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The comorhidity of depression and high risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been reported as major health problems. Our previous study confirmed that fluoxetine (FLX) therapy had a significant influence on brain function hut not on the heart in depression. In the present study, suheroyanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) was proposed as another therapeutic candidate for treatment of depression comorhid CVD in maternal separation model, following behavioral analyses and gene expression level in the heart. Our data demonstrated that SAHA significantly attenuates the NOX-4 gene expression level in treated mice with SAHA and FLX without significant change in NOX-2 expression level. SAHA decreased the gene expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1[alpha]) and nuclear respiratory factors (Nrf2) in heart tissues of maternally separated mice. It supposed that non-effectiveness of FLX on mitochondrial hiogenesis and NOX gene expression level in the heart of depressed patient can he related to recurrence of depression. It revealed that SAHA not only reversed the depressivelike hehavior similar to our previous data hut also recovered the heart mitochondrial function via effect on NOX-2, NOX-4, and mitochondrial hiogenesis genes' (PGC-1[alpha], Nrf-2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-[alpha] (PPAR- [alpha])) expression levels. We suggest performing more studies to confirm SAHA as a therapeutic candidate in depression comorhid CVD. Key words: vorinostat (SAHA), depression, NADPH oxidase, mitochondrial hiogenesis, maternal separation (MS), heart On a rapporte que la comorhidite entre la depression et le risque accru de maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) constitue un prohleme de sante majeur. Notre etude precedente est venue confirmer que l'administration de fluoxetine (FLX) exerce une influence importante sur le fonctionnement du cerveau, mais pas sur le coeur pendant la depression. Dans la presente etude, nous avons propose que l'acide suheranilohydroxamique (SAHA) puisse constituer un autre candidat therapeutique contre la comorhidite entre la depression et les maladies cardiovasculaires dans un modele de separation maternelle (SM) avec l'ajout d'etudes comportementales et de mesures des taux d'expression genique dans le coeur. Nos donnees ont montre que le SAHA entraine une attenuation marquee des taux d'expression du gene NOX-4 chez des souris auxquelles etaient administres du SAHA et de la FLX sans variation appreciahle des taux d'expression de NOX-2. Le SAHA a entraine une diminution des taux d'expression genique de PGC-1[alpha] et de Nrf2 dans le tissu cardiaque des souris du modele de SM. Il est possihle que le manque d'efficacite de la FLX sur la hiogenese mitochondriale et les taux d'expression genique de NOX dans le coeur des patients deprimes puissent etre lies a la recidive de la depression. Nous revelons qu'en plus d'inverser des comportements s'apparentant a la depression un peu comme dans nos donnees anterieures, le SAHA permettrait au fonctionnement mitochondrial du coeur de se retahlir par l'intermediaire d'un effet sur NOX-2, NOX-4 et des taux d'expression des genes de la hiogenese mitochondriale (PGC-1[alpha], Nrf-2 et PPAR-[alpha]). Nous suggerons d'effectuer d'autres etudes en vue de confirmer que le SAHA puisse constituer un agent therapeutique candidat dans la comorbidite entre la depression et les maladies cardiovasculaires. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : vorinostat (SAHA), depression, oxydase de la NADPH, biogenese mitochondriale, separation maternelle, coeur, 1. Introduction Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) or vorinostat is one of the histone deacetylase inhibitors introduced to clinical trials as an anti-cancer drug and confirmed by the U.S. Food and [...]

