704 results on '"Shaywitz, Bennett A."'
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2. Early reading at first grade predicts adult reading at age 42 in typical and dyslexic readers
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Ferrer, Emilio, Shaywitz, Bennett A., Holahan, John M., and Shaywitz, Sally E.
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- 2023
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3. Author Correction: Early reading at first grade predicts adult reading at age 42 in typical and dyslexic readers
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Ferrer, Emilio, Shaywitz, Bennett A., Holahan, John M., and Shaywitz, Sally E.
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- 2024
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4. Dyslexia in Incarcerated Men and Women: A New Perspective on Reading Disability in the Prison Population
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Cassidy, Laura, Reggio, Kayla, Shaywitz, Bennett A., Holahan, John M., and Shaywitz, Sally E.
- Abstract
The authors report findings on reading and IQ from a contemporary study of 145 individually tested incarcerated men and women in two maximum-security prisons in Louisiana. To their knowledge this study is the first to use the definition of dyslexia from the First Step Act (FSA) and the first to incorporate an IQ measure to differentiate those with dyslexia from individuals with cognitive impairment. The authors' findings indicate that almost half (47%) of the participants are classified as having dyslexia, 36% proficient, and 17% cognitive impairment. Both dyslexic prisoners and nondyslexic prisoners reported academic and behavioral problems in school that led to decreased years in school and decreased high school graduation rates, with 87% reporting dropping out of school with many inmates dropping out in middle school (mean age of completion of 9.6 years of school), 97% reporting having been in special education or received accommodations, and 59% having failed to receive a high school diploma or equivalency. The authors note that although the FSA calls for the Bureau of Prisons to screen prisoners for dyslexia using a screener that is evidence-based, with proven psychometrics for validity, efficiency and low cost, as well as readily available, a screener is not a diagnostic instrument and we discuss the next steps after inmates are screened as being dyslexic.
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- 2021
5. Dyslexia in Incarcerated Men and Women : A New Perspective on Reading Disability in the Prison Population
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Cassidy, Laura, Reggio, Kayla, Shaywitz, Bennett A., Holahan, John M., and Shaywitz, Sally E.
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- 2021
6. Reversing Downstream Consequences of School Hiatus on Reading in Disadvantaged, At-Risk Children
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Estrada, Eduardo, Ferrer, Emilio, Shaywitz, Bennett A., Holahan, John M., and Shaywitz, Sally E.
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- 2022
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7. Family History Is Not Useful in Screening Children for Dyslexia
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Ferrer, Emilio, Shaywitz, Bennett A., Holahan, John M., and Shaywitz, Sally E.
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- 2022
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8. The American Experience: Towards a 21st Century Definition of Dyslexia
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Shaywitz, Bennett A. and Shaywitz, Sally E.
- Abstract
We review the evolution of the conceptualisation of dyslexia and along with it the current, 21st century definition of dyslexia. Our starting point is the seminal report by Pringle Morgan in 1896, followed by early 20th century reports by Hinshelwood, and continuing with concepts of brain injury and minimal brain dysfunctions then to the emergence of 'learning disability' in the mid-20th century. Within this historical framework we note the emergence and scientific validation of an 'unexpected' model culminating in the first definition of dyslexia in U.S. federal law in late 2018 and in recent U.S. federal civil rights law. We next address the issue of whether dyslexia is 'real' by showing how advances in non-invasive functional brain imaging have led to a replicated, robust neural signature for dyslexia. We close by illustrating how science has informed policy, emphasising the focus on evidence-based practices beginning with the report of the National Reading Panel and including the creation of the What Works Clearinghouse. Early screening for dyslexia represents another important policy accomplishment with dyslexia laws now passed in over 30 states. Evidence-based effective interventions for dyslexia, including free, public charter schools specialised for dyslexic children exemplify the most recent policy initiative.
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- 2020
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9. Identifying Atypical Change at the Individual Level from Childhood to Adolescence
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Estrada, Eduardo, Ferrer, Emilio, Shaywitz, Bennett A., Holahan, John M., and Shaywitz, Sally E.
