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Background: Uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall protein), the most common protein in normal urine present in a bundant quantity, is increasingly considered as a potential biomarker relevant to kidney function and tubular reserve, chronic kidney disease and hypertension. A reduced number of tubular cells, is paralleled by reduced urinary and serum concentrations of uromodulin. Therefore, uromodulin might represent a promising biomarker for CKD. Aim: To evaluate the use of serum uromodulin as a biomarker in chronic kidney disease patients. Material and Methods: In an observational study, on 100 subjects with 50 normal healthy and 50 with CKD 1 - 5 stages patients attending Nephrology department in a tertiary care hospital for two years were enrolled. Lipid profile, Serum calcium, proteins, creatinine and serum Uromodulin along with e GFR was investigated. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16 and by using t test, ANOVA and correlation coefficients. Results: Mean age of the study participants was 47.47 ± 10.66 years. And 71% were male. On comparison between cases and controls, Serum Uromodulin, calcium, HDL was lower and other lab findings were significantly more in Cases than in controls. Serum Uromodulin was significantly decreased with severity of CKD. Conclusion: A comparative analysis of serum uromodulin with e GFR shows that eGFR is positively correlated with uromodulin. Lower serum uromodulin reflects a decline in kidney function. Thus serum uromodulin is a helpful marker in diagnosis of CKD at a nearly stage. The estimation of serum uromodulin level may aid in early diagnosis of kidney dysfunction and also in predicting the progression of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the general population ranges from 8 to 180 cases per 100,000 individuals. The female to male ratio varies from 6 to 13 cases in females for every 1 case in males. Several observations suggest an estrogen effect as a potential explanation for this gender difference. In children, the impact of sex hormones is assumed to be minimal, resulting in a female to male ratio of 3 to 1. We report a case series of five male patients who presented at the Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool in the state of Andhra Pradesh and were diagnosed to have lupus nephritis (LN). Male patients with SLE typically present with renal involvement and seizures rather than photophobia and skin manifestations. The prognosis for male patients also appears to be more severe. Therefore, despite the rarity of male patients with lupus, the symptoms are life-threatening, and early detection of the disease is crucial for improving patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]