be effective in immuno-regulation for controlling viral infections like COVID-19. Further pre-clinical and clinical trials need to be done for the evaluation of safety and efficacy of this polyherbal formulation.
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- 2022
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20. Tumor endothelial cell autophagy is a key vascular‐immune checkpoint in melanoma
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Verhoeven, Jelle, primary, Jacobs, Kathryn A, additional, Rizzollo, Francesca, additional, Lodi, Francesca, additional, Hua, Yichao, additional, Poźniak, Joanna, additional, Narayanan Srinivasan, Adhithya, additional, Houbaert, Diede, additional, Shankar, Gautam, additional, More, Sanket, additional, Schaaf, Marco B, additional, Dubroja Lakic, Nikolina, additional, Ganne, Maarten, additional, Lamote, Jochen, additional, Van Weyenbergh, Johan, additional, Boon, Louis, additional, Bechter, Oliver, additional, Bosisio, Francesca, additional, Uchiyama, Yasuo, additional, Bertrand, Mathieu JM, additional, Marine, Jean Christophe, additional, Lambrechts, Diether, additional, Bergers, Gabriele, additional, Agrawal, Madhur, additional, and Agostinis, Patrizia, additional
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- 2023
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21. EXTH-64. ESTABLISHING A CLINICALLY RELEVANT MOUSE MODEL OF MESENCHYMAL GLIOBLASTOMA FOR STUDYING TME TARGETING TREATMENTS
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Connor, Kate, primary, White, Kieron, additional, Clerkin, James, additional, Shiels, Liam, additional, Sweeney, Kieron, additional, Van Brussel, Thomas, additional, Arijs, Ingrid, additional, Lambrechts, Diether, additional, Shankar, Gautam, additional, de Smet, Frederik, additional, Zopf, Dieter, additional, Maher, Stephen, additional, Marignol, Laure, additional, Dicker, Patrick, additional, Prehn, Jochen, additional, O'Brien, David, additional, and Byrne, Annette, additional
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- 2023
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22. Single‐cell profiling and zebrafish avatars reveal LGALS1 as immunomodulating target in glioblastoma
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Finotto, Lise, primary, Cole, Basiel, additional, Giese, Wolfgang, additional, Baumann, Elisabeth, additional, Claeys, Annelies, additional, Vanmechelen, Maxime, additional, Decraene, Brecht, additional, Derweduwe, Marleen, additional, Dubroja Lakic, Nikolina, additional, Shankar, Gautam, additional, Nagathihalli Kantharaju, Madhu, additional, Albrecht, Jan Philipp, additional, Geudens, Ilse, additional, Stanchi, Fabio, additional, Ligon, Keith L, additional, Boeckx, Bram, additional, Lambrechts, Diether, additional, Harrington, Kyle, additional, Van Den Bosch, Ludo, additional, De Vleeschouwer, Steven, additional, De Smet, Frederik, additional, and Gerhardt, Holger, additional
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- 2023
- Full Text
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23. Understanding COVID-19 in light of Ayurveda and exploring possible role of immune booster Kashaya in its management
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Ram Kishor Joshi, Deepika Gupta, Shankar Gautam, and Abhishek Upadhyay
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agantuja roga ,ayurveda ,complementary and alternative medicine ,coronavirus ,coronavirus disease 2019 ,immunomodulation in coronavirus disease ,sannipataj jwar ,vyadhikshamatva ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 - Abstract
Background: A new virus of corona family known as novel coronavirus causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also known severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). A good number of principles are found in the classical texts of Ayurveda, which can be compared with the concepts of SARS-CoV-2, and many herbal drugs written in the Ayurvedic text, through its immunomodulatory effect, may enhance host–defense mechanism against such diseases to decrease the mortality. Aim: Our objectives of this review are (i) to understand the concepts of SARS-CoV-2 in light of Ayurveda with their approximate delineation through theoretical analysis; (ii) to review the role of Immune Booster Kashaya Special (IBKS) in boosting and regulating immunity and in preventing complications; and (iii) to explore the effectiveness of each drug among scientific community to facilitate for their extensive research. Methodology: We also searched for relevant keywords in various texts of Ayurveda as well as on online databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, CrossRef, and Google Scholar to understand the concepts of SARS-CoV-2 in light of Ayurveda and to explore the possible role of 14 medicinal plants of “immune booster Kashaya” formulation. Result: We found that SARS-CoV-2 is symptomatically very much similar to Sannipataj Jwar as described in Ayurveda and the content of IBKS possesses antiviral, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antianxiety, and phagocytic properties. It seems to promote the body's immune mechanism against viral activity and to prevent complications such as inflammation-induced damage and cytokine storming in COVID-19. Conclusion: As there is a lack of an effective SARS-CoV-2 virus-specific medicine or vaccine, these immunomodulatory strategies may be implemented before or shortly after viral exposure and may be paired with antiviral therapies to improve antiviral immune responses by providing interferon-inducing agents or by nonspecific boosting of immunity with innate factors. Immune booster Kashaya should be gone through extensive in vivo and in vitro studies and clinical trials for further validation.