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Identifying change at the individual level is an important goal for researchers, educators, and clinicians. We present a set of statistical procedures for identifying individuals who depart from a normative change. Using Latent Change Scores models (LCS), we illustrate how the Individual Likelihood computed from a statistical model for change ("IL") and from an alternative unrestricted model ("ILsat") can be used to identify atypical trajectories in situations with several measurement occasions. Using LCS and linear regression, we also show how the observed and latent change residuals can be used to identify atypical individual change between 2 measurement occasions. We apply these methods to a measure of general verbal ability (from WISC-R), from a large sample of individuals assessed every 2 years from Grade 1 to 9. We demonstrate the efficiency of these techniques, illustrate their use to identify individual change in longitudinal data, and discuss potential applications in developmental research.
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- 2018
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10. The Yale Outcome Study: Outcomes for Graduates with and without Dyslexia
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Shaywitz, Sally E., Holahan, John M., Kenney, Blair, and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
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- 2020
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11. Treatment of Dyslexia
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Fletcher, Jack M., primary, Foorman, Barbara R., additional, Francis, David J., additional, Shaywitz, Bennett A., additional, and Shaywitz, Sally E., additional
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- 2020
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12. Validity of the Concept of Dyslexia: Alternative Approaches to Definition and Classification
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Fletcher, Jack M., primary, Stuebing, Karla K., additional, Shaywitz, Bennett A., additional, Shaywitz, Sally E., additional, Rourke, Byron P., additional, and Francis, David J., additional
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- 2020
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13. Dyslexia
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Shaywitz, Sally E., Shaywitz, Bennett A., Kreutzer, Jeffrey S., editor, DeLuca, John, editor, and Caplan, Bruce, editor
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- 2018
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14. Growth in Reading Comprehension and Verbal Ability from Grades 1 through 9
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Holahan, John M., Ferrer, Emilio, Shaywitz, Bennett A., Rock, Donald A., Kirsch, Irwin S., Yamamoto, Kentaro, Michaels, Reissa, Marchione, Karen E., and Shaywitz, Sally E.
- Abstract
We systematically assessed the relationships between growth of four components of verbal ability--Information, Similarities, Vocabulary, and Comprehension subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale-Revised--and longitudinal growth from Grades 1 to 9 of the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery Passage Comprehension subtest while controlling for Word Identification and Word Attack, using multilevel growth models on a sample of 414 children. Growth was assessed over all grades (1-9), and separately for early grades (1-5) and later grades (5-9). Over all grades, growth in Word Identification had a substantial standardized loading to Passage Comprehension, and all four verbal abilities had smaller, but significant standardized loadings to Passage Comprehension (p < 0.05), with Information and Vocabulary having slightly higher loadings than Similarities and Comprehension. For early grades, results were similar to the overall results, with the exception of Vocabulary, which had a nonsignificant loading to Passage Comprehension. For later grades, Word Identification again had the largest, but substantially smaller standardized loading on Passage Comprehension and standardized loadings of all four verbal abilities were statistically significant with Vocabulary and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) Comprehension having appreciably higher loadings than in the previous analyses. Conversation- and interaction-based intervention and instruction in oral language in general, and vocabulary in particular throughout early childhood and continuing throughout the school years, combined with evidence-based instruction that systematically develops the skills of phonologic awareness, decoding, word reading, fluency, and comprehension in school, may provide a pathway to reducing the achievement gap in reading.
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- 2018
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15. Dyslexia in the 21st century
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Shaywitz, Sally E., Shaywitz, Jonathan E., and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
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- 2021
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16. DCDC2 Is Associated with Reading Disability and Modulates Neuronal Development in the Brain
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Smith, Shelley D., Held, Matthew, Olson, Richard K., Pennington, Bruce F., DeFries, John C., Gelernter, Joel, Somlo, Stefan, Skudlarski, Pawel, Shaywitz, Sally E., Shaywitz, Bennett A., Wang, Yu, LoTurco, Joseph J., and Page, Grier P.