Hebanthe eriantha is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine and a subject of commercial interest. The cytotoxicity effects from H. eriantha root extracts on cancerous and normal cells were assessed by the MTT method, and in vitro toxicity was evaluated on Artemia salina. The inhibition of the proliferation of bacteria and MIC values were examined by the disc diffusion and the broth microdilution method, respectively. Human colon cancer HCT116 and mouse breast tumour model 4T1 cells treated with methanolic extract showed a significant decrease in viability of cells with IC50: 272.6 and 88.5 µg/mL at 72h, respectively. The methanolic extract of H. eriantha showed moderate toxicity against A. salina (LC50: 589.4 µg/mL). In antimicrobial activity, the methanolic extract showed the highest inhibitory function against S. aureus and P. vulgaris (17.5 and 16 mm) with MICs of 500 µg/mL. The results confirmed the potential of plant roots as cytotoxic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Myc gene is the essential oncogene in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study investigates the synergistic effects of combining Myc decoy oligodeoxynucleotides-encapsulated niosomes-selenium hybrid nanocarriers with X-irradiation exposure on the MDA-MB-468 cell line. Decoy and scramble ODNs for Myc transcription factor were designed and synthesized based on promoter sequences of the Bcl2 gene. The nanocarriers were synthesized by loading Myc ODNs and selenium into chitosan (Chi-Se-DEC), which was then encapsulated in niosome-nanocarriers (NISM@Chi-Se-DEC). FT-IR, DLS, FESEM, and hemolysis tests were applied to confirm its characterization and physicochemical properties. Moreover, cellular uptake, cellular toxicity, apoptosis, cell cycle, and scratch repair assays were performed to evaluate its anticancer effects on cancer cells. All anticancer assessments were repeated under X-ray irradiation conditions (fractionated 2Gy). Physicochemical characteristics of niosomes containing SeNPs and ODNs showed that it is synthesized appropriately. It revealed that the anticancer effect of NISM@Chi-Se-DEC can be significantly improved in combination with X-ray irradiation treatment. It can be concluded that NISM@Chi-Se-DEC nanocarriers have the potential as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment, particularly in combination with radiation therapy and in-vivo experiments are necessary to confirm the efficacy of this nano-drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aimed to improve the delivery and efficacy of the well‐known anticancer drug, tamoxifen (TAM), through its encapsulation in bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA NPs) and their hybridization with selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs). The developed nanostructures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) imaging. The impact of nanostructures on 4T‐1 cancer cells was assessed through MTT and flow cytometry assays to measure cytotoxicity and apoptosis rates, respectively. FT‐IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed the successful encapsulation of TAM within BSA NPs. EDS analysis confirmed the Se integration into BSA‐TAM@Se NPs, signifying successful hybridization. Size and zeta potential measurements revealed the average hydrodynamic size and surface charge of the nanostructures. BSA NPs, BSA@Se NPs, and Se NPs showed the sizes ranging from 153.37 ± 1.02 to 229.63 ± 1.36 nm, with zeta potential values from −10.12 ± 0.26 to −28.45 ± 0.40 mV. Hemocompatibility studies demonstrated minimal hemolytic activity of the nanostructures, indicating their biocompatibility for intravenous administration. Cellular toxicity assays showed higher cytotoxicity of BSA‐TAM@Se NPs compared to other formulations (****p < 0.0001). The increased cell death in 4T‐1 breast cancer cells highlights the enhanced therapeutic potential of BSA‐TAM@Se NPs. Apoptosis analysis revealed a significant increase in apoptosis rate in 4T‐1 cells treated with BSA‐TAM@Se NPs compared to other formulations (****p < 0.0001), emphasizing their ability to induce programmed cell death. These findings support the rational importance of BSA NPs as drug nanocarriers and their hybridization with Se NPs to improve therapeutic effects. Finally, we suggest that the developed BSA‐TAM@Se NPs can be used as a potential therapeutic approach in combination with other tools such as X‐ray irradiation in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Medicinal plants Scutellaria multicaulis and Scutellaria bornmuelleri belong to the Scutellaria genus and Lamiaceae family, and are widely used in traditional Iranian medicine. This study aims to characterize promising bioactive phytochemicals found in the aerial parts of S. multicaulis and S. bornmuelleri. Methods: Accordingly, volatile oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of S. multicaulis and S. bornmuelleri leaves and stems, and then analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results: A total of 88 components, representing 92.4% of the oil (oil yield determined to be 0.53%, v/w), were identified in the essential oils of S. multicaulis. The main group was sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (24%), with α-himachalene (7.2%), α-longipinene (6.8%), and α-copaene (3.2%) as the main components. A total of 89 chemicals, representing 83.2% of the essential oil (oil yield determined to be 0.31%, v/w), were detected in the essential oil of S. bornmuelleri. The main components were steroids, such as 14-β-H-pregna (32.9%), hydrocarbons (22.5%), sesquiterpenes (11.4%), and monoterpenes (4.6%), which were considered minor constituents. The contents of sesquiterpene and monoterpene hydrocarbons present in S. multicaulis and S. bornmuelleri were 24% and 7.1%, respectively. However, the contribution of oxygenated monoterpenes (4%) and sesquiterpenes (4.3%) in both species was less than 5%. Conclusion: As the first report on the chemical composition of S. multicaulis and S. bornmuelleri, this study showed that the major compounds were steroids and sesquiterpenes. Keywords: 14-β-H-Pregna, GC/MS, α-himachalene, α-Longipinene, Scutellaria