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The direct synthesis of β-NH2 alcohols via flexible ammonolysis of epoxides is still a challenging and unresolved problem.

Since the concept of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) was proposed, along with the development of new AIE molecules and broadening of its application field, the exploration of its mechanism has attracted more and more attention.

A series of ultralong RTP materials with photostimulus-responsive behavior were prepared by facile doping processes.

Photochromic materials are constructed with molecules accompanied by structural change after triggering by light, which are of great importance and necessity for various applications. However, because of space-confinement effects, molecule stacking of these photoresponsive chromophores within coordination polymers (CPs) always results in an efficiency decrement and a response delay, and this phenomenon will lead to a poor photochromic property. Herein, a CP (named CIT-E) with a 3-fold-interpenetrating network structure, which was prepared with (Z)-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-bis[4-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)phenyl]ethene (1Z) and a CuI cluster, showed fast reversible photochromic behavior. Under UV-light illumination, the color of CIT-Z changed from pale yellow to reddish brown. With the illumination of green light, the polymer could return to its initial color within 10 s. To reveal the mechanism of reversible photochromic behavior of CIT-Z, single-crystal structures of each color state were fully studied, and other scientific study methods were also used, such as time-dependent density functional theory calculation and control experiments. It was found that, with light illumination, this behavior of CIT-Z was the result of a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer process, and this process was triggered by subtle molecular conformation variation of tetraphenylethylene. It should be noted that CIT-Z has high thermal and chemical stability, which are excellent advantages as smart photoresponsive materials. As a proof of concept, a uniform thin film with such a fascinating photochromic property allows applications in invisible anticounterfeiting and dynamic optical data storage. Overall, the present study opens up a new avenue toward reversible photochromic materials.

Sports wearable monitoring equipment is an intelligent device that collects many physiological signals of the human body through multiple sensors. It has a very active role in promoting data testing in the field of sports. This article is aimed at studying the impact of sports wearable detection devices based on vision sensors on the sports industry and at proposing effective strategies for the development of sports wearable devices in the sports industry. This paper proposes an azimuth integration algorithm based on wearable sensor data. This goal establishes a new feature based on azimuth angle information for a reliable human behavior recognition system based on acceleration data. Based on summarizing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of existing azimuth conversion algorithms, this paper develops an azimuth code conversion algorithm based on the combination of additional processing and Kalman processing to explore the impact of wearable devices on the sports industry. The experimental results of this article show that in the current sports industry, more than 19.74 million sports wearable testing devices have been put into use normally, which also means that the industry is about to enter a significant stage of development.

The development of a facile synthesis and controllable layer stacking approach for covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is an important issue for modulating their properties and realizing their application diversity. Herein, three COF isomers with different stacking models (eclipsed AA, staggered AB, and ABC stacking) were obtained by modulating the reaction temperature and solvent medium. Experimental and theoretical calculations show that the ABC stacking isomer obtained at room temperature is the kinetic product, while the AA stacking isomer prepared by the solvothermal method is a thermodynamic product. Owing to the tautomerism involved in the reaction process, these isomers possess different ratios of enol and keto forms. Thus, they exhibit different generation efficiencies of Type I and Type II reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ABC stacking isomers could be employed as metal-free heterogeneous photocatalysts for visible-light-induced oxidation of amines to imines, owing to the highest generation efficiency of Type I ROS.

A reasonable synthesis design by strategically integrating functional group manipulation into the ring system construction resulted in a short, enantioselective, gram-scale total synthesis of (−)-zephyranthine. The concise route includes a catalytic Michael/Michael cascade for the asymmetric synthesis of a penta-substituted cyclohexane with three contiguous stereogenic centers, a remarkable 8-step one-pot operation to easily assemble the zephyranthine tetracyclic skeleton, the regioselective construction of a double bond in the C ring and an asymmetric dihydroxylation. This synthesis is also flexible and paves a potential path to a variety of cyclohexylamine-fused tricyclic or polycyclic alkaloids., A reasonable synthesis design by strategically integrating functional group manipulation into the ring system construction resulted in a short, enantioselective, gram-scale total synthesis of (−)-zephyranthine.