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- 2005
17. Validity of IQ-Discrepancy Classifications of Reading Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis
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Stuebing, Karla K., Fletcher, Jack M., LeDoux, Josette M., Lyon, G. Reid, Shaywitz, Sally E., and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
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- 2002
18. Translating Scientific Progress in Dyslexia Into 21st Century Diagnosis and Interventions
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Shaywitz, Bennett A., primary, Weiss, Lawrence G., additional, Saklofske, Donald H., additional, and Shaywitz, Sally E., additional
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- 2019
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19. List of Contributors
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Batty, Abigail, primary, Beal, A. Lynne, additional, Breaux, Kristina, additional, Drozdick, Lisa Whipple, additional, Grégoire, Jacques, additional, Harris, Jossette G., additional, Locke, Victoria, additional, Miller, Daniel C., additional, Miller, Jessie L., additional, Muñoz, María R., additional, Pan, Tianshu, additional, Raiford, Susan Engi, additional, Shaywitz, Bennett A., additional, Shaywitz, Sally E., additional, van de Vijver, Fons J.R., additional, and Wahlstrom, Dustin, additional
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- 2019
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20. Chapter 51 - Dyslexia
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Shaywitz, Sally E. and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
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- 2025
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21. Functional Disruption in the Organization of the Brain for Reading in Dyslexia
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Shaywitz, Sally E., Shaywitz, Bennett A., Pugh, Kenneth R., Fulbright, Robert K., Constable, R. Todd, Mencl, W. Einar, Shankweiler, Donald P., Liberman, Alvin M., Skudlarski, Pawel, Fletcher, Jack M., Katz, Leonard, Marchione, Karen E., Lacadie, Cheryl, Gatenby, Christopher, and Gore, John C.
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- 1998
22. Achievement Gap in Reading Is Present as Early as First Grade and Persists through Adolescence
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Ferrer, Emilio, Shaywitz, Bennett A., Holahan, John M., Marchione, Karen E., Michaels, Reissa, and Shaywitz, Sally E.
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- 2015
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23. Dyslexia
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Shaywitz, Sally E., Shaywitz, Bennett A., Kreutzer, Jeffrey S., editor, DeLuca, John, editor, and Caplan, Bruce, editor
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- 2011
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24. Diffusion Tensor Imaging Correlates of Reading Ability in Dysfluent and Non-Impaired Readers
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Lebel, Catherine, Shaywitz, Bennett, and Holahan, John
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Many children and adults have specific reading disabilities; insight into the brain structure underlying these difficulties is evolving from imaging. Previous research highlights the left temporal-parietal white matter as important in reading, yet the degree of involvement of other areas remains unclear. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and voxel-based analysis were used to examine correlations between reading ability and tissue structure in healthy adolescents and young adults (n = 136) with a range of reading ability. Three complementary reading scores (word reading, decoding, and reading fluency) yielded positive correlations with fractional anisotropy (FA) that spanned bilateral brain regions, particularly in the frontal lobes, but also included the thalamus and parietal and temporal areas. An analysis of the unique effects of each reading assessment revealed that most of the variance in FA values could be attributed to sight word reading ability. (Contains 2 tables and 3 figures.)