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- 2020
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24. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and its self-reported adverse events: a cross-sectional study from Western Nepal
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Arun Gautam, Nixon Dangol, Urza Bhattarai, Sandesh Paudel, Bipin Poudel, Shankar Gautam, Prabhat Sharma, Surendra Uranw, and Sanjib K Sharma
- Subjects
Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
# Background There are various COVID-19 vaccines launched in different parts of the world. As the vaccination drive is increasing, the reports of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are increasingly reported. Therefore, this research aims to document the adverse events and their determinants following COVID-19 vaccination. # Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a primary healthcare setting of Western Nepal. Those individuals who took the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in the health care center (N=425) were eligible for the study. The details to contact the study participants were obtained from the vaccination center. Patients were contacted via phone calls by investigators. Information on demographic details, comorbidities and experiences of any sort of adverse events following vaccination was collected using pre-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was done to describe the categorical variables in frequency and percentage whereas mean, median, standard deviation and interquartile range were calculated for quantitative variables. Binary logistic regression was carried out to explore the potential determinants of AEFI. # Results A total of 302 (71.05%) people were randomly selected from 425 targeted people for vaccination at the primary health care center. A total of 276 (91.3%) people vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine responded to telephone call. Mean age of participants was 33.63 (± 11.14) years and majority of them were males (54.74%). 91.6% of participants developed some form of AEFI. Among them, 46.6% developed mild AEFI, and 53.4% developed moderate AEFI. Pain on the injection site, generalized weakness, fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, dizziness, and loss of appetite are found to be the “Very common” adverse events. Females tend to develop moderate AEFI than males (OR 2.369; 95% confidence interval, CI=1.398-4.014; *P*=0.001). Age did not seem to be the determinant of AEFI (OR 0.977; CI=0.954-1.002; *P*=0.067). # Conclusions Adverse events following COVID-19 immunization are common but not severe. The severity of AEFI is more in females compared to males. Age did not come out as a predictor for severity of AEFI. Post-vaccination counseling targeting women will improve the acceptance of the vaccine. We recommend further monitoring of AEFI in larger population.
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- 2021
25. Ayurvedic Management of Subclinical Hypothyroidism
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Shankar Gautam, Bharat C Padhar, and Ram Kishor Joshi
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Ayurveda ,Hypothyroidism ,Thyroid Diseasetu ,TSH ,Trikatu ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), is characterized by normal triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4) levels and an abnormal increase of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The prevalence of hypothyroidism in the developed world is about 4-5% and that of SCH is about 4-15% worldwide and it is increasing at an alarming rate. According to Ayurveda, poor function of Jatharagni and Dhatvagni (digestion and metabolism) produces Ama (advance glycation end products (AGEP) and toxic substances). Ama or AGEP interferes with the function of thyroid gland through interaction with thyroid receptors and causes malfunction of thyroid gland. A female patient of 30 years age, having complaints of weight gain, excessive appetite, fatigue, dry skin, irregular oligo-menorrhea, and constipation along with 21.25 μIU/ml TSH; diagnosed as case of SCH and treated with Trikatu Powder. The contents of Trikatu Powder like; dry ginger, long pepper, and black pepper have shown their beneficial effect on the thyroid gland, and thus are intended to improve thyroid gland function by preventing the development of AGEP and assisting with digestion and metabolism correction. In the present case study, serum TSH level had been reduced to 4.88 μIU/ml, and decreased weight by 8.5 kgs with improvement in all associated symptoms like excessive appetite, hair fall, constipation, dry skin, oligomenorrhea and fatigue with treatment of Trikatu Powder for 4 months. The outcomes suggest that Trikatu powder may be beneficial to reduce serum TSH level, weight and mitigate associated symptoms in patients of SCH.