Silicon-based materials have been regarded as the most promising anodes for high-energy batteries, when combined with high- voltage/capacity nickel-rich layered cathodes. However, challenges arise ...

E-commerce furnishes farmers in rural China with a novel solution accomplishing entrepreneurship transformation, but serious credit constraints still coexist with it at present, which may restrict the release of e-commerce’s potential. Therefore, this study investigates whether formal credit promotes entrepreneurial farmers’ e-commerce utilization and explores its influencing mechanism. Based on the survey data collected from 831 entrepreneurial farmers in Shaanxi province, Ningxia province and Shandong province in rural China, the propensity score matching (PSM) method was applied to measure the impact of formal credit on e-commerce utilization. The results show that formal credit contributes to a 18.41% increase of e-commerce utilization in general and increases entrepreneurial farmers’ online purchases and sales by 11.15% and 14.69%, respectively. Some groups perform significantly in the heterogeneity analysis, the most noteworthy of which are entrepreneurial farmers who are younger, belong to new type of agricultural business entities and use mobile payments. Their e-commerce utilization, including online purchases and sales, are impacted most by formal credit. Furthermore, when the bootstrap method was used to examine the mediating effect, we found that formal credit has a positive and significant effect on the utilization of e-commerce through four channels, which are internet learning, asset allocation, labor allocation and income growth. Hence, the findings suggest that the government should augment the amount of formal credit to optimize entrepreneurial farmers’ internet learning, asset allocation, labor employment and income growth, thereby promoting e-commerce to achieve entrepreneurial transformation and sustainable development in rural areas.

Single-cells coated with functional shells to protect them from external harsh condition have great potential applications in many fields such as tissue engineering, cell-based devices, cell biology, and so on. Herein, copper metal organic polyhedron (Cu-MOP) hydrogel has been applied as a soft shell for cell protection under both physical and chemical stimulations. Compared with a previous strategy, this MOP-Gel shell not only possesses more satisfied protection effect but also could be prepared and removed facilely without any damage to the encapsulated cells.

Depending on the strategy of "Healthy China", more and more people pay attention to health issues. The integration and development of sports industry and health service industry is an inevitable outcome of industrial transformation and upgrading and healthy life in the new era. Through constructing the evaluation index system of the coupling and coordination development degree between sports industry and health service industry, using entropy evaluation method and coupling and coordination degree model, this paper explore the comprehensive level and coupling and coordination development status of sports industry and health service industry in thirty-one provinces, municipality cities and autonomous regions of China from 2013 to 2017. The results of this paper show that the comprehensive China’s sports industry and health service industry both present an incremental development trend year by year, and are characterized by the distribution of "high in the east and low in the west" in space. The government’s policy support provides superior industrial supporting conditions for the development of sports industry. However, it is not conducive to the promotion of industrial economic benefits. In the health service industry, the rapid development of health insurance is beneficial to the integration of industrial resources and the perfection of industrial chain. Whereas as the core content of health service industry, health service has greater space for development; the coupling and coordination degree between the two industries rises from mild maladjustment to basic coordination, which is characterized by the distribution of "high in the east and low in the west" in space; among provinces, with Beijing, the Yangtze River Delta and Guangdong as the three development center points, it shows the spatial evolutionary process from "dispersion-type plaques" to "gathering type scattered surfaces".

Acute stress concentration plays an important role in plaque rupture and may cause stroke or myocardial infarction. Quantitative evaluation of the relation between in vivo plaque stress and variations in blood pressure and flow rates is valuable to optimize daily monitoring of the cardiovascular system for high-risk patients as well as to set a safe physical exercise intensity for better quality of life. In this study, we constructed an in vivo stress model for a human carotid bifurcation with atherosclerotic plaque, and analyzed the effects of blood pressure, flow rates, plaque stiffness, and stenosis on the elastic stress and fluid viscous stress around the plaque. According to the maximum values of the mechanical stress, we define a risk index to predict the risk level of plaque rupture under different exercise intensities. For a carotid bifurcation where the blood flow divides, the results suggest that the stenosis ratio determines the ratio of the contributions of elastic shear stress and viscous shear stress to plaque rupture. An increase of the plaque stiffness enhances the maximum elastic shear stress in the plaque, indicating that a high-stiffness plaque is more prone to rupture for given stenosis ratio. High stress co-localization at the shoulder of plaques agrees with the region of plaque injury in clinical observations. It is demonstrated that, due to the stress-shield effect, the rupture risk of a high-stiffness plaque tends to decrease under high-stenosis conditions, suggesting the existence of a specific stenosis corresponding to the maximum risk. This study may help to complement risk stratification of vulnerable plaques in clinical practice and provides a stenosis mechanical property-specific guide for blood pressure control in cardiovascular health management.

