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The aim of the study is to expound the effect of psoriasis on salivary glands by evaluating the secretion of saliva and salivary cytokine biomarkers in patients with psoriasis. This study was conducted by recruiting 120 subjects that included 60 patients diagnosed clinically with active psoriasis and 60 healthy controls who were age and gender matched to psoriatic subjects. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all the subjects by spitting method, and levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), and IL‐10 (IL‐10) were determined via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (BT Lab, Shanghai, China). Secretion of saliva in psoriasis patients was considerably reduced than in healthy controls. The concentrations of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, and IL‐2) were significantly increased, whereas level of anti‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐10) was markedly decreased in the saliva of psoriasis patients with hyposalivation compared to healthy subjects. Our results demonstrated significant negative correlation of salivary flow rates with the disease severity. No significant correlations were obtained between salivary levels of tested cytokines and salivary flow rates in our study. Findings of the study reflect inflammation of salivary glands with reduced salivary flow rates in psoriasis patients. The inflammatory responses in salivary gland tissues by virtue of increased pro‐inflammatory cytokines concentrations together with lower anti‐inflammatory cytokine levels may have a role in affecting the saliva secretion in psoriasis patients. Secretion of unstimulated saliva in psoriasis patients decreases with the severity and duration of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by predominant visual deficits due to its atrophy of the occipital lobes. Patients typically have preserved cognitive function during the early stages, making diagnosis more difficult when compared to other neurocognitive disorders. In this case, the patient presented predominantly with mood symptoms, delusions, and visual hallucinations. The disease course began 5 years ago with anxiety and insomnia. It developed into depressive symptoms including two suicide attempts (SAs), paranoia, and hallucinations. The diagnosis was eventually reached utilizing a thorough clinical exam, neuropsychological testing, MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), and dopamine transporter (DAT) scans. We conclude that mood or psychotic symptoms that emerge, escalate, or change dramatically at later ages merit further workup to evaluate for underlying neurodegenerative disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this qualitative case study is to examine the phenomenon of female students’ disproportionate representation in senior level Physical Health Education (PHE) classes. The subject for this teacher’s Masters level project arose from the first author’s personal observations while teaching across several schools in British Columbia, Canada. Through semi-structured interviews with self-identified female participants, we explore female subject choice and if, along with possible reasons why, females may avoid participation in senior level (grade 11-12) mixed gender PHE activity courses. This discussion asserts that females mostly make conscious choices to avoid mixed gender courses at the senior level for several key reasons; females feel silenced by their male peers, PHE is not an inclusive environment, and females perceive their male counterparts assert dominance over them in PHE class. This paper continues with a discussion regarding reinforced gendered norms and their effect on perceived barriers to female participation in schools, and concludes with suggestions for how schools and educators might support female students’ participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tramadol (TD) has been prescribed frequently in many countries for more than 40 years, but there is a risk of its misuse and trafficking. As a result, drug analysis has numerous legal and socially relevant implications, making it an essential part of modern analytical chemistry. Thus, the method for the detection of TD and its phase I and phase II metabolites in human urine has been developed and validated using a rapid and efficient approach combining liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with electrospray ionization. The sample preparation was best performed using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Analysis was performed using an HyPRITY Cl8 column, and isocratic elution with methanol: water (35:65) with 0.2% formic acid was used. TD and its metabolites were detected at 264.2 (TD/M0) with a base peak at 58.2, 250.3758 (M1), 250.3124 (M2), 236.3976 (M3), 222.5361 (M4), and 236.4475 (M5) m/z peaks. TD showed linearity between 0.1 and 160 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9981). The accuracy ranged from 95.56 to 100.21% for the three concentration levels, while the between- and within-day RSD ranged from 1.58 to 3.92%. The absolute TD recovery was 96.29, 96.91, and 94.31% for the concentrations of 5, 50, and 150 ng/mL, respectively. TD's phase I metabolites, M1–5 along with nine phase II metabolites, such as sulfo- and glucurono-conjugated metabolites, oxidative TD derivatives, and sulfo-conjugated metabolites were also identified in the urine samples. The pharmacokinetics and metabolism data given provide information for the design of possible future research disorders, evaluating drug mechanism and neurotoxicity and for the effective application screening of TD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α-Synuclein carries multiple functions in neurotransmitter release at neuronal synapses. Its net impact on synaptic release is likely a balance between an inhibitory effect mediated by synaptic vesicle clustering, and a release-promoting effect mediated by SNARE-complex chaperoning and fusion pore opening. Pathologically, α-synuclein aggregates are a hallmark of synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease. α-Synuclein dosage and disease outcome are strongly linked, which has led to the gain-of-toxic function hypothesis. However, loss-of-function of α-synuclein, through sequestering of physiological α-synuclein into aggregates, has recently gained attention as a potential pathogenic mechanism, supported by reduced functional α-synuclein in human PD tissue. Current therapeutic strategies have mostly aimed at reducing α-synuclein levels, with little benefit so far. If α-synuclein loss-of-function contributes to disease pathogenesis, these strategies may be even expected to worsen disease outcome. α-Synuclein is a neuronal protein that is enriched in presynaptic terminals. Under physiological conditions, it binds to synaptic vesicle membranes and functions in neurotransmitter release, although the molecular details remain unclear, and it is controversial whether α-synuclein inhibits or facilitates neurotransmitter release. Pathologically, in synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease (PD), α-synuclein forms aggregates that recruit monomeric α-synuclein and spread throughout the brain, which triggers neuronal dysfunction at molecular, cellular, and organ levels. Here, we present an overview of the effects of α-synuclein on SNARE-complex assembly, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic vesicle pool homeostasis, and discuss how the observed divergent effects of α-synuclein on neurotransmitter release can be reconciled. We also discuss how gain-of-function versus loss-of-function of α-synuclein may contribute to pathogenesis in synucleinopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we studied the influence of interest rates on a US-based real estate private equity index as well US Wilshire public equity REIT Index. The interest rates that are chosen as independent variables include Monthly LIBOR, Yearly LIBOR and the Federal Cost of Funds Index. The dependent variables include US-based real estate private equity index that includes quarterly returns of 1,035 real estate funds, including liquidated funds formed between 1986 and 2018. The other dependent variable is the US Wilshire REIT Index. The variance of returns of interest rates considerably influences the variance of returns of the US PERE Index, whereas variance of returns of interest