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Abstract Background Breast cancer poses a substantial health challenge for the world’s over-70 population. However, data on the impact and epidemiology of breast cancer in this age group are limited. We aimed to evaluate global, regional, and national breast cancer trends among those aged 70 and older between 1990 and 2021. Methods In this trend analysis based on the 2021 Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), we report on the incidence rates and Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) counts, as well as the incidence rates per 100,000 individuals and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) for breast cancer among individuals aged 70 and above at the global, regional, and national levels. We analyzed these global trends by age, sex, and socio-developmental index (SDI). Joinpoint regression elucidates pivotal trend shifts. Results From 1990 to 2021, the global incidence of breast cancer in the over-70 population modestly increased from 104 to 107 per 100,000, with significant trend changes in 1995, 2005, and 2018. Regionally, High-income North America had the highest incidence in 2021, while North Africa and the Middle East saw the steepest rise in incidence and DALYs. The only decrease was in the High SDI quintile. The 70–74 age group experienced the largest increase globally, with rates rising from 86.3 to 90 per 100,000 (AAPC 0.27). Conclusion From 1990 to 2021, global breast cancer incidence in the over-70 population saw a slight uptick, contrasted by a significant reduction in DALYs, likely due to progress in endocrine and targeted therapies. This underscores the critical need for enhanced screening and personalized treatments for older patients.

To better understand RNA-binding proteins in rice, a comprehensive investigation was conducted on the RRM1 gene family of rice. It encompassed genome-wide identification and exploration of its role in rice blast resistance. The physicochemical properties of the rice OsRRM1 gene family were analyzed. There genes were also analyzed for their conserved domains, motifs, location information, gene structure, phylogenetic trees, collinearity, and cis-acting elements. Furthermore, alterations in the expression patterns of selected OsRRM1 genes were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 212 members of the OsRRM1 gene family were identified, which were dispersed across 12 chromosomes. These genes all exhibit multiple exons and introns, all of which encompass the conserved RRM1 domain and share analogous motifs. This observation suggests a high degree of conservation within the encoded sequence domain of these genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of five subfamilies within the OsRRM1 gene family. Furthermore, investigation of the promoter region identified cis-regulatory elements that are involved in nucleic acid binding and interaction with multiple transcription factors. By employing GO and KEGG analyses, four RRM1 genes were tentatively identified as crucial contributors to plant immunity, while the RRM1 gene family was also found to have a significant involvement in the complex of alternative splicing. The qRT-PCR results revealed distinct temporal changes in the expression patterns of OsRRM1 genes following rice blast infection. Additionally, gene expression analysis indicates that the majority of OsRRM1 genes exhibited constitutive expressions. These findings enrich our understanding of the OsRRM1 gene family. They also provide a foundation for further research on immune mechanisms rice and the management of rice blast.

Abstract Background Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is an important pattern of post-transcriptional regulation of genes widely existing in eukaryotes, involving plant physiological and pathological processes. However, there is a dearth of studies investigating the role of APA profile in rice leaf blight. Results In this study, we compared the APA profile of leaf blight-susceptible varieties (CT 9737-613P-M) and resistant varieties (NSIC RC154) following bacterial blight infection. Through gene enrichment analysis, we found that the genes of two varieties typically exhibited distal poly(A) (PA) sites that play different roles in two kinds of rice, indicating differential APA regulatory mechanisms. In this process, many disease-resistance genes displayed multiple transcripts via APA. Moreover, we also found five polyadenylation factors of similar expression patterns of rice, highlighting the critical roles of these five factors in rice response to leaf blight about PA locus diversity. Conclusion Notably, the present study provides the first dynamic changes of APA in rice in early response to biotic stresses and proposes a possible functional conjecture of APA in plant immune response, which lays the theoretical foundation for in-depth determination of the role of APA events in plant stress response and other life processes.