- Published
- 2021
26. An autophagy program that promotes T cell egress from the lymph node controls responses to immune checkpoint blockade
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Houbaert, Diede, primary, Nikolakopoulos, Apostolos Panagiotis, additional, Mece, Odeta, additional, Jacobs, Kathryn, additional, Roels, Jana, additional, Shankar, Gautam, additional, Agrawal, Madhur, additional, More, Sanket, additional, Ganne, Maarten, additional, Rillaerts, Kristine, additional, Boon, Louis, additional, Swoboda, Magdalena, additional, Nobis, Max, additional, Mourao, Larissa, additional, Bosisio, Francesca Maria, additional, Vandamme, Niels, additional, Bergers, Gabriele, additional, Scheele, Colinda, additional, and Agostinis, Patrizia, additional
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- 2023
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27. HLA alleles and sustained peanut consumption promote IgG4 responses in subjects protected from peanut allergy
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Kanchan, Kanika, Grinek, Stepan, Bahnson, Henry T., Ruczinski, Ingo, Shankar, Gautam, Larson, David, Toit, George Du, Barnes, Kathleen C., Sampson, Hugh A., Suarez-Farinas, Mayte, Lack, Gideon, Nepom, Gerald T., Cerosaletti, Karen, and Mathias, Rasika A.
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HLA histocompatibility antigens -- Health aspects ,Immune response -- Genetic aspects ,Immunoglobulin G -- Health aspects ,Allelomorphism -- Health aspects ,Histocompatibility antigens -- Health aspects ,Peanut allergy -- Genetic aspects -- Prevention ,Health care industry - Abstract
We investigated the interplay between genetics and oral peanut protein exposure in the determination of the immunological response to peanut using the targeted intervention in the LEAP clinical trial. We identified an association between peanut-specific IgG4 and HLA-DQA1*01:02 that was only observed in the presence of sustained oral peanut protein exposure. The association between IgG4 and HLA-DQA1*01:02 was driven by IgG4 specific for the Ara h 2 component. Once peanut consumption ceased, the association between IgG4-specific Ara h 2 and HLA-DQA1*01:02 was attenuated. The association was validated by observing expanded IgG4-specific epitopes in people who carried HLA-DQA1*01:02. Notably, we confirmed the previously reported associations with HLA-DQA1*01:02 and peanut allergy risk in the absence of oral peanut protein exposure. Interaction between HLA and presence or absence of exposure to peanut in an allergen- and epitope-specific manner implicates a mechanism of antigen recognition that is fundamental to driving immune responses related to allergy risk or protection., Introduction The interplay between an individual's genetics and exposure to particular environmental or therapeutic modulators influences mechanisms of disease, prognosis, and treatment. Clinical trials of food allergy tolerance, in which [...]
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- 2022
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28. Retinoic acid and BMP4 cooperate with p63 to alter chromatin dynamics during surface epithelial commitment
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Pattison, Jillian M., Melo, Sandra P., Piekos, Samantha N., Torkelson, Jessica L., Bashkirova, Elizaveta, Mumbach, Maxwell R., Rajasingh, Charlotte, Zhen, Hanson Hui, Li, Lingjie, Liaw, Eric, Alber, Daniel, Rubin, Adam J., Shankar, Gautam, Bao, Xiaomin, Chang, Howard Y., Khavari, Paul A., and Oro, Anthony E.