rates doesn't influence the variance of returns of the US Wilshire REIT Index. Also, the real estate index is positively correlated to interest rates and so rising interest rates influence the returns of US PERE Index in a positive manner. The study shows that private equity real estate investors should expect higher return as the cost of funds increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aims to evaluate the existing literature on Vaccine Supply Chain Management (VSCM). All relevant articles between 2002 and 2022 were systematically collected. The retrieved articles were further analyzed using bibliometric data analysis techniques. The unit of analysis is research papers published from 2002 to 2022. Vaccine Supply Chain Management (VSCM) literature has gained prominence since early 2000 and has now become voluminous. A review is the first endeavor to provide a unified body of literature. This study contributes to the existing research through insights from the bibliometric analysis and critical measurement of the literature. The results show 4288 papers on VSCM in the last 20 years. The top five countries contributing to VSCM literature are the USA, France, China, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland. Supply chain, vaccine, immunization, and Vaccine Supply Chain Management are the high-frequency keywords in the area of VSCM. The research hotspots mainly focus on healthcare, drugs, and manufacturers. In light of the COVID-19 era, this review paper indicates the area of VSCM is diversified. This study is useful for policymakers and other stakeholders to understand the existing issues in VSCM. The research trends and patterns from the literature review of VSCM will help in designing AAA (agile, adaptive, and aligned) VSCM in the future from the viewpoint of public health. This study attempts to analyze existing works, trends, developments, and potential research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma is a polygenic chronic inflammatory respiratory disease devastating the quality of life and state economies. Therefore, utilization of natural products as a therapeutic approach has attained wider consideration for development of novel drugs for asthma management. Bromelain, a mixture of natural bioactive cysteine proteases abundantly found in pineapple stem, has allured attention for its pharmacological activities. However, poor stability in gastric milieu, high dose and immunogenicity associated with prolonged use hinders its oral use. Therefore, need exists to explore alternative route of bromelain administration to achieve its plausible benefits. The present study investigated the preclinical prospects of nasal administration of bromelain on systemic bioavailability, tissue distribution and it's in vivo anti-histaminic, bronchodilator and anti-asthmatic activity in animal models. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed 1.43-fold higher relative bioavailability with faster absorption of bromelain on nasal administration at one-fourth oral dose. The enhanced cellular uptake and localization of bromelain in tissues of lung was observed significantly. Furthermore, faster onset and enhanced antihistaminic, bronchodilator and anti-asthmatic activity on bromelain's nasal administration signified faster absorption and higher in vivo stability of bromelain. Nasal administration significantly achieved decrease in level of oxidative and immunological markers along with restoration of antioxidant enzymes at considerably one-fourth dose administered orally. These findings distinctly manifested that nasal administration could be a substantial and effective route for bromelain delivery with enduring competency in asthma management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 4-allyl guaiacol is a natural phenolic molecule that has been widely studied for its antioxidant capacity against reactive-oxygen-species-mediated cellular damage. Therefore, we hypothesized that concomitant use of an antioxidant and NSAID may decrease the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity and make the therapy safer. To address the gastrointestinal toxicity of conventional NSAIDs, a new S-naproxen-4-allyl guaiacol chimera (MAS-1696) was computationally developed, chemically synthesized, and tested for anti-inflammatory effectiveness and gastrointestinal safety. The inhibitory potency of MAS-1696 tested against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), 15-lipoxygenase-2 (15-LOX2), and lipoxygenase-5 (5-LOX) in vitro revealed a stronger inhibition of COX2. Furthermore, the MAS-1696 chimera increased the COX selectivity index by 23% as compared to the parent compound naproxen, implying higher efficacy and gastric safety. In vivo data showed that MAS-1696 was less likely to cause gastrointestinal harm than naproxen while also exerting anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects equivalent to or superior to naproxen. In conclusion, MAS-1696 is orally active, bio-labile, and crystalline, making it a medication that may be administered orally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (B-DUMP) is a paraneoplastic disorder that may be seen in patients with a known malignancy but more commonly is seen in those without any history of cancer. It leads to multiple uveal tumors with exudative retinal detachment along with thickening of the choroid and generally carries a poor prognosis. Its etio-pathogenesis is poorly understood but is said to involve factors secreted by the systemic malignancy that lead to proliferation of melanocytes in the uvea. We report the presentation and management of a female with history of treated frontal lobe meningioma who presented with neovascular glaucoma along with B-DUMP and was found to have recurrence of the meningioma on neuro-imaging. Central nervous system meningiomas can cause B-DUMP and management of the malignancy may lead to partial resolution of posterior segment manifestations of B-DUMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating magnitude of electronic garbage (e-waste) poses significant challenges for individuals, communities, and businesses within the economy. The global accumulation of electronic waste (e-waste) is increasing, accompanied by a lack of sustainable disposal methods due to the limited implementation of Circular Economy (CE) principles such as recycling and responsible resource exploitation. While there has been an observed increase in environmental awareness among individuals over the past decade, particularly among the demographic known as "Millennials," there is a dearth of study pertaining to their electronic trash disposal practises. Furthermore, there is a need to investigate the influence of external factors such as Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and perceived Usage of Online collection portal. Consequently, the present study has put forth a theoretical framework in order to investigate the perceived behavior of millennials towards the disposal of electronic trash (E-waste). The purpose of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is to anticipate the perceived e-waste disposal behavior of millennials. This objective was empirically tested using a sample size of 305 respondents using structural equation modelling. The results indicate a positive correlation between millennials' intentions to dispose of e-waste and their attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The emergence of electronic eWOM has been recognized as an important factor in earlier research. In this study, we have examined the moderating influence of eWOM on E-waste disposal behavior. However, our findings suggest that eWOM has a major impact solely on the attitudes of millennials. Moreover, the influence of the online collecting site exhibits a substantial moderating impact on all the variables of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The current study proposes the implementation of a take-back plan through e-commerce websites, tailored to the behavioural intents of millennials. This solution carries significant theoretical and practical implications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This self-study addresses the embedded racism experienced by a racialized female professor who taught in the USA during Trump's presidency. The article presents two incidents that reflect the emboldened racist behaviors and actions of teacher education students during