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- 2013
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25. Dyslexia
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Shaywitz, Sally E., primary and Shaywitz, Bennett A., additional
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- 2017
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26. Contributors
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Aaen, Gregory S., primary, Abend, Nicholas Scott, additional, Abou-Hamden, Amal, additional, Allen, Jeffrey C., additional, Amato, Anthony A., additional, Amlie-Lefond, Catherine, additional, Ashwal, Stephen, additional, Bailey, Russell C., additional, Bale, James F., additional, Banwell, Brenda, additional, Barañano, Kristin W., additional, Barkovich, A. James, additional, Barohn, Richard J., additional, Bartels, Ute K., additional, Bartnik-Olson, Brenda, additional, Barzilai, Ori, additional, Bassuk, Alexander, additional, Bearden, David R., additional, Ben-Sira, Liat, additional, Bernard, Timothy J., additional, Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth, additional, Beslow, Lauren A., additional, Biegel, Jaclyn A., additional, Billinghurst, Lori, additional, Birnbaum, Angela K., additional, Blackburn, Joanna S., additional, Bobowski, Nuala, additional, Boire, Adrienne, additional, Bönnemann, Carsten G., additional, Bonifacio, Sonia L., additional, Bonthius, Daniel J., additional, Borcherding, Breck, additional, Branchford, Brian R., additional, Brandsema, John, additional, Brennan, Kathryn M., additional, Brenton, J. Nicholas, additional, Brooks-Kayal, Amy R., additional, Brown, Lawrence W., additional, Buchalter, Jeffrey, additional, Camfield, Carol S., additional, Camfield, Peter R., additional, Campoy, Cristina, additional, Carpenter, Jessica L., additional, Chang, Taeun, additional, Chau, Vann, additional, Chi, Susan N., additional, Chiriboga, Claudia A., additional, Cho, Yoon-Jae, additional, Christian, Cindy W., additional, Chrestian, Nicholas, additional, Cilio, Maria Roberta, additional, Clark, Robin D., additional, Cohen, Bruce H., additional, Cohn, Ronald D., additional, Connolly, Anne M., additional, Constable, Todd, additional, Constantini, Shlomi, additional, Conway, Jeannine M., additional, Coulter, David L., additional, Cowan, Tina M., additional, Dale, Russell C., additional, Darbro, Benjamin, additional, Darras, Basil T., additional, Dastgir, Jahannaz, additional, De Meirleir, Linda, additional, De Vivo, Darryl C., additional, de Vries, Linda S., additional, Deisch, Jeremy K., additional, Deltenre, Paul, additional, Desai, Jay, additional, Descartes, Maria, additional, deVeber, Gabrielle, additional, Dhamne, Sameer C., additional, Diaz, Jullianne, additional, DiMauro, Salvatore, additional, Dobyns, William B., additional, Doherty, Dan, additional, Donner, Elizabeth J., additional, Dosenbach, Nico U.F., additional, Dowling, James J., additional, Drake, James M., additional, Ejerskov, Cecile, additional, Engel, Andrew G., additional, Enns, Gregory M., additional, Escolano-Margarit, María Victoria, additional, Etzion, Iris, additional, Fatemi, S. Ali, additional, Fehlings, Darcy L., additional, Feinberg, Michelle Lauren, additional, Ferriero, Donna M., additional, Filipek, Pauline A., additional, Finkel, Richard S., additional, Fisher, Paul G., additional, Flanigan, Kevin, additional, Foreman, Nicholas K., additional, Franco, Israel, additional, Frank, Yitzchak, additional, Fredrick, Douglas R., additional, Freeze, Hudson H., additional, Fuente-Mora, Cristina, additional, Furman, Joseph M., additional, Gallagher, Renata C., additional, Garel, Catherine, additional, Gertsch, Emily, additional, Gilbert, Donald L., additional, Gilles, Elizabeth E., additional, Giza, Christopher C., additional, Glaser, Carol A., additional, Glass, Hannah C., additional, Glauser, Tracy, additional, Glykys, Joseph, additional, Goldstein, Amy, additional, Gonorazky, Hernan Dario, additional, Gonzalez, Rodolfo, additional, Goodkin, Howard P., additional, Graham, John M., additional, Greninger, Alexander L., additional, Gronseth, Gary, additional, Gropman, Andrea L., additional, Grundy, Richard, additional, Guerrini, Renzo, additional, Gupta, Nalin, additional, Hahn, Jin S., additional, Hamblin, Milton H., additional, Hani, Abeer