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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:45:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-07 Introduction and Aim: Rubus steudneri Schweinf. and Rubus apetalus Poir. belonging to the family Rosaceae is one of the ethnomedicinal plants used widely in Ethiopia as food, for construction and as medicine. To the best of our knowledge, insecticidal activity of R. steudneri and R. apetalus has not been investigated so far. In this study, we report insecticidal efficacy of R. steudneri and R. apetalus in terms of larvicidal effect against II and III instar larvae of Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. Materials and Methods: The shade-dried and powdered leaves were extracted using methanol by maceration process. Insecticidal activity of leaf extract was determined by larvicidal assay against II and III instar larvae of Aedes and Culex species. LC50 and LC90 values were calculated. Results: The leaf extract of both Rubus species exhibited concentration dependent larvicidal effect. II instar larvae were shown to be highly susceptible than III instar larvae. Among leaf extracts, extract of R. steudneri exhibited marked insecticidal activity when compared to extract of R. apetalus as revealed by lower LC50 and LC90 values. Culex larvae displayed marked susceptibility to leaf extracts when compared to Aedes larvae. Conclusion: Marked larvicidal effect was observed against larvae of Culex species when compared to Aedes species as indicated by lower LC50 and LC90 values. It is evident that the leaf extracts of both Rubus contain insecticidal principles. Faculty of Medicine (FMB) São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Medical and Health Sciences Wollega University, PO Box: 395, Oromia Dept. of Microbiology S.R.N.M.N College of Applied Sciences, Balraj Urs Road Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer, Deralakatte Dept. of Studies and Research in Biochemistry Mangalore University Jnana Kaveri Post Graduate Centre Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu Faculty of Medicine (FMB) São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:19:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 Introduction and Aim: Rubus steudneri Schweinf. and Rubus apetalus Poir. are two of the three Rubus species that grow in Ethiopia belongs to the Rosaceae family consumed as food and used in traditional medicine. Studies of this species have been restricted to in vitro antioxidant studies. Keeping this into consideration, we determined physicochemical characteristics, anti-nutritional, anthocyanin, vitamin, and mineral contents of R. steudneri and R. apetalus leaves. Materials and Methods: Physicochemical characteristics such as moisture, pH, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and extractive values were determined. Anthocyanin content and anti-nutritional factors namely phytic acid and tannins were estimated. The content of vitamins namely vitamin C, thiamine, pyridoxine, niacin, and cyanocobalamin were also estimated using HPLC. Furthermore, major and minor elements including toxic heavy metals were determined using ICP-OES. Results: Total ash and acid-insoluble ash content were highest in R. steudneri and R. apetalus, respectively. The extractive values recorded were higher for methanol followed by aqueous, alcohol, and petroleum ether. R. apetalus contained more quantity of phytic acid, tannin and anthocyanin than R. steudneri. Both the plants contained vitamins namely niacin and pyridoxine, whereas thiamine, vitamin C, and cyanocobalamin were not detected. The content of calcium, potassium and magnesium were found to be highest among major elements. In case of minor elements, the content of iron, zinc, and copper were highest when compared to nickel. Furthermore, heavy metals like cadmium, mercury, and tin were not detected. Conclusion: Analytical data of this study showed that R. steudneri and R. apetalus leaves contain the sufficient amounts of nutrients, macronutrients, micronutrients, and vitamins that the body needs for its growth and functions that can be explored in the field of the nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical industry. Faculty of Medicine (FMB) São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Medical and Health Sciences Wollega University, PO Box: 395, Oromia Dept. of Pharmacology HSK College of Pharmacy BVVS Campus Dept. of Microbiology S.R.N.M.N College of Applied Sciences, Balraj Urs Road Dept. of Biotechnology NMAM Institute of Technology, Karkala Dept. of Studies and Research in Biochemistry Mangalore University Jnana Kaveri Post Graduate Centre, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu Faculty of Medicine (FMB) São Paulo State University (UNESP)