Abstract Background Chemotherapy related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a type of memory and cognitive impairment induced by chemotherapy and has become a growing clinical problem. Breast cancer survivors (BCs) refer to patients from the moment of breast cancer diagnosis to the end of their lives. Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) is a convenient and easy‐to‐apply psychological intervention that has been proven to improve quality of life and alleviate CRCI in BCs. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) has become an effective method for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of brain networks in CRCI. The fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and ALFF have often been used in analyzing the power and intensity of spontaneous regional resting state neural activity. Methods The recruited BCs were randomly divided into the CALM group and the care as usual (CAU) group. All BCs were evaluated by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Cognitive Function (FACT‐Cog) before and after CALM or CAU. The rs‐fMRI imaging was acquired before and after CALM intervention in CALM group BCs. The BCs were defined as before CALM intervention (BCI) group and after CALM intervention (ACI) group. Results There were 32 BCs in CALM group and 35 BCs in CAU group completed the overall study. There were significant differences between the BCI group and the ACI group in the FACT‐Cog‐PCI scores. Compared with the BCI group, the ACI group showed lower fALFF signal in the left medial frontal gyrus and right sub‐gyral and higher fALFF in the left occipital_sup and middle occipital gyrus. There was a significant positive correlation between hippocampal ALFF value and FACT‐Cog‐PCI scores. Conclusions CALM intervention may have an effective function in alleviating CRCI of BCs. The altered local synchronization and regional brain activity may be correlated with the improved cognitive function of BCs who received the CALM intervention. The ALFF value of hippocampus seems to be an important factor in reflect cognitive function in BCs with CRCI and the neural network mechanism of CALM intervention deserves further exploration to promote its application.

Abstract Background Chemotherapy‐related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a common but easily overlooked condition that markedly affects the quality of life (QOL) of patients with breast cancer. The rs671 is a common gene polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in Asia that is involved in aldehyde metabolism and may be closely related to CRCI. However, no study has yet summarised the association between ALDH2 and CRCI. Methods This study enrolled one hundred and twenty‐four patients diagnosed with breast cancer according to the pathology results, genotyped for ALDH2 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) to explore these. The mini‐mental state exam (MMSE), verbal fluency test (VFT), and digit span test (DST) results were compared in these patients before and after chemotherapy (CT). Results We found that patients with ALDH2 gene genotypes of rs671_GG, rs886205_GG, rs4648328_CC, and rs4767944_TT polymorphisms were more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment during chemotherapy. A trend toward statistical significance was observed for rs671_GG of DST (z = 2.769, p = 0.006), VFT (t = 4.624, P

Background Breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM) is a severe condition often resulting in early death. The identification of prognostic factors and the construction of accurate predictive models can guide clinical decision-making. Methods A large sample of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was analyzed, including 3711 patients diagnosed with de novo BCLM between 2010 and 2015. Predictive models were developed using histograms, and stepwise regression addressed variable collinearity. Internal validation was performed, and results were compared to similar studies. Results In this study of 3711 BCLM patients, 2571 didn't have early death. Out of the 1164 who died early, 1086 had cancer-specific early death. Prognostic factors for early death, including age, race, tumor size, and lymph node involvement, were identified. A nomogram based on these factors was constructed, accurately predicting early all-cause and cancer-specific death. Conclusions Valuable insights into the prognosis of BCLM patients were provided, and important prognostic factors for early death were identified. The developed nomogram can assist clinicians in identifying high-risk patients for early death and inform treatment decisions.

Breast cancer is a grave traumatic experience that can profoundly compromise patients’ psychological resilience, impacting their overall quality of life. The oxytocin system represents one of the essential neurobiological bases of psychological resilience and plays a critical role in regulating resilience in response to social or traumatic events during adulthood. Oxytocin, through its direct interaction with peripheral or central oxytocin receptors, has been found to have a significant impact on regulating social behavior. However, the precise mechanism by which the activation of peripheral oxytocin receptors leads to improved social is still not completely comprehended and requires additional research. Its activation can modulate psychological resilience by influencing estrogen and its receptors, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, thyroid function, 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism levels, and arginine pressure release in breast cancer patients. Various interventions, including psychotherapy and behavioral measures, have been employed to improve the psychological resilience of breast cancer patients. The potential effectiveness of such interventions may be underpinned by their ability to modulate oxytocin release levels. This review provides an overview of the oxytocin system and resilience in breast cancer patients and identifies possible future research directions and interventions.