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- 2018
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29. Author Reply to Peer Reviews of Single-cell profiling and zebrafish avatars reveal LGALS1 as immunomodulating target in glioblastoma
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Finotto, Lise, primary, Cole, Basiel, additional, Giese, Wolfgang, additional, Baumann, Elisabeth, additional, Claeys, Annelies, additional, Vanmechelen, Maxime, additional, Decraene, Brecht, additional, Derweduwe, Marleen, additional, Dubroja Lakic, Nikolina, additional, Shankar, Gautam, additional, Nagathihalli Kantharaju, Madhu, additional, Albrecht, Jan Philipp, additional, Geudens, Ilse, additional, Stanchi, Fabio, additional, Ligon, Keith L, additional, Boeckx, Bram, additional, Lambrechts, Diether, additional, Harrington, Kyle, additional, Van Den Bosch, Ludo, additional, De Vleeschouwer, Steven, additional, De Smet, Frederik, additional, and Gerhardt, Holger, additional
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- 2023
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30. Single-cell profiling and zebrafish avatars revealLGALS1as immunomodulating target in glioblastoma
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Finotto, Lise, primary, Cole, Basiel, additional, Giese, Wolfgang, additional, Baumann, Elisabeth, additional, Claeys, Annelies, additional, Vanmechelen, Maxime, additional, Decraene, Brecht, additional, Derweduwe, Marleen, additional, Lakic, Nikolina Dubroja, additional, Shankar, Gautam, additional, Kantharaju, Madhu Nagathihalli, additional, Albrecht, Jan Philipp, additional, Geudens, Ilse, additional, Stanchi, Fabio, additional, Ligon, Keith L., additional, Boeckx, Bram, additional, Lambrechts, Diether, additional, Harrington, Kyle, additional, Van Den Bosch, Ludo, additional, De Vleeschouwer, Steven, additional, De Smet, Frederik, additional, and Gerhardt, Holger, additional
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- 2023
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31. Epidermal differentiation complex genetic variation in atopic dermatitis and peanut allergy
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Huffaker, Michelle F., primary, Kanchan, Kanika, additional, Bahnson, Henry T., additional, Ruczinski, Ingo, additional, Shankar, Gautam, additional, Leung, Donald Y.M., additional, Baloh, Carolyn, additional, Du Toit, George, additional, Lack, Gideon, additional, Nepom, Gerald T., additional, and Mathias, Rasika A., additional
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- 2023
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32. The Howard University System Submission for the Shared Task in Language Identification in Spanish-English Codeswitching.
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Rouzbeh A. Shirvani, Mario Piergallini, Gauri Shankar Gautam, and Mohamed F. Chouikha
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- 2016
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33. Word-Level Language Identification and Predicting Codeswitching Points in Swahili-English Language Data.
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Mario Piergallini, Rouzbeh A. Shirvani, Gauri Shankar Gautam, and Mohamed F. Chouikha
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- 2016
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34. Toxicity of Imidacloprid on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes by MTT Assay and the Ameliorative Effect of Extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Gilloe) Extract
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Asha Khanna, Manoshi Mukherjee, Muskan Kachi, Daya Shankar Gautam, Mamta Gokhale, Varsha Aglawe, and Ambika Prajapti
- Subjects
General Computer Science - Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) is a widely used insecticide which has a specific affinity for insect neonicotinoid acetylcholine receptors. Like all insecticides which are used in excess it tends to bioaccumulate in the environment. So it was thought worthwhile to study its cytotoxicity to human peripheral blood lymphocytes in concentrations ranging from 1.5mM to 4mM after 2 hours and 18 hours exposure by MTT method. Trypan blue test was also used to determine the percentage of living cells. The ameliorative effect of an extract of the stem in water and ethanolic extract of leaves of Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers, was also studied. The viability of the lymphocytes showed a fall with increasing concentrations at an exposure of 2 hours. After 18 hours exposure to the IMI only, the viability showed a significant dose dependent drop. Trypan blue test for viability was also conducted. Addition of Tinospora extract raised the viability significantly at 2 hours of incubation. In fact this increase was greatest at 3.5mM and 4mM concentration of drug. The ameliorative effect was maximum at 2 hours. Addition of Tinospora leaf extract showed a significant increase in cell viability at 18 hours of incubation as compared to values obtained with only the drug. Thus a considerable loss of viability of lymphocytes was seen after exposure to the drug in the selected concentrations but herbal extracts seem to help to make the damage less marked. The cells showed a significant rise in viability when incubated with Tinospora leaf extract only, confirming its supportive action in cell proliferation. However, taking into account the evident fall in cell viability caused by exposure to the considerably dilute concentrations tested, caution is needed to prevent over exposure to the pesticide while spraying.
