Search

Increasing evidence indicates ATP1B3, one of the regulatory subunits of Na+/K+‐ATPase, is involved in numerous viral propagations, such as HIV and EV71. However, the function and mechanism of ATP1B3 on hepatitis B virus (HBV) propagation is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that ATP1B3 overexpression reduced the quantity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in supernatants of HBV expression plasmids cotransfected HepG2 cells. Correspondingly, small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA mediated ATP1B3 silencing promoted HBsAg and HBeAg expression in the supernatants of HBV expression plasmids transfected HepG2 cells. Mechanically, we reported that ATP1B3 expression could activate nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway by inducing the expression, phosphorylation, and nuclear import of P65 for the first time. And NF‐κB inhibitor (Bay11) impaired the restraint of ATP1B3 on HBV replication. This counteraction effect of Bay11 proved that ATP1B3‐induced NF‐κB activation was crucial for HBV restriction. Accordingly, we observed that anti‐HBV factors interferon‐α (IFN‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) production were increased in HepG2 cells after the NF‐κB activation. It suggested that ATP1B3 suppressed HBsAg and HBeAg by NF‐κB/IFN‐α and NF‐κB/IL‐6 axis. Further experiments proved that ATP1B3 overexpression induced anti‐HBV factor BST‐2 expression by NF‐κB/IFN‐α axis in HepG2 cells but not HEK293T cells, and ATP1B3 silencing downregulated BST‐2 messenger RNA level in HepG2 cells. As an HBV restriction factor, BST‐2 cooperated with ATP1B3 to antagonize HBsAg but not HBeAg in HepG2 cells. Our work identified ATP1B3 as a novel candidate of HBV restrictor with unrevealed mechanism and we highlighted it might serve as a potential therapeutic molecule for HBV infection., Highlight ATP1B3 suppressed HBV replication by NF‐κB/IFN‐α and NF‐κB/IL6 axis.ATP1B3 induced anti‐HBV factor BST‐2 expression by NF‐κB/IFN‐α axis.BST‐2 cooperated with ATP1B3 to antagonize HBsAg but not HBeAg expression in vitro.

Although the host restriction factor APOBEC3G (A3G) has broad spectrum antiviral activity, whether A3G inhibits enterovirus 71 (EV71) has been unclear until now. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that A3G could inhibit EV71 virus replication. Silencing A3G in H9 cells enhanced EV71 replication, and EV71 replication was lower in H9 cells expressing A3G than in Jurkat cells without A3G expression, indicating that the EV71 inhibition was A3G-specific. Further investigation revealed that A3G inhibited the 5′UTR activity of EV71 by competitively binding to the 5′UTR through its nucleic acid binding activity. This binding impaired the interaction between the 5′UTR and the host protein poly(C)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1), which is required for the synthesis of EV71 viral proteins and RNA. On the other hand, we found that EV71 overcame A3G suppression through its non-structural protein 2C, which induced A3G degradation through the autophagy–lysosome pathway. Our research provides new insights into the interplay mechanisms of A3G and single-stranded positive RNA viruses.

In this work, (Nb 0.25 Ta 0.25 Ti 0.25 Hf 0.25 )Si 2 high-entropy disilicide nanopowders were successfully fabricated via molten salt-assisted magnesium thermal reduction for the first time. The results showed that the as-obtained nanopowders possessed a single hexagonal structure (TaSi 2 -type) and consisted of numerous nanopowders with an average particle size of 55 nm . These nanopowders exhibited highly compositional uniformity at microscale , but shown the aggregation of Ti element at nanoscale. In addition, a typical template formation mechanism was proposed and analyzed in detailed. This work would provide a new way to synthesis of high-entropy disilicise powders for potential high-temperature harsh environment applications.