Background: The number of patients with breast cancer is increasing worldwide, resulting in a growing number of patients with chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), which seriously affects their quality of life. CRCI is associated with inflammatory factors and systemic inflammatory markers such as pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), which can reflect the level of inflammation in the body. While the Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) intervention has been demonstrated to alleviate CRCI in patients with breast cancer, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Objective: This study evaluated the impact of the CALM intervention on systemic inflammation. Methods: Ninety patients with breast cancer with CRCI were enrolled and randomized into care as usual (CAU) and CALM intervention groups. All patients were assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog), Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) before and after the CAU/CALM intervention. The blood levels of inflammatory markers were also analyzed before and after the intervention. Results: Compared to the CAU group, the CALM group showed significantly improved cognitive function and significantly decreased PIV ( P

Apple replant disease (ARD) is seriously hindering the development of the apple industry. This experiment assessed the effects of two different root-growth-promoting agents (Indoleacetic acid and nutrient elements) on the microbial environment of apple-replanted soil and the growth of apple rootstock Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings after fumigation with crystal lime sulfur. The results showed that the simultaneous application of crystal lime sulfur, indoleacetic acid, and nutrient elements (T4) improved the biomass of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings. It also enhanced the activities of soil enzymes and root antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT). Their activities were significantly higher than in the individual treatments and resulted in a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The T4 treatment significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of the plant, thus effectively increasing the plant growth status. After fumigation, the amount of soil microorganisms was reduced, and the amount of bacteria and actinomycetes was increased after mixed application with the root-growth-promoting agent. The abundance of different species such as Pseudallescheria, Guehomyces, Trichoderma, Bacillus, Gaiella, and Sphingomonas was effectively increased, and the amount of Fusarium oxysporum was reduced. Through correlation analysis between different species and plant and soil enzymes, we found that the different species were positively correlated with root respiration rate and SOD activity and negatively correlated with MDA content. The differentially accumulated microbial species may be the key microorganism that promotes plant growth. Therefore, the simultaneous application of crystal lime sulfur, indoleacetic acid, and nutrient elements can optimize the apple replant soil environment and promote the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings, and can be used to control apple replant disease.

To explore the effect of different concentrations of corticosterone (CORT) on primary cultured hippocampal neurons and their Ca2+ CaMK II expression and possible mechanism, the changes of hippocampal neurons were observed in terms of morphology, activity of cells, cell death, concentrations of cytosolic free calcium, and the expression of CaMK II by using MTT assay, flow cytometry, fluorescent labeling of Fura-2/AM and Western blotting after 107. 10−6 and 106 mol/L of CORT was added to culture medium. The evident effect of 10−6 and 105 mol/L of CORT on the morphology of hippocampal neuron was found. Compared with control neurons, the activity of the cells was markedly decreased and [Ca2], increased in the neurons treated with 106 and 105 mol L of CORT, but no change was observed in the neuron treated with 106 mol/L of CORT. The death was either by way of apoptosis or necrosis in the cells treated with 106 and 105 mol/L of CORT respectively. The correlation analysis showed that a reverse correlation existed between [Ca2+], and the expression of CaMK II. Either apoptosis or necrosis occurs in the hippocampal neurons treated with CORT. The increased hippocampal [Ca2+], is both the results of CORT impairing the hippocampal neurons and the cause of the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and the decreased CaMK II expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel eukaryotic expression vector pBlacZ was constructed, which was transfected into the cell lines of NIH/3T3, COS-1, CHO and the primary culture of murine dermatic fibroblasts in vitro, and also into the murine subcutaneous layer and skeletal muscles of rats in vivo. It was detected that the gene expression vector could encode the E. Coli β-galactosidase effectively in all these histocytes. The results suggested that pBlacZ, as a novel expression vector, might have certain value of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]