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Methotrexate (MTX) has been used in high doses for cancer therapy and low doses for autoimmune diseases. It is proven that methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity occurs even at relatively low doses. It is known that garden cress has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. This study investigates the potential alleviating effect of garden cress oil (GCO) against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The chemical composition of GCO was assessed using GC/MS analysis. Liver damage was studied using hepatotoxicity biomarkers, molecular, and histological analysis. Also, the effects of GCO on TNF-α and caspase-3 proteins were evaluated through molecular docking studies. The results demonstrated that MTX caused liver damage, as seen by elevated levels of the liver enzymes ALT, AST, and ALP. Likewise, MTX showed clear signs of apoptosis, such as increased mRNA expression levels of BAX, Caspase-3, and P53, and increased liver inflammation indicated by higher levels of TNF-α expression. MTX exhibited significant liver damage, as demonstrated by histological examination. Treatment with GCO effectively alleviated the apoptotic effects of MTX, provided protection against inflammation, and restored histological alterations. GC/MS metabolite profiling of garden cress oil revealed the presence of several phytoconstituents, including tocopherols, erucic acid, sesamolin, linoleic acid, vaccenic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid, that showed strong binding affinities toward TNF-α and caspase-3 proteins in molecular docking studies, which could explain the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory potential of GCO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The target of this study was to estimate the efficacy of garden cress seed oil in the treatment of osteoporosis in rats. Seventy adult female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were used that were divided into seven groups (n-10/ group). Methotrexate (MTX) was subcutaneously injected (0.65 mg/kg) for two separate 5 days courses (5 days on/9 days off), to induce osteoporotic rat model. Garden cress seed oil was orally gavages with two patterns: the therapeutic pattern in which rats were orally gavages with oil in two doses (200 and 400 mg/ kg b w) after completion of injection of methotrexate. The prophylactic pattern rats were injected with methotrexate in concurrent with the oil at the same doses. The oils injection period for the two treated pattern was four weeks. After the completion of the treatment, animals were anesthetized and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Femoral bones of the treated and control groups were collected to study the expression of genes associated with bone remodeling (Cathapsin K and TNF-αand Osterix). Bones histopathological and morphometric studies were performed. Garden cress oil improved minerals and vitamin D content in osteoporotic animals. The results of the gene expression showed that the oil reduced the gene expression level of Cathapsin K and TNF-α, while increased the level of Ostrix, leading to improving the histological structure and bone thickness of the osteoporotic animals. Garden cress seed oil considerably improved the osteoporosis bone marker through both therapeutic and prophylactic approaches. In addition, data revealed that the therapeutics pattern was more alleviative than prophylactic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]