Over the last decade, the controllable reversible phase transition of functional materials has received growing interest as it shows unique suitability for various technological applications. Although many metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess a lamellar structure, the reversible structural transformation of MOFs between their three-dimensional (3D) phase and two-dimensional (2D) phase remains a largely unexplored area. Herein, we report for the first time a europium MOF with unprecedented reversible morphology in different solvents at room temperature. This europium MOF displayed a 3D nanorod morphology in organic solvent and a 2D nanobelt architecture in water. As a proof of concept for potential applications of this reversible-phase-transition MOF, we were able to use a delamination recovery method to load dye molecules that previously could not be loaded into europium MOFs.

The intermolecular interactions and molecular packing form of fluorescent molecules have a huge impact on their optical properties, especially for AIE molecules. As a class of typical AIE molecules, tetraphenylethene (TPE) and its derivatives have prominent optical properties; nevertheless, separation of mixtures of E/Z isomers is a great challenge. Herein, a series of aromatic-substituted TPE derivatives were synthesized and used to separate mixtures of E/Z isomers by common column chromatography with high yields, as confirmed by single crystal analysis, mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The structure–property relationships of these molecules were systematically investigated by a combination of spectroscopic methods, theoretical calculations and single crystal data analysis. E/Z isomers exhibit many different fluorescent properties, such as AIE and mechanochromic behavior. Moreover, the position of N on the substituted pyridine ring also has an effect on the molecule stack pattern and the fluorescent properties. Collectively, our findings could not only improve the fundamental understanding of the cis/trans isomerization and photophysical properties of TPE derivatives but also provide a good strategy for designing different substituted groups that can produce various functions and have more potential applications.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous materials utilized in various potential applications. However, the development of hollow-structured COFs with defined morphology is important for their further applications, which is rare. Herein, COF with unique hollow shuttle morphology was prepared by a Schiff condensation reaction between 4-(4-aldehyde phenyl)ethylene (TPE) and tetra-(4-aminophenyl) porphyrin (TAP). A detailed mechanistic investigation reveals that an initial self-assembly followed by a similar inside-out Ostwald ripening process is responsible for the hollow capsule formation. The hollow microshuttle-shaped capsule COF is used for studying hemoglobin adsorption, which shows an uptake of 550.82 mg g-1 of hemoglobin. These studies could foreshadow new avenues for the development of porous materials with defined morphologies for the adsorption of biomolecules.

Here, a new 1D helical chain coordination polymer with enhanced chemical stability and fluorescence emission was prepared by introducing a benzimidazole molecule into Ag12 clusters. This coordination polymer demonstrated an increased fluorescence intensity with increasing polarity of alcohol solution, revealing its potential application in alcohol sensing.

Vascular diseases during aging process are closely correlated to the age-related changes of mechanical stimuli for resident cells. Characterizing the variations of mechanical environments in vessel walls with advancing age is crucial for a better understanding of vascular remodeling and pathological changes. In this study, the mechanical stress, strain, and wall stiffness of the FPAs were compared among four different age groups from adolescent to young, middle-aged, and aged subjects. The material parameters and geometries adopted in the FPA models were obtained from published experimental results. It is found that high mechanical stress appears at different layers in young and old FPA walls respectively. The characteristics of the middle-aged FPA wall suggests that it is the most capable of resisting high blood pressures and maintaining a mechanical homeostasis during the entire life span. It is demonstrated that the variations of stress and strain rather than that of wall stiffness can be used as an indicator to illustrate the profile of FPA aging. Our results could serve as an age-specific mechanical reference for vascular mechanobiological studies, and allow further exploration of cellular dysfunctions in vessel walls during aging process.

Ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (URTP) materials with photo stimulus responsive (named URTP-PSR) behavior are amazing but still rarely reported due to their great requirements on the crystal structure, complicated synthesis process, long photo-activation and deactivation time. Herein, a series of URTP-PSR materials were prepared by a facile doping process, which involved one-pot heating treatment of benzoic acid derivatives and boric acid to form an amorphous phase. The URTP-PSR materials displayed gradually enhanced ultra-long phosphorescence upon prolonged deep UV light illumination under ambient conditions to restricts the vibration and rotation of molecular. Impressively, both of the photo-activation and deactivation process can be finished within several seconds, which was much fast than previously reported URTP-PSR materials. The optical properties can be repeated many times without obvious loosing performance, suggesting excellent fatigue resistance behaviors of the URTP-PSR materials. Simultaneously, the URTP-PSR materials also displayed excellent atmosphere stability, which still maintained good optical properties even under oxygen atmosphere. Furthermore, owing to the high processability and light-stimulus emission, the URTP-PSR materials have been utilized as security ink for anti-counterfeiting pattern application. It's worth mentioning that all the raw materials are commercialized and low-cost, which could be purchased directly and benefit for the practical application. These findings break through many limitations of existing dynamic RTP materials, such as complicated preparation process, fine crystal structure, long photo-activation and deactivation time, and furthermore expand the scope of dynamic smart-response materials for great potential in many fields.

2D (two-dimensional) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently emerged as versatile photoactive functional materials. Herein, three β-ketoenamine linked 2D COFs were assembled with 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and 4,7-bis(4-aminophenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD) as the building blocks at 150, 120, and 25 ℃ respectively, leading to Tp-BTD-150, Tp-BTD-120, and Tp-BTD-25. In particular, the facile synthesis at 25 ℃ afforded Tp-BTD-25 that featured superior activity for the photocatalytic selective aerobic oxidation of benzylamine to the other two assembled at higher temperatures. Most importantly, both the stability and activity of Tp-BTD-25 photocatalyst were augmented with exogenous 5 mol% TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) to ease the transfer of electrons and protons during the oxidation of benzyl amines. Preeminently, the selective aerobic oxidation of benzyl amines into imines was established by cooperative photocatalysis of Tp-BTD-25 with TEMPO irradiated by blue LEDs (light-emitting diodes). This work underscores that crystalline 2D COFs via facile synthesis can cooperatively work with a redox mediator to steer photocatalytic selective reactions.

The spillover effect of environmental behavior has been of wide concern in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of household waste sorting on green consumption (behavioral spillover) and the possible psychological mechanisms involved in such spillover of environmental concern. Though it is important, insufficient attention has been paid to exploring the relationship, and the process of its formation, between waste sorting and green consumption. To narrow this gap, survey data collected in 2018 from 688 rural households from Shaanxi Province in western China were used. The propensity score matching method was employed to measure the effect of waste sorting on rural households&rsquo, green consumption. The mediating model was employed to investigate the path of influence in the relationship between waste sorting and green consumption. The results showed that waste sorting behavior positively spilled over into green consumption, with a net effect of 0.205. Environmental concern has a mediating effect on the relationship between waste sorting and green consumption behavior, with a mediating effect of 0.3177. In summary, household waste sorting behavior has a spillover effect on green consumption behavior as a result of the mediation effect of environmental concern. The results of this article fill in our knowledge on the spillover effects of waste sorting behavior in developing countries. Policy makers and regulators should vigorously advocate and implement waste sorting behavior, increase farmers&rsquo, concern for the environment, and promote their participation in green consumption behavior, so as to maximize the spillover effect.

The steady and healthy development of the sports industry can promote regional sustainable development. In order to explore the coordination situation and driving factors between the sports industry and regional sustainable development, this article builds a coupling coordination evaluation index system and dynamic factor index system for the sports industry and regional sustainable development. Using the entropy method, coupling coordination model and random effect model, this article analyzes the comprehensive level, coupling coordination relationship and driving factors of the sports industry and regional sustainable development in eleven provinces and cities in eastern China, from 2013 to 2017. The results show that the comprehensive level of the sports industry and regional sustainable development in eastern China is showing a steady growth trend, and the sports industry is growing faster than regional sustainable development. The degree of coupling coordination among provinces and cities has increased significantly, but the spillover effects of coupling coordination in each region are not obvious. The level of overall coupling coordination is primary coordination, regional innovation, industrial structure upgrade, and human capital can promote the improvement of coupling coordination. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen cross-regional cooperation, build a cross-regional &ldquo, sports+&rdquo, industry group, give play to the &ldquo, sports +&rdquo, spillover effect, create a coupling platform for the sports industry and regional sustainable development, release the superimposed effect of multiple driving factors, and facilitate the evolution of coupling coordination to higher levels.