the Trump administration. The study is based on the author's experiences as a racialized female faculty member in the Midwest. Using critical pedagogy and critical race theory frameworks, the article argues that racism needs to be dismantled in spaces of teacher education programs that have been deeply impacted by the ultra-right politics of the Trump administration. This article calls attention to endemic racism, particularly as experienced by racialized faculty. The author calls on teacher educators to take action in response to such incidents and in support of racialized faculty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aims to examine the influence of Sustainable Human Resource Management (SHRM) practices and Industry 4.0 Technologies (I4Te) adoption on the Employability Skills (ES) of the employees. The study has undertaken four major SHRM practices – Training (TR), Flexibility (FL), Employee Participation (EP) and Employee Empowerment (EE) to measure its impact on the ES along with I4Te. Design/methodology/approach: A survey approach method was designed on the identified constructs from existing literature based on SHRM, I4Te and ES. The survey resulted into 198 valid responses. The study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 25.0 for constructs validation and hypothesis testing. Findings: The current study reveals that all the four SHRM practices (TR, FL, EP and EE) along with I4Te directly influence ES in the organisation. The I4Te along with the SHRM practices may bring enhancement in the skills and competencies of the employees that is the requirement of future organisations. Practical implications: Considering the results, the SHRM practices aligned with I4Te may directly influence the employee's ES including core skills, IT skills and personal attributes. The SHRM practices in the organisation will enhance the opportunities for the employees and bring long-term association with the employees. Social implications: For the development of the economy and the individual, the SHRM practices need to conduct themselves in more socially responsible ways along with the I4Te to enhance the ES of the employees. The individual development will bring sustainable behavioural changes in the employees. Originality/value: There has been no research conducted on exploring SHRM, I4Te and ES together. This is the pioneer in the HRM fields that explores the interrelationships and influence amongst the five constructs undertaken in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coaxial electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyethersulfone (PES) based nanofibers were prepared and was used for filtration of fluoride from drinking water for the first time. Well defined fiber geometry was obtained at 1 ml/h of core polymer, i.e., PES flow rate, 1.4 ml/h of shell polymer, i.e., PAN flow rate, voltage of 22 kV, while the distance between the needle tip and the collector was 15–17 cm. Increase in bead like structure in fiber strands was observed with higher PAN concentration, while it decreased for lower PES concentration, thereby giving an optimum composition (6 wt% PAN and 10 wt% PES) for uniform fiber morphology. This nanofiber, abbreviated as N2 acted as an ultrafiltration membrane having permeability in the lower range, i.e., 0.5 × 10−11 m/s Pa and its fluoride removal efficacy was 46%. Fibers were also hydrophilic with considerable porous nature. Uptake of fluoride by this N2 nanofibers were evident from binding energy of 685.2 eV during XPS analysis. It is probable that nitrile and sulfone groups present in the core and shell of the nanofibers played an active in fluoride uptake, which was estimated as 110 mg/g at 298 K. Isoelectric point was in alkaline range which promoted negative fluoride ion uptake on positive nanofiber surface. Lead played higher masking effect in the uptake of fluoride in comparison to arsenic as coexisting ion. Dynamic cross flow filtration was also studied with this nanofiber in both synthetic and real life feed solution. [Display omitted] • Polymeric coaxial electrospun nanofibers were prepared under optimum conditions. • Best shaped fibers contained 6 wt% PAN and 10 wt% of PES. • Maximum fluoride uptake was reported as 110 mg/g at 298 K. • Pure water flux was 39 L/m2h at 344.7 kPa and 30 l/h. • Dynamic filtration showed 6 h breakthrough time at standard operating condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A meta-analysis of mean differences and variability assessing peripheral levels of CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in individuals with BD and controls was conducted. • Levels of IL-1β were unaltered relative to controls. • Levels of IL-6, TNF-α and CRP were elevated in acute mood states relative to controls. • Only levels of IL-6 were elevated regardless of mood states (trait marker). • Our findings provide evidence that BD is characterized by peripheral immune activation. It is unclear whether differences exist in the magnitude and variability of pro-inflammatory mediators in the different phases of bipolar disorder (BD) and among subjects with BD, as compared to healthy controls. To run a comparative meta-analysis of C-Reactive Protein (CRP), IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α in BD vs healthy controls, measuring mean and variability effects on all subjects. Sensitivity analyses include disease activity. Systematic review of observational studies in PubMed and PsycInfo up to February 2nd, 2020. Case-control studies reporting inflammatory mediators' levels in BD and controls. Summary distribution measures of circulating CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in participants with BD and control groups were extracted. Random-effects multivariate meta-analyses were conducted based on individual study/mediator effect sizes (Hedge's g). Co-primary outcomes were inflammatory mediators' levels (Hedge's g) and variability (coefficient of variance ratio (CVR)) differences between participants with BD across the mood spectrum and controls. Out of the initial 729 papers, 72 were assessed and then excluded after full-text review, and ultimately 53 studies were included in the systematic review, while 49 were included in the meta-analysis. The mean age was 36.96 (SD: 9.29) years, and the mean female percentage was 56.31 (SD: 16.61). CRP (g = 0.70, 95% CI 0.31–1.09, k = 37, BD = 2,215 vs HC = 3,750), IL-6 (g = 0.81, 95% CI 0.46–1.16, k = 45, BD = 1,956 vs HC = 4,106), TNF-α (g = 0.49, 95% CI 0.19–0.78, k = 49, BD = 2,231 vs HC = 3,017) were elevated in subjects with BD vs HC, but not IL-1β (g = -0.28, 95% CI −0.68–0.12, k = 4, BD = 87 vs HC = 66). When considering euthymic, depressive, and manic episodes separately, CRP and TNF-α were elevated in both depressive and manic episodes, but not in euthymia, while IL-6 remained elevated regardless of the disease state. No difference in CVR emerged for CRP, IL-1β, and TNF-α, while a lower CVR was observed for IL-6. When considering disease phases, CVR was higher in BD than in HCs for CRP during depressive episodes, lower for IL-6 during euthymia, and higher during manic episodes for CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α. Sensitivity analyses after excluding outliers identified with funnel plot visual inspection, low-quality studies, and considering only studies matched per body mass index confirmed the main results. Meta-regression showed that age (IL-6, TNF-α), gender (CRP), duration of illness (CRP) moderated elevated individual inflammatory levels. Peripheral pro-inflammatory marker elevations were confirmed in BD. CRP and TNF-α could represent state markers, as they were only elevated during mood episodes, while IL-6 appeared to be a trait marker for BD. Increased variability of specific inflammatory mediators in specific disease active states suggests that a subset of subjects with BD may exhibit elevated inflammation as part of a manic or depressive episode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postage stamps are a significant visual text of an issuing state. In 1947, British India was divided into independent states of India and Pakistan. The successive new regimes in both countries got the freedom to design, print, and circulate the official visual iconography through postage stamps as a symbol of sovereignty for its citizens and the world community. This article explores how India and Pakistan visualized the narrative of national identity