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Polyaniline (PAni) is a widely studied conductive polymer that has unique properties such as high conductivity and stability. However, poor solubility and mechanical properties limit its prospective applications. To overcome these limitations, different synthesis methods have been developed and studied. One of these methods is to make the composites of PAni which displayed prominent results not only in addressing poor stability but also in achieving high mechanical properties. This review summarizes various synthesis methods, properties, and applications of PAni composites that have been incorporated with different materials such as carbon, carbon nanotube, graphite, graphene oxide, metal and metal oxides, metal–organic framework, bio-molecules, silica, and many more to enhance their potential applications. The most important applications of the PAni composite are briefly revealed at the end of this review and discussed appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the design of an orbital space settlement named Lakshita located at L5 for 10,000 residents having area of 1×106 m2 has been proposed, with the aim of fulfilling mining activities and space research in micro – g. All calculations are made in the perspective of a dynamic demography which could lead to the doubling of the population in next 25years with initial population of 4500. The settlement consists of one residential torus, one agricultural torus, industrial cylinder and two docking cylinders rotating coaxially at 1rpm. 2.3% of the total volume of settlement is provided for two docking cylinders with 6 docking ports enabling the elastic flow of space traffic, thereby providing continuous loading and unloading of cargo and passengers. Four pressurized sliding cylinders with 5.7×105 m3 volume above the down surface area moving along the spokes fulfill the need of adaptation of visitors at half the gravity level of primary settlement volumes, as well provide wobble control. 1.1×105 torr of pressure is provided above the down surface area of the residential torus. The power generation of 400Mw, required for the functional need of Lakshita, will be obtained through SPS located at L4. The 14hday and 10h night cycle will be maintained by four mirrors attached on either side from the central cylinder. The walls of the settlement will be made up of three consecutive layers of super adobe, Nextel and Kevler-49 respectively to provide radiation and debris protection. An assortment of various facilities like appropriate distribution and management of water through an intended network of pipelines, accurate management of waste within the settlement has been provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal that is very harmful to both the environment and human health, makes it difficult to detect in environmental and analytical research. However, given the adverse impacts, a remedy is urgently required. Due to its special benefits, electrochemical approaches have recently attracted a lot of interest for the detection of Cd(II) ions. We have prepared zinc selenide/graphene oxide (ZnSe/GO) nanocomposites and characterized its structural, compositional, and morphological properties using X-ray diffraction, elemental mapping, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, to fabricate an efficient electron mediator for electrochemical sensor. Results of the experiments proved that the device is reliable in Cd(II) detection with 45.54 µM limit of detection (LOD) and 138.00 µM limit of quantification (LOQ). The sensor showed a linear range of output current at 100–700 µM Cd(II) with the coefficient of correlation (R2 = 0.996). Interferents have a negligible effect on the response of the sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present manuscript portrays environmental benign, cost‐effective and energy efficient green route way to synthesize Mg−Zn ferrite nanoparticles [Mg0.05Zn0.05Fe2O4 NPs] using Ocimum Basilicum leaf extract [OBLE]. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that Ocimum Basilicum leaf extract mediated Mg−Zn ferrite nanoparticles [OBLE@Mg−Zn NPs] exhibit face centred cubic crystallinity with space group Fd3‾m ${{\rm F}{\rm d}\bar{3}{\rm m}}$ as confirmed by Rietveld refinement studies. Microstructural analysis illustrated uniform surface morphology with well interlinked grain with an average grain size of 35.6±0.12 nm. FTIR spectra showed existence of hydroxyl −OH group at 3403 cm−1 and C=C vibration at 2345 cm−1. Magnetic hysteresis loop (M−H loop) confirmed the superparamagnetic behaviour of OBLE@Mg−Zn NPs. Cytotoxic activity of OBLE@Mg−Zn NPs was carried out against breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231. Dose dependent cell viability of cancerous cells depicted cytotoxic potential of OBLE@Mg−Zn NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven mixed arsenic(III) bis (dimethyldithiocarbamato) derivatives of type [(CH 3) 2 NCS 2 ] 2 AsL where, L = OOCC 6 H 5 , OOCCH 3 , OOCC 6 H 4 (OH), SC 6 H 5 , SCH 2 COOH, SOCCH 3 and S(C 6 H 4)COOH have been synthesized and characterized by various physicochemical [elemental analysis (C, H, N, S & As), molecular weight and melting point determinations], spectral [UV–Vis., FTIR, NMR (1H and 13C)], thermal [TGA and DTG], powder XRD studies. The presence of FT-IR band at 1064–1095 cm−1 due to thiocarbonyl moity and 13C NMR signal in the range 192.56–198.59 ppm due to -NCS 2 carbon resonance have indicated anisobidentate mode of bonding of dithiocarbamate group, alongwith this FT far-IR bands observed due to the υ(As–O) and υ(As–S) vibrations in the region 530–532 cm−1 and 302–333 cm−1 respectively, confirm the bonding of arsenic(III) to oxygen and sulfur. Thus, on the basis of results obtained by above spectral techniques, it may be concluded tentatively that, arsenic(III) derivatives (compound 1–7) adopted a distorted octahedral geometry with lone pair of electrons occupying one of the corner of octahedra. Powder XRD studies revealed that these derivatives have nano ranged particle size (5.72 and 16.29 nm) with lower symmetry (monoclinic) crystal system along with unit cell volume (1731 and 1764 Å3). Thermal studies reveal that arsenic(III) bis (dimethyldithiocarbamato) thiosalicylate (compound 7) gives arsenic sulfide as a final decomposition product, which have various potential applications. Antimicrobial screening test showed enhanced activity than free ligands and standard drugs. Seven type of arsenic(III) bis (dimethyldithiocarbamato) derivatives have been synthesized and structure of the derivatives have been tentetively proposed on the basis of spectral studies. Along with these, Powder XRD, thermal and biological studies have also been performed. These derivatives give arsenic sulfide as a final remaining product which have many potential applications and due to nano particle size of the derivatives, these exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activities (greater zone of inhibition) as compared to the free ligands and standard drugs. Image 1 • Mixed arsenic(III) bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato) derivatives with oxygen and sulfur donor ligands. • These derivatives have distorted octahedral geometry with nano-ranged crystallite size and monoclinic crystal system. • Arsenic(III) bis (dimethyldithiocarbamato) benzoate shows low intensity M+ ion peak at 435.2 m / z with base peak at 315.2 m / z. • These derivatives have shown equal and greater antimicrobial activities than the free ligand and standard drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]