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- 2022
35. Cytotoxic Effect of Cypermethrin and Neem Extract on Human Lymphocytes
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Asha Khanna, Jyotsana Patel, Saurabh Pagare, Daya Shankar Gautam, and Vineeta Ratoniya
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Pharmacology ,food and beverages - Abstract
There is a need to increase our agricultural production of food grains and other crops to feed a continuously increasing population. To achieve this food security, use of insecticides/pesticides has become necessary. Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide used for control of pests of cereals, fruits, vegetables and cotton etc. but it has several toxic effects on human beings. Apart from being neurotoxic, it has harmful effects on lymphocytes also. Neem is also a potent insecticide of herbal and indigenous origin. In this investigation the cytotoxicity of cypermethrin (dissolved in DMSO) and aqueous extract of neem leaves to human lymphocytes was studied by MTT assay. It was found that after an exposure of two hours to LC50 concentration of cypermethrin viability of lymphocytes fell to 87.83%; however at lower concentration the viability fell further because of the increase in the DMSO concentration, proving the toxicity of DMSO. Treatment of lymphocytes with 45% of neem extract increased the viability by 196% but at lower concentrations lesser increase was noted due to the increase in concentration of PBS. Thus apart from being a safe insecticide neem extract can be used to promote viability and proliferation of cells of animal origin also.
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- 2022
36. Honey bee Royalactin unlocks conserved pluripotency pathway in mammals
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Wan, Derrick C., Morgan, Stefanie L., Spencley, Andrew L., Mariano, Natasha, Chang, Erin Y., Shankar, Gautam, Luo, Yunhai, Li, Ted H., Huh, Dana, Huynh, Star K., Garcia, Jasmine M., Dovey, Cole M., Lumb, Jennifer, Liu, Ling, Brown, Katharine V., Bermudez, Abel, Luong, Richard, Zeng, Hong, Mascetti, Victoria L., Pitteri, Sharon J., Wang, Jordon, Tu, Hua, Quarta, Marco, Sebastiano, Vittorio, Nusse, Roel, Rando, Thomas A., Carette, Jan E., Bazan, J. Fernando, and Wang, Kevin C.
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- 2018
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37. Omics-oriented research illustrated with the LEAP study and the OASIS bioinformatics tool
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Baloh, Carolyn H., primary, Kanchan, Kanika, additional, Shankar, Gautam, additional, Nepom, Gerald T., additional, Mathias, Rasika A., additional, and Perry, James A., additional
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- 2022
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38. HLA-associated outcomes in peanut oral immunotherapy trials identify mechanistic and clinical determinants of therapeutic success
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Kanchan, Kanika, primary, Shankar, Gautam, additional, Huffaker, Michelle F., additional, Bahnson, Henry T., additional, Chinthrajah, R Sharon, additional, Sanda, Srinath, additional, Manohar, Monali, additional, Ling, Hua, additional, Paschall, Justin E., additional, Toit, George Du, additional, Ruczinski, Ingo, additional, Togias, Alkis, additional, Lack, Gideon, additional, Nadeau, Kari C., additional, Jones, Stacie M., additional, Nepom, Gerald T., additional, and Mathias, Rasika A., additional
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- 2022
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39. Go Ark; an ameliorative bio-product (in vitro) on Phenyl induced cytotoxicity
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Daya Shankar Gautam, Saraswati Mishra, Prahlad Marskole, Nisha Tiwari, Anjali Kumari, Sakshi Dwivedi, and Kahkashan Naz
- Abstract
Phenyl (PHY) is one of the chemicals which are used as a disinfectant in the world due to its toxic potential. Cleaning workers are directly exposed to it in institutes, hospitals and houses. Cow urine/Go Ark (GA) has been proved as a bioenhancer in many studies. The present study dealt with the in vitro analysis of PHY induced cytotoxicity (CT) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and ameliorative potential of Distillate cow urine/Go Ark (DGA) and Fresh Go Ark (FGA) as GA is believed to be an elixir in Ayurved. MTT assay was used to study CT and Cell viability % on Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) in vitro. CT of PHY was found to be higher than that of DGA and FGA treated groups. This showed that when PHY induced cells were treated with DGA and FGA, they showed increase in the cell viability %. It was also found that FGA had more potential for enhancing cell viability % of HPBL than that of DGA. We suggest that GA can be used as an ameliorative agent on PHY induced CT. It can be explored by in vivo experiments further for its detoxification properties. Now a day, PHY is used in combination with GA for cleaning purposes as “Gonyl”, it may be safe for cleaning workers to use GA based disinfectants to diminish the CT induced due to PHY exposure at the time of cleaning.