and discourse on development through postage stamps in the first two decades of their independence. The article does not intend to retell the narrative of the postcolonial nation-building process in the subcontinent. Instead, the objective is to introduce postage stamps as a primary visual resource for exploring the contours of public history of India and Pakistan by arguing that stamps retain its importance as excellent visual archives for postcolonial scholarly analysis in the age of new media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered by some to be a prodromal phase of a progressive disease (i.e., neurodegeneration) resulting in dementia; however, a substantial portion of individuals (ranging from 5-30%) remain cognitively stable over the long term (sMCI). The etiology of sMCI is unclear but may be linked to cerebrovascular disease (CVD), as evidence from longitudinal studies suggest a significant proportion of individuals with vasculopathy remain stable over time.Objective: To quantify the presence of neurodegenerative and vascular pathologies in individuals with long-term (>5-year) sMCI, in a preliminary test of the hypothesis that CVD may be a contributor to non-degenerative cognitive impairment. We expect frequent vasculopathy at autopsy in sMCI relative to neurodegenerative disease, and relative to individuals who convert to dementia.Methods: In this retrospective study, using data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, individuals with sMCI (n = 28) were compared to those with MCI who declined over a 5 to 9-year period (dMCI; n = 139) on measures of neurodegenerative pathology (i.e., Aβ plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, TDP-43, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy) and CVD (infarcts, lacunes, microinfarcts, hemorrhages, and microbleeds).Results: Alzheimer's disease pathology (Aβ plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy) was significantly higher in the dMCI group than the sMCI group. Microinfarcts were the only vasculopathy associated with group membership; these were more frequent in sMCI.Conclusion: The most frequent neuropathology in this sample of long-term sMCI was microinfarcts, tentatively suggesting that silent small vessel disease may characterize non-worsening cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are at least 13 distinct progressive neurodegenerative disorders unified by the accumulation of lysosomal auto‐fluorescent material called lipofuscin. The only form that occurs via autosomal‐dominant inheritance exhibits adult onset and is sometimes referred to as Parry type NCL. The manifestations may include behavioral symptoms followed by seizures, ataxia, dementia, and early death. Mutations in the gene DNAJC5 that codes for the presynaptic co‐chaperone cysteine string protein‐α (CSPα) were recently reported in sporadic adult‐onset cases and in families with dominant inheritance. The mutant CSPα protein may lead to disease progression by both loss and gain of function mechanisms. Iron chelation therapy may be considered as a possible pharmaceutical intervention based on our recent mechanism‐based proposal of CSPα oligomerization via ectopic Fe‐S cluster‐binding, summarized in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance and desire for preliminary testing approaches that are straightforward, quick, selective, affordable, and practical for use in the field are highlighted by the increasing enormous amounts of potentially illegal samples being seized worldwide. The “z-drugs,” which include zolpidem, zopiclone, and eszopiclone, are non-benzodiazepine medications used to treat insomnia. z-drugs are short-term solutions for sleeplessness and anxiety but have a long history of abuse and misuse. The extensive list is primarily utilized for drug-facilitated crimes and drug dependence. The presumptive color spot test for z-drugs, such as zolpidem, zopiclone, and eszopiclone, has been created and validated in this study. In the preliminary identification of zolpidem, zopiclone, and eszopiclone, no color spot test has been documented as per the literature. The color spot test is the most essential and routinely used technique for identifying any unknown sample substance. The color test method was proven to provide high-quality, dependable presumptive test findings and satisfy standards for preliminary screening usage. Validation experiments demonstrate that, at room temperature, the color change is specific to the zolpidem, zopiclone, and eszopiclone classes and unaffected by the common cutting agent’s presence. It was discovered that 5, 10, and 6 ppm were the operational limit of detection of the sample present against the reagents 0.1% diphenyl carbazone, aqueous potassium iodoplatinate, and modified cobalt thiocyanate reagent, respectively. The color test is immediate and validated with other substances of a similar category and 10 ppm was the operational limit of detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes a process of extraction of high purity sodium nitrate from corrosive chemical industry effluents. Here, we have designed a process to convert highly corrosive effluents of ceramic industries having pH ~13.1 into sodium nitrate nanoparticles. The extraction of sodium nitrate has been carried out via neutralization of industrial effluent by nitric acid. We have also studied the effect of low boiling point co‐solvent during recrystallization of sodium nitrate. TEM studies of sodium nitrate extracted from the filtrate in the absence of co‐solvent show the formation of nanoparticle of ~70 nm. Further, a drastic decrease in particle size to 10 nm has been observed when co‐solvents (methanol, ethanol, and acetone) were used in combination with filtrate during the recrystallization process of sodium nitrate. Thermal properties of sodium nitrate extracted from filtrate have been investigated. Our result indicates that the nanoparticles extracted from filtrate having very high heat storage density (453 J/g) without hampering the melting point and boiling point of the materials. Practitioner points: The new chemical process has been developed to treat the industrial effluentExtraction of nanostructured sodium nitrate has been carried from industrial effluentThe particle size of sodium nitrate drastically influenced by the used co‐solvent for recrystallizationThe highest heat storage density is 453 J/g, which was obtained from the recrystallization of the filtrate [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between the level of motivation and personality disorder (PD) in patients with opioid dependence syndrome is understudied. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutively selected 100 adult inpatients with opioid dependence syndrome. All participants were assessed on ICD-10-AM Symptom Checklist for Mental Disorders, University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA), Stage of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES 8D), International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE), and Severity of Opioid Dependence Questionnaire (SODQ). Results: Most patients expressed the level of motivation at contemplation level, medium level of recognition for the need for change, and high levels of ambivalence and taking steps for change. PD was diagnosed in 40% of the patients. The most common PD identified was dissocial, followed by an emotionally unstable personality disorder-impulsive type. There was no statistically significant difference in URICA, SOCRATES 8D, or SODQ scores in opioid-dependent patients with and without PDs. Patients with severe opioid dependence reported higher readiness to change. Conclusion: Most of the patients with opioid dependence syndrome presenting for treatment are at the contemplation level of motivation. More than one-third of patients with opioid dependence syndrome have PD. A diagnosis of comorbid PD is unrelated to the level of motivation in patients with opioid dependence syndrome. Further multicentric research on personality and PD in a diverse sociocultural population with opioid use disorders is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was focussed on development of curcumin loaded solid binary lipid nanoparticles (C-SBLNs) to ameliorate stability, uptake and therapeutic potential of curcumin during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). C-SBLNs with nano-size range (210.56 ± 41.22 nm) and high entrapment