J., additional, Hanmantgad, Sharyu, additional, Harbert, Mary J., additional, Harini, Chellamani, additional, Harriott, Andrea M., additional, Heatwole, Chad, additional, Hershey, Andrew D., additional, Hirtz, Deborah G., additional, Holmes, Gregory L., additional, Holshouser, Barbara A., additional, Hurwitz, Kathleen A., additional, Hwang, Eugene, additional, Ichord, Rebecca N., additional, Jafar-Nejad, Paymaan, additional, Jain, Sejal V., additional, Jordan, Lori, additional, Kabbouche, Marielle A., additional, Kacperski, Joanne, additional, Kang, Peter B., additional, Kariannis, Matthias A., additional, Kaufmann, Horacio, additional, Kaye, Harper L., additional, Keating, Robert, additional, Kennedy, Colin R., additional, Khakoo, Yasmin, additional, Kirton, Adam, additional, Kissel, John T., additional, Knupp, Kelly G., additional, Korf, Bruce R., additional, Kossoff, Eric H., additional, Kothare, Sanjeev V., additional, Kupfer, Oren, additional, LaFrance, W. Curt, additional, Latal, Beatrice, additional, Leber, Steven M., additional, Lee, Jean-Pyo, additional, Leppik, Ilo E., additional, Lerman-Sagie, Tally, additional, Lerner, Jason T., additional, Leventer, Richard J., additional, Licht, Daniel J., additional, Lichter-Konecki, Uta, additional, Lidar, Zvi, additional, Liem, Djin Gie, additional, Loddenkemper, Tobias, additional, Long, Roger K., additional, Luc, Quyen N., additional, Mackay, Mark, additional, Majnemer, Annette, additional, Makhani, Naila, additional, Malinger, Gustavo, additional, Mandelbaum, David E., additional, Maricich, Stephen M., additional, Maski, Kiran P., additional, Mathur, Mudit, additional, Matthews, Dennis J., additional, McMahon, Kelly, additional, DeMara-Hoth, Megan B., additional, Mendelsohn, Bryce, additional, Mennella, Julie A., additional, Ment, Laura R., additional, Mercuri, Eugenio, additional, Michelson, David J., additional, Mikati, Mohamad A., additional, Mikhail, Fady M., additional, Miller, Steven Paul, additional, Milunsky, Jeff M., additional, Mink, Jonathan W., additional, Mirzaa, Ghayda M., additional, Mitchell, Wendy G., additional, Mohan, Michael A., additional, Mohassel, Payam, additional, Moharir, Mahendranath, additional, Monani, Umrao R., additional, Monje Deisseroth, Michelle, additional, Moodley, Manikum, additional, Mower, Andrew, additional, Moxley, Richard T., additional, Mueller, Sabine, additional, Muotri, Alysson R., additional, Nagamani, Sandesh C.S., additional, Narayanan, Mohan J., additional, Narayanan, Vinodh, additional, Nass, Ruth D., additional, Neul, Jeffrey L., additional, Nevo, Yoram, additional, Ng, Bobby G., additional, Nickels, Katherine C., additional, Nimmo, Graeme A.M., additional, Noetzel, Michael J., additional, Norcliffe-Kaufmann, Lucy, additional, Nordli, Douglas R., additional, Nowak-Göttl, Ulrike, additional, O'Brien, Hope L., additional, Oleszek, Joyce, additional, Oskoui, Maryam, additional, Paciorkowski, Alex R., additional, Packer, Roger J., additional, Packman, Seymour, additional, Palma, Jose-Alberto, additional, Pardo, Andrea C., additional, Parsons, Julie A., additional, Partridge, John Colin, additional, Pastores, Gregory M., additional, Patterson, Marc C., additional, Pearce, William J., additional, Pearl, Phillip L., additional, Penner, Melanie, additional, Percival, Leila, additional, Pereira, Marcia, additional, Pfister, Stefan M., additional, Phillips, John, additional, Plecko, Barbara, additional, Plioplys, Sigita, additional, Poduri, Annapurna, additional, Poisson, Sharon, additional, Pomeroy, Scott L., additional, Poretti, Andrea, additional, Powers, Scott W., additional, Pranzatelli, Michael R., additional, Przekop, Allison, additional, Rabie, Malcolm, additional, Rangasamy, Sampathkumar, additional, Raymond, Gerald V., additional, Reddy, Alyssa T., additional, Rendleman, Rebecca L., additional, Rho, Jong M., additional, Rodan, Lance H., additional, Roddy, Sarah M., additional, Rogers, Elizabeth E., additional, Rosenthal, Stephen M., additional, Rosman, N. Paul, additional, Ross, M. Elizabeth, additional, Rotenberg, Alexander, additional, Rust, Robert S., additional, Sanchez, Cheryl P., additional, Sanchez, Pedro, additional, Sánchez Fernández, Iván, additional, Sands, Tristan T., additional, Sanger, Terence D., additional, Sannagowdara, Kumar, additional, Scheinost, Dustin, additional, Scher, Mark