The development of analytical method for selective and sensitive detection of gossypol (Gsp), an extraction from the cotton plants, is important but still challenging in food safety and medical field. Herein, we reported a turn-on near infrared (NIR) fluorescence detection strategy for Gsp based on a metal-organic framework (MOF), QBA-Yb, which was prepared from 4,4’-(quinolone-5, 8-diyl) benzoate with Yb(NO3)3·5H2O by solvothermal synthesis. The Gsp acted as another “antenna” to sensitize the luminescence of Yb3+, leading to the turn-on NIR emission upon 467 nm excitation. As Gsp concentration increased, the NIR emission at 973 nm enhanced gradually, thus enabling highly sensitive Gsp detection in a turn-on way. The experiment and theoretical calculation results revealed that the presence of strong hydrogen bonds between Gsp molecules and the MOF skeleton. The developed QBA-Yb probe showed excellent characteristics for detection of Gsp molecules, accompanied by wide linear range (5–160 μg/mL), low detection limit (0.65 μg/mL) and short response time (within 10 min). We have further demonstrated that the QBA-Yb probe was successfully applied for the determination of Gsp in real samples of cottonseeds.

Mechanical stimuli play critical roles in cardiovascular diseases, in which in vivo stresses in blood vessels present a great challenge to predict. Based on the structural–thermal coupled finite element method, we propose a thermal expansion method to estimate stresses in multi-layer blood vessels under healthy and pathological conditions. The proposed method provides a relatively simple and convenient means to predict reliable in vivo mechanical stresses with accurate residual stress. The method is first verified with the opening-up process and the pressure-radius responses for single and multi-layer vessel models. It is then applied to study the stress variation in a human carotid artery at different hypertension stages and in a plaque of vascular stenosis. Our results show that specific or optimal residual stresses exist for different blood pressures, which helps form a homogeneous stress distribution across vessel walls. High elastic shear stress is identified on the shoulder of the plaque, which contributes to the tearing effect in plaque rupture. The present study indicates that the proposed numerical method is a capable and efficient in vivo stress evaluation of patient-specific blood vessels for clinical purposes.

The aim of this study is to investigate the green growth of cereal food production under the constraints of agricultural carbon emissions and area sown. A qualitative time-series data from 1985 to 2018 was used to analyze the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), vector error correction model (VECM), and Novel dynamic ARDL models. The empirical results of the long-run and short-run nexus show that the increasing in area sown and food production index resulting to increase cereal food production. While agricultural carbon emission only confirms short-run significant negative effect and predicts that the decreasing agricultural carbon emissions will support to the increase of cereal food production. The novel dynamic ARDL model revealed that in long-run 10% positive change in agricultural carbon emission decreases cereal food production and a 10% decrease in agricultural carbon emission will steadily increase cereal food production. Besides, the VECM model results predict that bidirectional Granger causality runs from area sown and food production index to the cereal food production while unidirectional Granger causality exists from cereal food production to agricultural carbon emissions. Overall, conclusion the agricultural carbon emissions and area sown are accountable for reducing cereal food productivity. By switching from chemical fertilizers to organic fertilizers, farmers can enhance farm productivity in a healthy and sustainable environment.

Wounds infected by bacteria are dangerous for human beings. However, along with the emergence of new strains and strong bacterial resistance, traditional antibiotics are unable to meet the medical needs for treating bacterial infections. Thus, new antibacterial substances with superior antimicrobial properties are urgently needed. Herein, a hydrogel containing poly acrylic acid (PAA), glycerol and Cu-MOP (named PAA-Cu-MOP hydrogel) is obtained by a facile mixing and ultrasonic procedure for wound healing treatment. This PAA-Cu-MOP hydrogel with high biocompatibility exhibits excellent wound healing behavior and is even better than the one of recombinant human epidermal growth factor. Tissue experiment results reveal that the PAA-Cu-MOP hydrogel accelerates the wound healing process by promoting angiogenesis, stimulating cell proliferation, and up-regulating cell factors.

