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Hydrogen is a potential energy carrier in comparison to conventional fuels due to its high energy content. Methane is an attractive source for 'on‐site' production of hydrogen by using membrane reformer due to its low cost. However, such reformers are not well studied and high temperature operation of steam methane reforming (SMR) makes the integration with membrane separation difficult. Further, the main product of SMR is CO and H2 in which CO has an inhibition effect on the membrane separation process. Therefore, it is vital to synthesize a low temperature and low CO selective catalyst for a suitable integration with membrane reformer. Nickel‐based catalyst is widely used for SMR due to its low cost and high catalytic activity. CeO2 is a favoured support as it mobilizes the lattice oxygen and reduces the coke formation and CO selectivity. Though several studies are reported on CeO2 based support, the effect of CeO2 surface morphology is not studied for SMR. In the current work, Ni/CeO2 of different shapes (nanocube and nanorod) are synthesized. The complete characterization of the support was performed. The effect of support shape, calcination temperature, and reduction temperature on SMR activity is found at different operating temperatures. For each condition conversion, CO, CO2 selectivity, and hydrogen yield are calculated. The results show the CeO2 morphology has a considerable effect on conversion, CO selectivity, and hydrogen yield. It is found that ceria nanocube calcined at 550°C provides better performance at high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tyrosine phosphorylation has emerged as an important regulator of plasma membrane-localized immune receptors activity. Here, we investigate the role of tyrosine phosphorylation in the regulation of rice XANTHOMONAS RESISTANCE 21 (XA21)-mediated immunity. We demonstrate that the juxtamembrane and kinase domain of Escherichia coli-expressed XA21 (XA21JK) autophosphorylates on tyrosine residues. Directed mutagenesis of four out of the nine tyrosine residues in XA21JK reduced autophosphorylation. These sites include Tyr698 in the juxtamembrane domain, and Tyr786, Tyr907, and Tyr909 in the kinase domain. Rice plants expressing XA21-GFP fusion proteins or proteins with these tyrosine residues individually mutated to phenylalanine (XA21YF-GFP), which prevents phosphorylation at these sites, maintain resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. In contrast, plants expressing phosphomimetic XA21 variants with tyrosine mutated to aspartate (XA21YD-GFP) were susceptible. In vitro purified XA21JKY698F, XA21JKY907F, and XA21JKY909F variants are catalytically active, whereas activity was not detected in XA21JKY768F and the four XA21JKYD variants. We previously demonstrated that interaction of XA21 with the co-receptor OsSERK2 is critical for biological function. Four of the XA21JKYF variants maintain interaction with OsSERK2 as well as the XA21 binding (XB) proteins XB3 and XB15 in yeast, suggesting that these four tyrosine residues are not required for their interaction. Taken together, these results suggest that XA21 is capable of tyrosine autophosphorylation, but the identified tyrosine residues are not required for activation of XA21-mediated immunity or interaction with predicted XA21 signaling proteins.

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, leading to cardiovascular complications due to endothelial dysfunction. Understanding how OSA affects endothelial function compared to healthy individuals can provide insights into preventive strategies. Objective: This study aims to assess and compare endothelial function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea versus healthy sleepers. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 50 patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea and 50 healthy sleepers matched by age and sex. Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) measured by ultrasound of the brachial artery. Results: The study is expected to reveal significant differences in endothelial function between patients with obstructive sleep apnea and healthy sleepers, contributing to the understanding of cardiovascular risks associated with OSA. Conclusion: Assessing endothelial function in these populations can provide valuable information for cardiovascular risk assessment and the potential benefits of therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's empowerment is a complex concept entailing many internal and external factors. This research article explores the role of Khatwa appliqué, a traditional textile craft predominantly practised by women, in driving social and economic empowerment among craftswomen in Bihar, India. The methodology involves interviewing the accomplished craftswomen and developing individual case studies. The research examines the narratives of these master artisans, with a keen focus on comprehending how engagement in Khatwa appliqué has been instrumental in their empowerment journey. It also delves into the sources of inspiration, techniques and materials employed in this historically utilitarian craft – Khatwa appliqué. Our findings indicate that the Khatwa craft may have played a substantial role in advancing the socio-economic empowerment of craftswomen. The craft seems to have contributed significantly to improving their financial independence, increasing their mobility, heightening their levels of awareness and cultivating their self-confidence. Together, these outcomes have resulted in an overall enhancement of their socio-economic status, resulting in a heightened level of empowerment. The research findings contribute to the limited but growing literature on the role of crafts on several facets of women's empowerment in Bihar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents nonlinear and linear analyses of the rotating Navier–Stokes–Voigt fluid layer that is simultaneously heated and soluted from below, considering different boundary surfaces. The energy method is used to form the eigenvalue problem for nonlinear analysis, whereas the normal mode analysis is used for the linear analysis. The Rayleigh number is numerically calculated by employing the Galerkin technique. Both nonlinear and linear analyses yield the same Rayleigh number, indicating the absence of subcritical regions and implying global stability. The Kelvin–Voigt parameter doesn't affect the Rayleigh number for stationary convection. However, the crucial role of this parameter is established through an energy argument. The presence of rotation, Kelvin–Voigt parameter, and solute gradient give rise to oscillatory modes. Also, the effects of rotation and solute gradient are stabilizing on the system, whereas the stabilizing effect of the Kelvin–Voigt parameter becomes evident when convection exhibits an oscillatory behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]