efficiency (83.12 ± 6.57%) were prepared by solvent emulsification evaporation method using binary lipids i.e. stearic acid and tristearin after optimizing various formulation and process variables. Physicochemical characterization of C-SBLNs by ATR-FTIR confirmed drug entrapment whereas thermal and pXRD study corroborated loss of crystallinity of drug into C-SBLNs. Lyophilized C-SBLNs were found to be spherical shaped with good gastrointestinal stability and prolonged drug release up to 24 h. Optimized C-SBLNs formulation displayed significantly enhanced cellular uptake and localization in inflamed tissues during IBD. Oral administration of C-SBLNs in DSS induced colitis model revealed significant reduction in leucocyte infiltration, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) secretion and maintenance of colonic structure similar to healthy animal group compared to curcumin. Thus, in vitro and preclinical findings of study clearly confirmed that C-SBLNs could be a stable and efficacious alternative platform for curcumin delivery with strong competence in IBD chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finite element (FE) model of a square cantilevered plate instrumented with a piezoelectric sensor and an actuator is created using Hamilton's principle. Rotational degrees of freedom (dofs) of the FE model are eliminated using system equivalent reduction expansion process (SEREP). Experimental mode shapes and natural frequencies are extracted from the structure using high speed cameras and digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Initial FE model is updated using experimental mode shapes and natural frequencies by well-known Berman and Nagy approach. Updated FE model thus derived is further reduced to first three modes using orthonormal modal reduction technique. Modal model of the smart plate is then used to derive state space model of the smart plate. Two Kalman observers are constructed: one using initial FE model and other using updated FE model. Active vibration control experiments are conducted on the cantilevered using these two Kalman observers in the control law. It is observed that much better vibration suppression occurs when Kalman observer based on updated FE model is used in the control law. Strategy suggested in this work to implement a typical active vibration control scheme on a structure is simple and yet very effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggressive breast cancer subtypes utilize system xc-, a membrane antiporter, to import cystine for glutathione synthesis and maintenance of redox homeostasis, in turn releasing glutamate as a metabolic pro-nociceptive by-product. Metastatic breast cancers establish themselves at distal sites including bone, where changes in extracellular glutamate levels contribute to cancer-induced bone pain. We previously established that stearically blocking system xc - activity with sulfasalazine delays the onset of nociceptive behaviours and that xCT, the functional antiporter subunit, is positively regulated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In the current investigation, a murine xenograft cancer-induced bone pain model was applied to examine whether pharmacological inhibition of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) induces changes in nociception. A high glutamate-releasing, xCT/pSTAT3 over-expressing human breast cancer cell line was selected for injection into the distal epiphysis of the right femur of female nude mice. A 14-day regimen of intraperitoneal injections with either vehicle or the novel STAT3 inhibitor DR-1-55 commenced three weeks after initial intrafemoral bone injection. Nociceptive behaviours were temporally monitored by automated von Frey, dynamic weight bearing and open-field testing for the duration of the study, beginning at the baseline. Prior to sacrifice and at ethical end point, tumour-induced osteolytic lesions were radiographically assessed. Treatment with DR-1-55 significantly delayed the onset and severity of spontaneous and induced nociceptive behaviours, also decreasing human SLC7A11 (xCT) mRNA levels in tumour-bearing limbs without altering osteolysis. In addition, two pro-inflammatory cytokines released by this cell line, interleukin 6 and interleukin 1b, were also down-regulated at the mRNA level in response to DR-1-55 treatment in vivo, with lower human interleukin 6 levels detected in the host circulation. This study demonstrates that targeting pSTAT3 may be a viable therapeutic means to manage cancer-induced bone pain, alone or in combination with stearic system xc - blockers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical and surface analytical study on the corrosion behavior of AISI 316L stainless steel orthodontic archwire in different fruit juices was carried out. The electrochemical parameters were measured after immersing the wires for approx. 24 h in artificial saliva (AS) containing different fruit juices and separately in fruit juices with 1% NaCl in AS. All the fruit juices used in this study increased the rate of corrosion process in AS in the presence or absence of salt. Addition of 1% NaCl to the AS, all experiments exhibited pitting. Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato) and Durio zibethinus (Amra) are rated as most detrimental to the surface followed by Prunus domestica Linn. (Plum) juice. SEM Micrographs of the specimens show formation of blisters onto the steel surface which are remnants of passive film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a new optimization criterion is proposed for optimal placement of an actuator over a structure to generate desired vibrations. Linear quadratic tracking (LQT) control is used to generate desired vibrations. To solve optimization problem, genetic algorithm (GA) has been employed as an optimization technique. Proposed optimization criterion is applied on a simple two degrees of freedom system having a hypothetical actuator. Second order model of two degrees of freedom system is converted into a state space model. Thereafter, optimal tracking control law is applied on the state space model. Effect of location of an actuator on the performance of optimal control system is observed. It is found that by placing the hypothetical actuator at an optimal location suggested by GA, optimal control strategy is very effective in tracking the desired vibrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Although mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is generally considered a risk state for dementia, its prevalence and association with dementia are impacted by the number of tests and cut-points used to assess cognition and define "impairment," and sources of norms. Here, we investigate how these methodological variations impact estimates of incident dementia in adults with bipolar disorder (BD), a vulnerable population with pre-existing cognitive deficits and increased dementia risk. Method: Neuropsychological data from 148 adults with BD and 13,610 healthy controls (HC) were drawn from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. BD participants' scores were standardized against published norms and again using regression-based norms generated from HC within the same catchment area as individual BD patients ("site-specific norms"), varying the number of within-domain tests (one vs. two) and the cut-points (−1 vs. −1.5 SD) used to operationalize MCI. Results: Site-specific norms were more sensitive to incident dementia (88.6%–94.3%) than published norms (74.3%–88.6%), but only when using a "single test" definition of impairment. Specificity (22.1%–74.3%), accuracy (37.8%–68.9%), and positive predictive values (26.1%–38.3%) were overall poor. Applying a "single test" definition of impairment resulted in better negative predictive values using site-specific (92.3%–93.3%) than published norms (83.6%–86.2%), and a substantial increase in relative risk of incident dementia relative to published norms. Conclusions: Neuropsychologists should define "impairment" as scores below −1.0 or −1.5 SD on at least two within-domain measures when using published norms to interpret cognitive performance in adults with BD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: As the population is becoming more aware regarding the doctor-patient relationship, it has become imperative that the clinician becomes more aware as well. Surrogacy is a procedure being increasingly used by