Rational design of controllable drug release systems is important for tumor treatments due to the nonspecific toxicity of many chemotherapeutics. Herein, laser or light responsive pharmaceutical delivery nanoparticles are designed, by taking the advantages of redox responsive selenium (Se) substituted polymer as shell and photosensitive porphyrin zirconium metal-organic frameworks (MOF) as core. In detail, redox cleavable di-(1-hydroxylundecyl) selenide (DH-Se), biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) are randomly polymerized to form poly(DH-Se/PEG/PPG urethane), which is used to coat the reactive oxygen species' (ROS) producible porous porphyrin zirconium metal organization formulation (PCN-224 MOF) to form the final poly(DH-Se/PEG/PPG urethane)@MOF shell-core nanoparticle with spherical shape by emulsion approach. Interestingly, poly(DH-Se/PEG/PPG urethane)@MOF nanoparticles with loading of chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) experience a fast and controllable release, which can realize the combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy upon irradiation with laser light, due to the light-triggered ROS production by MOF which further causes the cleavage of poly(DH-Se/PEG/PPG urethane) polymer chain and the release of encapsulated DOX. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first design of utilizing MOF and selenium substituted polymer as controllable drug release carriers, which might be beneficial for precise chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy combination.

Transformation of aggregation induced emission (AIE) molecules into functional materials can greatly tune their fluorescence properties and expand their related potential applications. Here, we demonstrate a facile strategy to modulate the fluorescence properties of AIE molecules by confining them within the nanochannels of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). AIE molecules (4,4′-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidene bis(methanylylidene)) bis(3-hydroxybenzoic acid), HDBB) with pH-dependent emission were successfully integrated into UiO-66 resulting in a UiO-66⊃HDBB complex while maintaining the crystal structure by the host–guest process. The fluorescence properties of HDBB can be modulated by virtue of the unique nanospace confining effect. Furthermore, UiO-66⊃HDBB was used as a sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for Cu2+ detection in aqueous solution. This study provides a facile strategy for the construction of high performance AIE based luminescent materials with adjustable properties for potential applications.

Ultrathin metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a novel class of two-dimensional materials for their unique properties, such as the larger surface area, enriched unsaturated coordination centers and more accessible active sites, which are beneficial for improving their performances in catalysis, sensing and separation. In this work, the MOF (named YNU-1 nanobelts) was exploited to selectively remove Fe3+ from aqueous solutions, which showed an excellent adsorption performance with the adsorption capacity of 456.37 mg/g. The value is the highest among all reported adsorbents of Fe3+, owing to the coordination between the Fe3+ and abundant carboxyl groups on the surface of YNU-1 nanobelts. The adsorption behavior can be well-described with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which revealed a chemisorption process. The α-Fe2O3 on the surface of YNU-1 nanobelts after adsorption was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and element mapping measurements. The YNU-1 nanobelts was successfully applied for iron treatment in real sample. Our study provided a facile and efficient method for the removal of iron ions from water.

Stereoisomers play an irreplaceable prominent role in life sciences. In molecular engineering, the isomers have been continuously designed and synthesized, and their interrelationships among structure-property-function have also been explored. However, the difficulties in purification and structural confirmation of tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivatives' stereoisomers hinder their structural diversity and scope of functions. Meanwhile, there were few researches on the macroscopic optical differences about TPE derivatives isomers. Herein, isoniazid-substituted TPE derivatives stereoisomers have been synthesized, as confirmed by single crystal data, mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The different photophysical properties were caused by the introduction of functional group isoniazid on the periphery of TPE. These isomers possessed dramatic differences in fluorescent properties, and exhibited diverse changes in response to stimuli. They also have distinct aggregated self-assembly morphologies because of different intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and they can be used as efficient fluorescent probes for detecting copper. Based on the coordination-driven sensing system, the morphologies of isomers aggregates changed significantly after interaction with copper, and the stoichiometry between them is 2:1. The theoretical calculation demonstrated that they have obvious intramolecular charge transfer behavior. Our research provided a good strategy for designing different substituted groups that can produce various functions and have more potential applications.