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- 2021
40. A Pragmatic Plan for the Mental Health Consequences During Covid-19 Pandemic Through Ayurveda
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Shankar Gautam, Ram Kishor Joshi, Ajay Kumar Sahu, and Harshitha K.S
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Nursing ,Pandemic ,Plan (drawing) ,Psychology ,Mental health - Abstract
Introduction: Beyond infection, the COVID-19 pandemic has also affected individuals through associated mental illnesses like anxiety and stress and has caused a collateral damage. Ayurveda has described 3 main factors which are responsible for the occurrence of diseases, one of them is Prajnaparadha, which is stated as the main cause for all the mental illness. The threefold treatment principles of Daivavyapashraya, Yuktivyapashraya and Satvavajaya targeting the Ahara, Achara and Chesta is an ideal plan to deal with stress built up in this pandemic. Materials and methods: The Ayurvedic classical textbooks and the peer reviewed articles focusing mental health researches were reviewed. This plan involves the implementation of Daivavyapashraya, Yuktivyapashaya and Satvavajaya based on the exposure and exhibition of symptoms of COVID-19. Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is employed by Vishnusahasranama recitation/listening, Yuktivyapashraya Chikitsa is employed by the various drugs like Bramhi, Shankapushpi, Ashwagandha etc. and formulations which have psycho-neuro-immune-response, Satvavajaya Chikitsa by the process of counseling. Results and Discussion: The interdependent nature of immunity and psychological state is already well established and it decides the outcome of disorders. An immune response can be largely affected by mental well-being and mental illness can negatively affect its outcome. Conclusion: The three fold treatment plan centering the pshycho-neuro-immune action is a complete health promotive, preventive and curative plan and will certainly help in the revival of mental health in the times and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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- 2021
41. Innovative Bevel Gear-Based Rotary Steering-Torque Transmission System
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Ravi Shankar Gautam
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- 2022
42. A RANDOMIZED COMPARATIVE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF HARIDRADI LEHA AND VASADI KASHAYA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TAMAKA SHWASA (BRONCHIAL ASTHMA)
- Author
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Ajay Kumar Sahu, Rashmi Mutha, Ram Kishor Joshi, Jai Singh, and Shankar Gautam
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Pharmaceutical Science ,medicine.disease ,business ,Clinical evaluation ,Asthma - Abstract
Tamaka Shwasa in Ayurveda is analogous to Bronchial Asthma due to similarity in causative and precipitating factors, onset, pathogenesis and symptoms. An estimated 300 million people worldwide suffer from asthma, with 250,000 annual deaths attributed to the disease. The Objective is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Haridradi Leha with and without Vasadi Kashaya in the management of Tamaka Shwasa. Total 30 patients were registered for the present study. The patients of group A were administered Haridradi Leha in a dose of 20 grams BD (Bis in die i.e., twice daily) in empty stomach orally with lukewarm water for 21 days. The patients of group B were administered Haridradi Leha (20 grams BD) and Vasadi Kashaya (50 ml BD) with Anupana (co-administers with medicine) of honey orally for 21 days. There are highly significant results (p value: p
- Published
- 2021
43. Potential Role of Darvyadi Kwatha in the Management of Diabetes
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Shankar Gautam, Abhishek Upadhyay, Rashmi Mutha, Ram Kishor Joshi, and Binod Kumar Singh
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biology ,business.industry ,Glucokinase ,Cholesterol ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Glutathione reductase ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Superoxide dismutase ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Diabetes mellitus ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,Glucose homeostasis ,business ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Diabetes is a clinical condition characterized by a spike in blood glucose in plasma. It is one of the 21st century's greatest public health crises and is among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Although new drugs and therapeutics are emerging for its management but the prevalence is increasing at an alarming pace; thus, every system must contribute for effective management. An effort is made to review the efficacy and safety evaluation of the individual herbs of Darvyadi Kwatha (DK), an Ayurvedic formulation mentioned in Charaka Samhita. The constituents of the DK has some strong efficient antidiabetic/hypoglycaemic chemical principle having insulin-triggering and insulin-like behaviors which increases the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glucokinase and decreases glucose-6-phosphatase activity, reduce oxidative stress and prevention of glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity play a critical role in glucose homeostasis. DK also improve biochemical parameters such as SGPT, SGOT, cholesterol and triglycerides and is found to be safe in animal experiments. The various evidences clearly indicates that DK has definite hypoglycemic potential as well as anti-diabetic activity.