childless couples, and it involves a direct relationship between the doctor and the biological as well as intending parents. Materials and Method: The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of medical students regarding surrogacy and its legal aspects. Results and Conclusions: The study revealed that though the students are well aware of the science and principles behind surrogacy, there exists a lacunae as far as the knowledge of its legal framework and guidelines are concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi walled carbon nano tube (MWCNT)/epoxy nanocomposite strain sensor and piezoelectric actuator pair are used in active vibration control (AVC) of a smart cantilevered beam. Due to different coefficients of thermal expansion of MWCNT and epoxy, the resistance of carbon nanotube/epoxy based strain sensor changes nonlinearly with change in temperature. The temperature dependence of CNT based strain sensor is modelled by fitting a polynomial curve on the experimentally obtained characterization data of CNT/epoxy strain sensor. Using augmented constitutive equations of piezoelectricity, finite element model of smart cantilevered beam instrumented with collocated nanocomposite strain sensor and PZT-5H actuator is derived. Effect of temperature on PZT-5H actuator is also considered in derivation of the control law. Active vibration control of the first mode of a smart cantilevered beam instrumented with collocated CNT based strain sensor and PZT-5H actuator is performed at ambient temperature and at temperature slightly away from the ambient temperature for two cases: (1) without considering the temperature dependence of CNT composite strain sensor in Kalman observer and (2) considering the temperature dependence of CNT composite strain sensor in Kalman observer. Simulations are also performed to visualize the behaviour of smart beam when the beam is subjected to a temperature impulse. This paper suggests a novel AVC strategy using MWCNT/epoxy strain sensor and PZT-5H actuator patch that is robust to variations in temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws awareness to the subtle and seeping “common sense” mentality of neoliberalism and deficit thinking assumptions about racially marginalized students in inner-city schools. From a literature review conducted on deficit thinking and deficit practices in schools, I developed three different frameworks for understanding the roots of deficit thinking: (a) pseudo-scientific, (b) sociological-cultural, and (c) socioeconomic. This article examines the serious ethical implications of disengagement, internalized deficit beliefs, and being “pushed out” of school that arise from each framework. I argue that these implications, in conjunction with neoliberal agendas for schooling, have a double negative impact on the schooling experiences of racially marginalized students who attend inner-city schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is a Gram‐negative obligate intracellular pathogen of humans that causes significant morbidity from sexually transmitted and ocular diseases globally. Ct acquires host fatty acids (FA) to meet the metabolic and growth requirements of the organism. Lipid droplets (LDs) are storehouses of FAs in host cells and have been proposed to be a source of FAs for the parasitophorous vacuole, termed inclusion, in which Ct replicates. Previously, cells devoid of LDs were shown to produce reduced infectious progeny at 24 hr postinfection (hpi). Here, although we also found reduced progeny at 24 hpi, there were significantly more progeny at 48 hpi in the absence of LDs compared to the control wild‐type (WT) cells. These findings were confirmed using transmission electron microscopy where cells without LDs were shown to have significantly more metabolically active reticulate bodies at 24 hpi and significantly more infectious but metabolically inert elementary bodies at 48 hpi than WT cells. Furthermore, by measuring basal oxygen consumption rates (OCR) using extracellular flux analysis, Ct infected cells without LDs had higher OCRs at 24 hpi than cells with LDs, confirming ongoing metabolic activity in the absence of LDs. Although the FA oleic acid is a major source of phospholipids for Ct and stimulates LD synthesis, treatment with oleic acid, but not other FAs, enhanced growth and led to an increase in basal OCR in both LD depleted and WT cells, indicating that FA transport to the inclusion is not affected by the loss of LDs. Our results show that Ct regulates inclusion metabolic activity and growth in response to host FA availability in the absence of LDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control of structural vibrations has significant applications in manufacturing, infrastructure engineering, aerospace engineering and various consumer products. In last two decades, considerable attention has been focused to suppress structural vibrations using active vibration control technique. Various researchers have proposed various optimization criteria for optimal placement of piezoelectric patches over a smart structure to suppress vibrations using various optimization techniques. This paper presents a review of various optimization criteria and techniques that have been used by various researchers in the field of smart structures. Mathematical expressions of objective functions of twelve optimization criteria have been presented and their justifications have been reasoned. Step by step procedures of commonly used optimization techniques have also been presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This anticipated consumer demand has put unprecedented pressure on natural resources. Being the highest contributor in the energy transition, Oil & gas (O&G) industry needs to lessen the negative impact of climate change and natural disasters. To combat the impact of emissions and a move towards circularity, O&G industry has undertaken numerous initiatives including energy efficiency, process fuel improvements, and technological transformation etc. But due to certain barriers O&G industry is unable to embrace Circular Economy (CE) implementation in the firms. Therefore, this study has proposed a model to examine the existing critical barriers and suggest strategies to overcome the barriers. The current study has employed an extensive analysis using a hybrid methodology of Fuzzy-DEMATEL (F-DEMATEL) and Best Worst Method (BWM) for assessing the barriers and ranking the strategies. The results showed that 'knowledge barriers' are the most critical in the O&G industry that hampers the implementation of CE currently. Further, the strategies 'Developing collaborative model' and 'Internal research and development, innovation' are the two most significant strategies that may help to reduce the barriers to a minimum. The findings, social and environmental implications are beneficial for the stakeholders and policy-makers to support the transition to CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to understand how green logistics affects Circular Economy (CE) adoption in the era of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). By taking many green initiatives, the logistics sector is showing its serious concern towards environmental issues. Stakeholders look forward to implementing sustainable logistics and circular practices to deal with these critical issues such as waste generation, resource scarcity, use of renewable resources, climate change etc. This study examines the relationships between green logistics practices, I4.0 technologies, and CE adoption The study also examines the moderating effect of institutional pressure and supply chain flexibility on the aforementioned relationships. A total of 162 responses were collected and a Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method was employed to analyse the data; this method has high predictive power. The results from the study are: a) firms can enhance CE adoption driven by I4.0 technologies with green logistics practices as a mediator b) the moderating effect of supply chain flexibility is found to be significant whereas the moderating effect of institutional pressure is found to be insignificant. This study provides several managerial and theoretical implications. [Display omitted] • Examined the influence of green logistics practices on Circular Economy (CE) adoption. • Explored the mediating effect of green logistics on Industry 4.0 and CE