Search

Summary: Cultured meat, also known as laboratory‐grown or cell‐based meat, is a promising concept in the food industry that involves culturing animal cells in vitro to produce meat products, bypassing the need for traditional animal rearing and slaughter. This technology offers solutions to key challenges associated with conventional meat production, including environmental sustainability, animal welfare and food security. However, the cultured meat industry must overcome significant hurdles to achieve commercial viability. Scaling up production to meet the increasing demand for meat is a considerable challenge, requiring a scalable edible scaffold, eliminating the need for separate scaffold removal, and ensuring product safety. Various edible materials, including polysaccharides and proteins, along with fabrication techniques like electrospinning and 3D printing, are explored in this review article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Failure assessment was carried out on admiralty brass tubes in a heat exchanger that failed after five years of service. The failed tubes had numerous circumferential grooves on the external surface due to ammonia corrosion. Inside the brass tubes, a thin layer of calcium carbonate and a minor dirt material was deposited. Under the carbonate deposits, shallow pitting corrosion was identified. Additionally, dezincification was also noticed on both external and internal tube surfaces. The failure assessment was carried out by metallographic examinations, X-ray diffraction phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis. The investigation revealed that steam passing over the tubes was contaminated with ammonia compounds, causing groove corrosion. It was also noted that cooling water running inside the tubes had improper quality, leading to deposit formation. The failure investigation suggested that the brass tubes suffered severe grooving corrosion, pitting, and dezincification. The co-occurrence of these corrosion mechanisms on both inside and outside the tube surfaces led to the tube material thinning, weakening, and failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Failure analysis of a tube and shell heat exchanger was studied. • The yellow brass tubes leaked after five years of service. • The brass tubes suffered severe plug and line dezincification. • Failure of the tubes was dezincification assisted corrosion cracking. Failure analysis was carried out on yellow brass tubes that leaked after five years of service in a heat exchanger. The leaked tubes had numerous longitudinal cracks. The service fluid inside the brass tubes was cooling water, used to exchange the temperature with hot steam at the shell side. Microscopic examinations and energy dispersive spectroscopic analyses were carried out on the brass tube inside and outside surfaces to understand the root cause of the failure. A thin layer of deposits was also observed on the internal and external surfaces of the tubes. Microscopic examinations of the tubes at the fracture edges and cracked areas revealed that the cracks initiated and propagated from the regions that suffered dealloying. Both the plug and line types of dezincification were operative on tube surfaces. The failure investigation suggested that the brass tubes suffered severe dezincification, and the failure of the tubes was dezincification assisted corrosion cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the ac modeling and anisotropic dielectric properties of stress grading and conductive armor tapes that are two crucial components in form-wound motor coils. The limitations of the conventional dc conductivity modeling and the necessities of using ac conductivity modeling and anisotropic properties of these materials at high frequencies and high electric field are discussed. The method of measurement of the dielectric parameters at high frequency and high electric field for 2D modeling is also presented. The transient FEM simulations from conventional modeling and the proposed ac modeling are compared to experimentally obtained results. Good agreement is only obtained from the latter modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the temperature and electric field dependence on the conductivity of the conductive armor and stress grading tapes on form-wound motor coils. The temperature and electric field dependence is measured in the laboratory, and the nonlinear dependency is used in transient FEM simulations of the potential distribution on the form-wound coils. The surface potential distribution, for various temperatures and applied voltages, is measured in the laboratory from which the surface electric stress is calculated. Good agreement between the simulated and measured stresses is obtained. A temperature of 155 °C is shown to have little influence on the stress grading, but the electric stress dependence on conductivity is shown to have a major influence on the stress grading of the motor coil examined in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides an analysis of the thermal stresses in medium-voltage form-wound motor coils that arise from pulsed width modulated, repetitive square-wave, and impulse voltages. The effects of the shape, repetition rate, and rise and fall time of the pulses are studied through experimental and computational work. Based on the frequency spectra of the pulse trains and their corresponding signal powers, it is shown that a set of sinusoidal high-frequency voltages of predetermined amplitudes can effectively produce consistent thermal stresses, and both the experimental and simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]