High-entropy nanomaterials have been arousing considerable interest in recent years due to their huge composition space, unique microstructure, and adjustable properties. Previous studies focused mainly on high-entropy nanoparticles, while other high-entropy nanomaterials were rarely reported. Herein, we reported a new class of high-entropy nanomaterials, namely (Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2W02Mo0.2)B2 high-entropy diboride (HEB-1) nanoflowers, for the first time. The formation possibility of HEB-1 was first theoretically analyzed from two aspects of lattice size difference and chemical reaction thermodynamics. We then successfully synthesized HEB-1 nanoflowers by a facile molten salt synthesis method at 1473 K. The as-synthesized HEB-1 nanoflowers showed an interesting chrysanthemum-like morphology assembled from numerous well-aligned nanorods with the diameters of 20-30 nm and lengths of 100-200 nm. Meanwhile, these nanorods possessed a single-crystalline hexagonal structure of metal diborides and highly compositional uniformity from nanoscale to microscale. In addition, the formation of the as-synthesized HEB-1 nanoflowers could be well interpreted by a classical surface-controlled crystal growth theory. This work not only enriches the categories of high-entropy nanomaterials but also opens up a new research field on the high-entropy diboride nanomaterials., 30 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

Cu-MOF with a hollow morphology was successfully synthesized by a novel and simple coordination transformation reaction of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ with benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) under ultrasound irradiation for the first time. Then, novel hollow porous CuO/C nanorods were prepared by calcining this Cu-MOF at low temperature (250 °C) in air. The morphology and electrochemical properties of the samples were markedly affected by the calcination temperature. As anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the hollow porous nanorod structure and the presence of carbon greatly enhanced the electrochemical performance of the CuO/C nanocomposite. The reversible specific capacity of CuO/C was 505 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 after 200 cycles, which is much higher than that of the CuO samples calcined at 300 °C and 350 °C (250.1 mA h g−1 and 192.3 mA h g−1, respectively) in air. The CuO/C nanocomposite also exhibited a more favorable rate capability than CuO. The superior electrochemical performance makes this nanocomposite a promising anode material for LIBs.

The HIV-1 reservoir is a major obstacle to complete eradication of the virus. Although many proteins and RNAs have been characterized as regulators in HIV-1/AIDS pathogenesis and latency, only a few long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be closely associated with HIV-1 replication and latency. In this study, we demonstrated that lncRNA uc002yug.2 plays a key role in HIV-1 replication and latency. uc002yug.2 potentially enhances HIV-1 replication, long terminal repeat (LTR) activity, and the activation of latent HIV-1 in both cell lines and CD4 + T cells from patients. Further investigation revealed that uc002yug.2 activates latent HIV-1 through downregulating RUNX1b and -1c and upregulating Tat protein expression. The accumulated evidence supports our model that the Tat protein has the key role in the uc002yug.2-mediated regulatory effect on HIV-1 reactivation. Moreover, uc002yug.2 showed an ability to activate HIV-1 similar to that of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate using latently infected cell models. These findings improve our understanding of lncRNA regulation of HIV-1 replication and latency, providing new insights into potential targeted therapeutic interventions. IMPORTANCE The latent viral reservoir is the primary obstacle to curing HIV-1 disease. To date, only a few lncRNAs, which play major roles in various biological processes, including viral infection, have been identified as regulators in HIV-1 latency. In this study, we demonstrated that lncRNA uc002yug.2 is important for both HIV-1 replication and activation of latent viruses. Moreover, uc002yug.2 was shown to activate latent HIV-1 through regulating alternative splicing of RUNX1 and increasing the expression of Tat protein. These findings highlight the potential merit of targeting lncRNA uc002yug.2 as an activating agent for latent HIV-1.

Via the configuration software WebAccess and road isolation analogue inputing card PCI - 1713, it can realize the monitoring of equipment's pressure and flow during the industrial production process and provide industrial production with automation control. This paper introduces the CNC machine static test system design of total solution; through monitoring node settings, achieve field data acquisition; complete industrial monitoring interface the functional design. Test results show that the CNC machine static test system based on WebAccess fits for industrial production automatic monitoring needs better.