A HDBB@ZIF-8 fluorescent probe has been developed by encapsulating the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecule 4,4’-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(methanylylidene)) bis(3-hydroxybenzoic acid) (HDBB) into the nanochannels of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) for distinguishing small alcohol solvent molecules. The crystal structure and morphology of ZIF-8 are well maintained after the encapsulation of HDBB molecules. Encapsulation of HDBB into the confined nanospace of ZIF-8 not only triggered new green fluorescent emission but also endowed them with unique carbon chain length-dependent fluorescence intensity for alcohols, which has not been observed in pure HDBB and ZIF-8. This property could be attributed to the alcohol–water sorption selectivity of host ZIF-8. Moreover, a linear relationship is obtained between the fluorescent intensity of these composites and the concentrations of ethanol with a wide linear range, which could be employed as a chemosensor to detect the content of ethanol in the real wine sample.

The diseases of human blood vessels are closely associated with local mechanical variations. A better understanding of the quantitative correlation in mechanical environment between the current mechano-biological studies and vascular physiological or pathological conditions in vivo is crucial for evaluating numerous existing results and exploring new factors for disease discovery. In this study, six representative human blood vessels with known experimental measurements were selected, and their stress and strain variations in vessel walls under different blood pressures were analyzed based on nonlinear elastic theory. The results suggest that conventional mechano-biological experiments seeking the different biological expressions of cells at high/low mechanical loadings are ambiguous as references for studying vascular diseases, because distinct "site-specific" characteristics appear in different vessels. The present results demonstrate that the inner surface of the vessel wall does not always suffer the most severe stretch under high blood pressures comparing to the outer surface. Higher tension on the outer surface of aortas supports the hypothesis of the outside-in inflammation dominated by aortic adventitial fibroblasts. These results indicate that cellular studies at different mechanical niches should be "disease-specific" as well. The present results demonstrate considerable stress gradients across the wall thickness, which indicate micro-scale mechanical variations existing around the vascular cells, and imply that the physiological or pathological changes are not static processes confined within isolated regions, but are coupled with dynamic cell behaviors such as migration. The results suggest that the stress gradients, as well as the mechanical stresses and strains, are key factors constituting the mechanical niches, which may shed new light on "factor-specific" experiments of vascular cell mechano-biology.

Blood vessels interact with their mechanical environments in a comprehensive way. Local mechanical stimuli outside the biological range play important roles in various human cardiovascular diseases. Although many mechanobiological studies of endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro have been reported in mimicking cellular dysfunctions, their quantitative correlations to the in vivo vascular conditions remain unclear. In order to interpret the stress-modulated dysfunctions of vascular cells and explore the key mechanical factors in vascular diseases, it is important to investigate the mechanical environments of vessel walls in vivo under various physiological conditions. Based on nonlinear continuum mechanics, we analyzed the variations of the mechanical stress, strain, and wall stiffness in human blood vessels at different blood pressures. We adopted nine middle-aged arteries located at different physiological sites for stress analysis including three aortas (ascending thoracic, descending thoracic, and abdominal), and five arterial branches (common iliac, femoropopliteal, subclavian, common carotid, and renal, and left anterior descending coronary artery). The femoropopliteal arteries aged from 11 to 70 years were also adopted for investigating the aging effects. It is found that 1) the vascular cells experience various mechanical stimuli along the arterial tree; 2) the intima and adventitia exhibit distinct variations in stress and strain during the femoropopliteal artery aging; and 3) the magnitude of wall stiffness seems to depend on the arterial locations rather than aging. Although it is reported that stress concentration usually occurs in intima causing EC dysfunctions, our results suggest that the adventitia is more likely to bear high stresses in middle-aged aortas and aged femoropopliteal arteries, triggering the vascular inflammation. We conclude that the mechanical niches of vascular cells strongly depend on the physiological site and aging process. The present results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanical environments in vessel walls, which could serve as a reference for studying the vascular cell mechano-transduction.