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- 2021
44. The Effectiveness of Taalishadi Churna Compared with Sitopaladi Churna in the Management of Kasa
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Shankar Gautam, Binod Kumar Singh, D.L. Bharkher, Sirjana Shrestha, Jitendra Shrestha, and Sabbu Thasineku
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Vata ,Traditional medicine ,biology ,business.industry ,medicine ,Bronchitis ,Common cold ,medicine.disease ,Blood parameters ,biology.organism_classification ,business ,Health statistics - Abstract
Introduction: Kasa is a Vata-kapha pradhana disease, caused due to Vata vimargagaman and Pranavaha shrotodusti. Due to the various similarities in its clinical presentation, Kasa can be correlated with cough (bronchitis). According to National center for health statistics, 62 million cases of common cold and cough occurs each year. Methodology: A total of 44 patients diagnosed as Kasa were randomly divided as per the lottery system of randomization. The patients of Group A were given 5 gram of Sitopaladi Churna twice a day for 30 days. The patients of Group B were given 5 gram of Taalishadi Churna twice a day for 30 days. The patients of both the groups were supposed to follow the dietary and behavioural advices. The response of the drug was assessed at pre-treatment and post-treatment time. Results: There was equal significant change in all of the Roga bala, Agni bala and Deha bala parameters by both Sitopaladi and Taalishadi Churna. It was revealed that all other blood parameters except Hb, TLC and Neutrophil count used in the study were not significant in both the groups. Both drugs were found equally highly significant (p< 0.0001) in Sushka kasa and Swarabheda. Sitopaladi churna was more effective in relieving Hritparswashool (p=0.002) whereas Taalishadi churna is more effective in reducing Pitanisthivanam (p=0.007). In case of Nirghosh, Sitopaladi churna was more effective (p
- Published
- 2021
45. The Effectiveness of Goksuradi Guggulu and Varunadi Kwath with Goksuradi Guggulu in the Management of Mutrasmari w.s.r. to Urolithiasis
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Shankar Gautam, Binod Kumar Singh, Sabbu Thasineku, D.L. Bharkher, Raj Kishor Shah, and Sirjana Shrestha
- Subjects
Abdominal pain ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Randomization ,Urinary bladder ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Urination ,Urethra ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ureter ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Dysuria ,Abdomen ,medicine.symptom ,business ,media_common - Abstract
Introduction: Mutrasmari is considered as Astamahagada in Ayurveda in which there is formation of stone in the Mutravaha srota. It is an ancient disease with global distribution. The symptoms of Mutrasmari are excruciating pain in urethra, ureter, urinary bladder and over umbilical region, haematuria etc and later that may lead to emergence by the obstruction in urination. Hence on the basis of pathology and its clinical presentation the disease is correlated with Renal calculus or Urolithiasis in modern Urology. Methodology: 38 patients diagnosed as Mutrasmari were randomly divided in two groups as per the lottery system of randomization. The patients of Group A were given 1000mg Goksuradi guggulu twice a day for 45 days. The patients of Group B were given 1000 mg of Gokshuradi guggulu along with 45 ml of Varunadi kwatha twice a day for 45 days. The patients of both the groups were advised to follow the dietary regimen and lifestyle modification. The effect of the intervention was assessed before and after treatment. Result: The treatment outcomes were statically analyzed and found that both treatment groups were significant in relieving the symptoms like abdominal pain, burning micturition, dysuria and expulsion of renal culculi. 100% relief noted on Surudhir mutrata (Hematuria) where only single patient complaint had been registered as Hematuria in Group B. In case of Mutradaha (Burning micturation) there was mild improvement in group A and moderate improvement in group B. Similarly there was complete remission in Mahati vedana (Dysuria and Pain in abdomen) case in both Group A and Group B after the treatment. Conclusion: Gokshuradi guggulu along with Varunadi Kwatha shows more significant result than Gokshuradi guggulu.