S., additional, Schor, Nina F., additional, Schrauwen, Isabelle, additional, Segal, Michael M., additional, Seinfeld, Syndi, additional, Selcen, Duygu, additional, Seltzer, Laurie E., additional, Semrud-Clikeman, Margaret, additional, Shaw, Dennis W., additional, Shaywitz, Bennett A., additional, Shaywitz, Sally E., additional, Shellhaas, Renée A., additional, Sherr, Elliott H., additional, Sheth, Rita D., additional, Shevell, Michael I., additional, Shinnar, Shlomo, additional, Shofty, Ben, additional, Shu, Stanford K., additional, Shy, Michael E., additional, Silveira Moriyama, Laura, additional, Silvestri, Nicholas J., additional, Sims, Katherine B., additional, Singer, Harvey S., additional, Singhal, Nilika Shah, additional, Smith, Craig M., additional, Smith, Edward, additional, Smith, Stephen A., additional, Snyder, Evan Y., additional, Soul, Janet, additional, Spalink, Christy L., additional, Spencer, Karen A., additional, Stafstrom, Carl E., additional, Steinfeld, Robert, additional, Strober, Jonathan B., additional, Sullivan, Joseph, additional, Swaiman, Kenneth F., additional, Swoboda, Kathryn J., additional, Tate, Elizabeth D., additional, Tatum, William O., additional, Tein, Ingrid, additional, Tekulve, Kristyn, additional, Tenney, Jeffrey R., additional, Thiele, Elizabeth A., additional, Thompson-Stone, Robert, additional, Tochen, Laura, additional, Tormoehlen, Laura M., additional, Tran, Lily, additional, Trauner, Doris A., additional, Turnacioglu, Sinan O., additional, Ullrich, Nicole J., additional, Urion, David K., additional, Van Camp, Guy, additional, Van Hirtum-Das, Michèle, additional, van Karnebeek, Clara D.M., additional, Van Maldergem, Lionel, additional, Vanderver, Adeline, additional, Vitanza, Nicholas A., additional, von Rhein, Michael, additional, von Scheven, Emily, additional, Wagner, Ann, additional, Wainwright, Mark S., additional, Walker, Melissa A., additional, Walkup, John T., additional, Walsh, Laurence, additional, Walters-Sen, Lauren C., additional, Wang, Raymond Y., additional, Warner, Thomas T., additional, Whelan, Harry T., additional, Weinberg, Geoffrey A., additional, Wells, Elizabeth M., additional, Wheless, James W., additional, Wirrell, Elaine C., additional, Wisoff, Jeffrey H., additional, Wolf, Nicole I., additional, Wolfe, Gil I., additional, Wright, F. Virginia, additional, Wycliffe, Nathaniel D., additional, Yang, Michele L., additional, Yuskaitis, Christopher J., additional, Zoghbi, Huda Y., additional, and Zupanc, Mary L., additional
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- 2017
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27. 50 Years Ago in T J P
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Shaywitz, Bennett A., primary
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- 2022
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28. Diffusion tensor imaging correlates of reading ability in dysfluent and non-impaired readers
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Lebel, Catherine, Shaywitz, Bennett, Holahan, John, Shaywitz, Sally, Marchione, Karen, and Beaulieu, Christian
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- 2013
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29. Longitudinal Models of Developmental Dynamics Between Reading and Cognition from Childhood to Adolescence
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American Psychological Association, Washington, DC., Ferrer, Emilio, McArdle, John J., and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
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The authors applied linear dynamic models to longitudinal data to examine the dynamics of reading and cognition from 1st to 12th grade. They used longitudinal data (N=445) from the Connecticut Longitudinal Study (S. E. Shaywitz, B. A. Shaywitz, J. M. Fletcher, & M. D. Escobar, 1990) to map the dynamic interrelations of various scales of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children--Revised (i.e., Full, Performance, and Verbal) and specific markers of the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery--Revised reading cluster (i.e., Letter-Word ID, Decoding, and Comprehension). The results of these analyses indicate that (a) there is a positive dynamic relation between reading and cognition