adoption. • Discovered Institution Pressure moderate the green logistics practices for CE adoption. • Measured impact of supply chain flexibility on green logistics practices and CE adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel technique for Active Vibration Control (AVC) based on updated mathematical model of a mechanical structure. Vibrations of a smart plate instrumented with PZT sensor and actuator are suppressed using a negative velocity feedback controller. The AVC controllers are designed and compared for two cases. In first case it is assumed that there is a mismatch between the analytical model and the actual structure. In the second case the mismatch in analytical model and actual structure is compensated using direct method of model updating. Numerical simulations carried out in MATLAB software for these two cases demonstrate the improvement in performance of the AVC controller when updation is carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detoxification of harmful dyes through nonconventional catalytic processes is getting thrust in light of environmental remediation. Current work reveals synthesis of gold-titania (Au/TiO) mesoporous nanostructure and its enhanced photocatalytic performance for degradation of alizarin dye. Optically, Au/TiO shows a characteristic surface plasmonic absorption band at 520 nm, whereas X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern reveals the anatase phase of TiO with fcc unit cell structure and tetragonal geometry. X-ray photon spectroscopy depicts (Au 4 f at 84.0 and Au 4 f at 87.7 eV) the elemental state of gold (Au). Specific surface area was witnessed to decrease with increase of Au content (169, 141, 130, and 119 m/g for 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%, respectively). The mesoporous Au/TiO nanocomposite showed higher catalytic performance in comparison to commercial nano-TiO (P25), which is credited to better charge delocalization at metal semiconductor interface. The reusability studies of the photocatalyst exhibited more than 98% degradation of the dye even after 10 consecutive cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

g-C 3 N 4 -TiO 2 nanocomposites have been synthesized by simple chemical route with high photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. Different weight ratio of catalyst were used for the photodegradation of Rhodamine B dye. It was observed that the composite with 2:1 wt ratio of g-C 3 N 4 and TiO 2 respectively shows maximum photocatalytic activity with photocatalytic rate as ∼0.17 min −1 which is ∼10 times higher than pure TiO 2 . At an optimal concentration of g-C 3 N 4 , lifetime of the excited electrons was found to increase from 2.65 to 10.20 ns in the composite compared to TiO 2, suggesting efficient separation of electrons and holes. The favorable band position of g-C 3 N 4 and composite supports the increase in the charge separation rate of electron and hole during photocatalytic reaction. The role of active species involved in the degradation of the organic dye during photocatalysis by g-C 3 N 4 -TiO 2 has been investigated (like radical species). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel technique is proposed for generating desired transient vibrations in a structure. Cantilevered plate structure is instrumented with one piezoelectric sensor patch and one piezoelectric actuator patch. Quadrilateral plate finite element having three degrees of freedom at each node is employed to divide the plate into finite elements. Thereafter, Hamilton's principle is used to derive equations of motion of the smart plate. Finite-element model is reduced to first three modes using orthonormal modal truncation and subsequently, the reduced finite-element model is converted into a state-space model. Optimal tracking control is then applied to the state-space model of the smart plate. Using this optimal controller, cantilevered plate is made to vibrate as per desired decay curves of first three modes. Simulation results show that presented optimal control strategy is very effective in simultaneously tracking first three vibration modes of the smart plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel technique is presented for exciting desired transient vibrations in a structure. A cantilevered plate instrumented with piezoelectric sensor and actuator is used as a test-structure. Finite element model of the test-plate is developed using Hamilton's principle. Finite element model is reduced to first two modes using orthonormal modal truncation and then this reduced model is converted into a state-space model. Tracking optimal control is then employed to obtain desired transient curves simultaneously, of first two modes of vibration. Theoretical findings are verified by conducting experiments, for experimentation, Kalman observer is used to estimate first two modes and Labview software is used for interfacing. Presented strategy can be used to do dynamic vibration testing of a product by forcing the product to experience same transient vibrations that it is expected to experience in field. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Synthesis of gold nanoparticles dispersed uniformly on mesoporous silica (mAu/SiO2) by homogeneous deposition-precipitation (HDP) method is used as an effective catalyst for reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. Silica provides support and surface area to increase the catalytic activity of gold. X-ray photon spectroscopy revealed binding energy of Au 4 (84.0eV) and Au 4 (87.7eV) which support the formation of Au0 on SiO2 surface. Au/SiO2 showed Langmuir type-IV isotherms which are the characteristic features of mesoporous materials furthermore, pore size decreases with incorporation of Au NP's on SiO2 surface. The enhancement is due to the strong interaction of Au0 with silica support. The catalytic conversion was studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantification method, which shows conversion of nitro group into amino group. In addition, the catalyst was easily separated and reused. The reusability of the catalyst exhibited better reduction of the 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol even after 10 consecutive cycles. In comparison to trisodium citrate capped pure gold nanoparticles mAu/SiO2 catalysts showed very good catalytic activity toward nitrophenol reduction. Here we conclude that embedment of metal catalysts like Au into high surface area support like silica is a positive step toward development of novel heterogeneous catalysts. This study demonstrates the synthesis of silica-embedded Au nanocomposites and their catalytic in.uence on the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. Higher loading of Au (4wt%) resulted in the better catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newer generation antidepressant drugs (ADs) are widely used as the first line of treatment for major depressive disorders and are considered to be safer than tricyclic agents. In this critical review, we evaluated the literature on adverse events, tolerability and safety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone, agomelatine, vilazodone, levomilnacipran and vortioxetine. Several side effects are transient and may disappear after a few weeks following treatment initiation, but potentially serious adverse events may persist or ensue later. They encompass gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, diarrhea, gastric bleeding, dyspepsia), hepatotoxicity, weight gain and metabolic abnormalities, cardiovascular disturbances (heart rate, QT interval prolongation, hypertension, orthostatic hypotension), genitourinary symptoms (urinary retention, incontinence), sexual dysfunction, hyponatremia, osteoporosis and risk of fractures, bleeding, central nervous system disturbances (lowering of seizure threshold, extrapyramidal side effects, cognitive disturbances), sweating, sleep disturbances, affective disturbances (apathy, switches, paradoxical effects), ophthalmic manifestations (glaucoma, cataract) and hyperprolactinemia. At times, such adverse events may persist after drug discontinuation, yielding iatrogenic comorbidity. Other areas of concern involve suicidality, safety in overdose, discontinuation syndromes, risks during pregnancy and breast feeding, as well as risk of malignancies. Thus, the rational selection of ADs should consider the potential benefits and risks, likelihood of