- Published
- 2021
46. In vitro analysis of the effect of Go Ark on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
- Author
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Saraswati Mishra, Nisha Tiwari, Kahkashan Naz, Anjali Kumari, Daya Shankar Gautam, Prahlad Marskole, and Sakshi Dwivedi
- Subjects
In vitro analysis ,Traditional medicine ,Ancient time ,MTT assay ,Viability assay ,Urine ,Biology ,Cow urine ,Peripheral blood - Abstract
Cow is worshiped in India as “Gomata” since ancient time. Its values have been signified in Vedas, Puranas & Ayurveda. Its urine/Go Ark is used in rituals & medicines traditionally in India. The Significance of Cow Urine has been studied by many workers. Now it is available in the market as distillate. Hence this study was designed to assess the potential of Fresh Go Ark (FGA) and Distillate Go Ark (DGA) on Human Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in Vitro using MTT Assay. It was found that FGA & DGA both had the potential to enhance the cell viability of Human PBL. FGA showed greater potential towards the enhancement of cell viability on Human PBL than that of DGA. However the difference between the impacts of FGA & DGA was not found to be significant when tested through Two way ANOVA.
- Published
- 2020
47. Omics-oriented research illustrated with the LEAP study and the OASIS bioinformatics tool.
- Author
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Baloh, Carolyn H., Kanchan, Kanika, Shankar, Gautam, Nepom, Gerald T., Mathias, Rasika A., and Perry, James A.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Translating lessons learned on the role of HLA in immunological responses in LEAP to peanut OIT Trials: IMPACT and POISED
- Author
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Kanchan, Kanika, primary, Shankar, Gautam, additional, Huffaker, Michelle, additional, Bahnson, Henry, additional, Chinthrajah, R Sharon, additional, Sanda, Srinath, additional, Manohar, Monali, additional, Du Toit, George, additional, Ruczinski, Ingo, additional, Lack, Gideon, additional, Nadeau, Kari, additional, Jones, Stacie, additional, Nepom, Gerald, additional, and Mathias, Rasika, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Multiple FLG variants drive eczema severity in the LEAP study participants
- Author
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Huffaker, Michelle, primary, Kanchan, Kanika, additional, Bahnson, Henry, additional, Ruczinski, Ingo, additional, Shankar, Gautam, additional, Leung, Donald, additional, Baloh, Carolyn, additional, Du Toit, George, additional, Lack, Gideon, additional, Nepom, Gerald, additional, and Mathias, Rasika, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Sensitivity analysis of stress distribution in bicycle frame
- Author
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Ravi Shankar Gautam
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Mechanical equilibrium ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Frame (networking) ,02 engineering and technology ,Structural engineering ,Stress distribution ,law.invention ,Stress (mechanics) ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Reaction ,law ,Diamond cubic ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,business - Abstract
This paper presents sensitivity analysis of stress behaviour in the elements of bicycle frame having diamond structure with respect to design parameters. In order to achieve this goal stress on eac...
- Published
- 2020
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