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Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory, estrogenic disorder caused by endometrial tissue growth places other than uterine lumen, resulting in infertility and severe pelvic pain. Thymol, an extract of Thymus vulgaris, processes diverse biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, local anesthetic, decongestant, and antiseptic effects. However, the efficacy of thymol in treating endometriosis has still not been explored. Herein, this research aimed to investigate the role of thymol in the treatment of endometriosis using a murine model and Ishikawa cells. Thirty C57BL/6 mice were administered 17β-E2 (100 ng/mouse) subcutaneously for three consecutive days to induce synchronous estrus. On the last day of injection, the mice underwent surgical induction of endometriosis. After that, the mice were divided into three groups, i.e., Control (CTRL), Thymol 30 mg/kg and Thymol 60 mg/kg, receiving oral administration of either saline or thymol (30 mg/kg/d or 60 mg/kg/d, as 0.1 mL/kg/d, respectively) for a three-week duration. Each group consisted of ten mice and was evenly divided into estrus and diestrus according to the vaginal cytology on the last day of treatment. Thymol significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the weight and volume of ectopic tissue, hindered cell proliferation, and stimulated apoptosis compared to the CTRL group. Additionally, in the thymol-treated group, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, as well as the numbers of neutrophils and macrophages, were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. Moreover, a novel role of thymol in rebalancing estrogen and progesterone (E2-P4) signaling was explored, and it was distributed in the ectopic endometrium. Next, the role of thymol on Ishikawa cells was determined. The results demonstrated that thymol significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the E2-induced proliferation of Ishikawa cells. Furthermore, molecular docking analyses suggested that thymol potentially binds to ESR1-like estrogens, indicating its antagonistic activity against estrogens. The estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and its target gene expression exhibited significant (p < 0.05) downregulation, while progesterone receptor (PGR) and target genes were markedly (p < 0.05) upregulated following thymol treatment in the ectopic endometrium. Most importantly, our data revealed the minimal impact of thymol treatment on the eutopic endometrium and its crucial role in supporting pregnancy, thus indicating the safety of thymol in treating endometriosis. Overall, our study suggests that thymol holds promising therapeutic implications for endometriosis by virtue of its anti-inflammatory properties and ability to antagonize estrogen activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease affecting large ruminants, caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). It is characterized by symptoms such as hyperthermia, emaciation, lymphadenopathy, and skin nodules. Pregnant animals affected by LSD often experience abortions and may develop infertility syndrome, while affected males can become sterile. A live attenuated goat pox virus vaccine (GTPV) was administered to various groups of crossbred buffaloes. After vaccination, blood samples were collected from each group to analyze post-vaccination antibody titers. Additionally, vaccinated calves and buffaloes were monitored for growth, body temperature, blood profile, milk production and quality, and reproductive parameters. The study revealed an increase in antibody titer in the weeks following vaccination, with sustained levels for over 150 days before declining by 300 days. During the 7-day observational phase, the vaccinated calves and replacement heifers exhibited significant growth. There were no notable changes in body temperature or milk production in lactating buffaloes within 7 days post-vaccination. However, the buffalo category affected all blood profile indicators significantly (P < 0.05) except for MCHC (P > 0.05) after LSD vaccination. An interaction (P < 0.05) was observed between buffalo categories and days post-exposure for RBCs, HGB, HCT, and MCV values in vaccinated buffaloes. Reproductive parameters, including ovarian resumption, uterine involution rates, and synchronization rate, remained similar in both vaccinated and unvaccinated buffaloes. Overall, the use of the attenuated GTPV vaccine induces a considerable antibody titer without influencing general health or productive parameters, making it a safe and economical method for preventing LSD in buffaloes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiography has been applied widely in clinical diagnosis of canine pulmonary diseases for the sensitive and direct perception to the abnormal changes. Due to few of relevant reports about different measurement methods and indexes, the simple radiographic findings are difficult to be used in accurate clinical evaluation. This test aimed to develop a radiographic method of comparing canine posterior lung field angles include vertebrophrenic angle (cranial), vertebrophrenic angle (caudal), sterno-diaphragmatic angle, costophrenic angle (left), costophrenic angle (right) to identify whether pulmonary disordered. Meanwhile this method also introduced the indexes of thorax, such as height, width and their ratio which were measured and/ or calculated for further normalizing the differential indexes. Healthy pulmonary radiographies (n=76) were selected to scale the normal parameter threshold, and patients with respiratory diseases and obvious clinical syndromes (n=57) were selected as trials to evaluate and confirm the availability of these indexes for the diagnosis of canine pulmonary function. The most valuable indexes for the clinical diagnosis of abnormal pulmonary function were selected with correlation analysis and single factor analysis of variance. The posterior lung field angles and the thoracic indexes showed no correlation in both healthy group and unhealthy group (r<0.3). The posterior lung field angles and the thoracic indexes between healthy with unhealthy dogs showed low correlation (r<0.5). The thoracic indexes between both groups were no significantly different (p>0.05). Only vertebrophrenic angle (cranial) and vertebrophrenic angle (caudal) in all angles measured significantly differed in healthy group versus unhealthy group (p<0.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]