responsiveness to the treatment option and vulnerability to adverse events. The findings of this review should alert the physician to carefully review the appropriateness of AD prescription on an individual basis and to consider alternative treatments if available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After fifteen years of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson's disease (PD), what have we learned? Addressing this question will help catalogue the progress made towards elucidating disease mechanisms, improving the clinical utility of the identified loci, and envisioning how we can harness the strides to develop translational GWAS strategies. Here we review the advances of PD GWAS made to date while critically addressing the challenges and opportunities for next-generation GWAS. Thus, deciphering the missing heritability in underrepresented populations is currently at the reach of hand for a truly comprehensive understanding of the genetics of PD across the different ethnicities. Moreover, state-of-the-art GWAS designs hold a true potential for enhancing the clinical applicability of genetic findings, for instance, by improving disease prediction (PD risk and progression). Lastly, advanced PD GWAS findings, alone or in combination with clinical and environmental parameters, are expected to have the capacity for defining patient enriched cohorts stratified by genetic risk profiles and readily available for neuroprotective clinical trials. Overall, envisioning future strategies for advanced GWAS is currently timely and can be instrumental in providing novel genetic readouts essential for a true clinical translatability of PD genetic findings. • Mechanistic insights in PD continue being primarily driven by genetic discoveries. • Envisioning advanced GWAS can enhance clinical translatability of PD genetics. • Future GWAS will decipher the missing heritability in underrepresented populations. • Advanced GWAS can improve the prediction of PD risk and progression. • Next-generation GWAS can stratify patient enriched cohorts by genetic risk profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to increase the shelf-life of paneer tikka. It was done by using modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) technology. Paneer tikka has a short shelf-life of 1-2 days. MAP technology has increased its shelf-life for up to one month when stored at 5°C. The result showed that samples packed under 60% CO2:40% N2were more successful in preserving the moisture, sensory and microbial properties of paneer tikka at 5°C in comparison to samples stored at 10°C and 25°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A visible light active photocatalyst, Ag3PO4 (20 nm), in combination with mesoporous SiO2 spheres (200 nm) leads to enhanced photocatalytic activity (∼52 times) in the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye compared to bare silver phosphate. The lifetime of the charge carriers is increased by nearly four times (from 0.05 to 0.20 ns) in the composite. The silver phosphate–silica composite has almost no loss of activity after 5 cycles under light irradiation, indicating that the composite has good photocatalytic stability. The addition of SiO2 also reduces the cost of the composite catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α-Synuclein physiologically chaperones SNARE-complex assembly at the synapse but pathologically misfolds into neurotoxic aggregates that are characteristic for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, and that may spread from one neuron to the next throughout the brain during Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. In normal nerve terminals, α-synuclein is present in an equilibrium between a cytosolic form that is natively unfolded and monomeric and a membrane-bound form that is composed of an α-helical multimeric species that chaperones SNARE-complex assembly. Although the neurotoxicity of α-synuclein is well established, the relationship between the native conformations of α-synuclein and its pathological aggregation remain incompletely understood; most importantly, it is unclear whether α-synuclein aggregation originates from its monomeric cytosolic or oligomeric membrane-bound form. Here, we address this question by introducing into α-synuclein point mutations that block membrane binding and by then assessing the effect of blocking membrane binding on α-synuclein aggregation and neurotoxicity. We show that membrane binding inhibits α-synuclein aggregation; conversely, blocking membrane binding enhances α-synuclein aggregation. Stereotactic viral expression of wild-type and mutant α-synuclein in the substantia nigra of mice demonstrated that blocking α-synuclein membrane binding significantly enhanced its neurotoxicity in vivo. Our data delineate a folding pathway for α-synuclein that ranges from a physiological multimeric, α-helical, and membrane-bound species that acts as a SNARE-complex chaperone over a monomeric, natively unfolded form to an amyloid-like aggregate that is neurotoxic in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- Damage due to delamination is an important issue during drilling in polymer-matrix composites (PMCs). It depends on thrust force and torque which are functions of feed rate. Transfer function of thrust force with feed rate and torque with feed rate is constructed through experiments. These transfer functions are then combined in state-space to formulate a sixth-order model. Then thrust force and torque are controlled by using optimal controller. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach -- A glass fiber reinforced plastic composite is drilled at constant feed rate during experimentation. The corresponding time response of thrust force and torque is recorded. Third-order transfer functions of thrust force with feed rate and torque with feed rate are identified using system identification toolbox of Matlab[sup ®]. These transfer functions are then converted into sixth-order combined state-space model. Optimal controller is then designed to track given reference trajectories of thrust force/torque during drilling in composite laminate. Findings -- Optimal control is used to simultaneously control thrust force as well as torque during drilling. There is a critical thrust force during drilling below which no delamination occurs. Therefore, critical thrust force profile is used as reference for delamination free drilling. Present controller precisely tracks the critical thrust force profile. Using critical thrust force as reference, high-speed drilling can be done. The controller is capable of precisely tracking arbitrary thrust force and torque profile simultaneously. Findings suggest that the control mechanism is efficient and can be effective in minimizing drilling induced damage in composite laminates. Originality/value -- Simultaneous optimal control of thrust force and torque during drilling in composites is not available in literature. Feed rate corresponding to critical thrust force trajectory which can prevent delamination at fast speed also not available has been presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and characterization of an instrument combining Raman, fluorescence, and reflectance spectroscopic modalities is presented. Instrument development has targeted skin cancer applications as a novel fiber-optic probe has been specially designed to interrogate cutaneous lesions. The instrument is modular and both its software and hardware components are described in depth. Characterization of the fiber-optic probe is also presented, which details the probe's ability to measure diagnostically important parameters such as intrinsic fluorescence and absorption and reduced scattering coefficients along with critical performance metrics such as high Raman signal-to-noise ratios at clinically practical exposure times. Validation results using liquid phantoms show that the probe and system can extract absorption and scattering coefficients with less than 10% error. As the goal is to use the instrument for the clinical early detection of skin cancer, preliminary clinical data are also presented, which indicates our system's ability to measure physiological quantities such as relative collagen and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentration, oxygen saturation, blood volume fraction, and mean vessel diameter [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]