across the selected age range; (b) this dynamic relation is symbiotic, with positive influences in both directions; (c) the influence from cognition to reading is stronger when considering the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children Performance--Revised Performance scale and weaker with the Verbal scale; (d) when examining the different Reading subtests, the influences from cognition are more apparent for Letter-Word ID and Comprehension and are less perceptible for Decoding; and (e) the dynamics of reading and cognition appear to be of stronger magnitude during 1st to 3rd grade, less strong during 4th to 8th grade, and weaker from 9th to 12th grade.
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- 2007
30. Evidence-Based Reading Policy in the United States: How Scientific Research Informs Instructional Practices
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Lyon, G. Reid, Shaywitz, Sally E., and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
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Representing a dramatic shift in education thinking, converging evidence now supports a reliance on findings from rigorous scientific research to guide education policy initiatives in the United States. Particularly for early reading instruction, scientific research has provided the framework for establishing the most effective measures for the identification, remediation, and even prevention of reading difficulties in school-age children. Recent advances in imaging technology, particularly the development of functional magnetic resonance imaging, provide evidence of the neurobiological mechanisms in reading and reading difficulties. These imaging studies show that the brain systems for reading are malleable and that the neural systems for reading in struggling readers may be facilitated by provision of an evidence-based, effective reading intervention. The new science of reading offers the promise for more precise identification and effective management of reading difficulties in children, adolescents, and adults. (Contains 101 notes.)
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- 2005
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31. Psychometric Approaches to the Identification of LD: IQ and Achievement Scores Are Not Sufficient
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Francis,David J, Fletcher,Jack M., Stuebing,Karla K., Lyon,G. Reid, Shaywitz,Bennett A, and Shaywitz,Sally E.
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Simulated data were used to demonstrate that groups formed by imposing cut-points based on either discrepancy or low-achievement definitions of learning disabilities (LD) are unstable over time. Similar problems were demonstrated in longitudinal data from the Connecticut Longitudinal Study, where 39% of the children designated as having LD in Grade 3 changed group placement with repeated testing in Grade 5. These results show that the practice of subdividing a normal distribution with arbitrary cut-points leads to instability in group membership. Approaches to the identification of children as having LD based solely on individual test scores not linked to specific behavioral criteria lead to invalid decisions about individual children. Low-achievement definitions are not a viable alternative to IQ-discrepancy definitions in the absence of other criteria, such as the traditional exclusions and response to quality intervention. If we accept the premise of multiple classes of low achievers, then we must develop identification systems that are valid and abandon systems whose only merits are their historical precedence and convenience.
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- 2005
32. Evidence-Based Reading Policy in the United States: How Scientific Research Informs Instructional Practices
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Lyon, Reid, Shaywitz, Sally E, Shaywitz, Bennett A, and Chhabra, Vinita
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- 2005
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33. Effects of Intensive Reading Remediation for Second and Third Graders and a 1-Year Follow-Up
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Blachman, Benita A., Schatschneider, Christopher, Fletcher, Jack M., Francis, David J., Clonan, Sheila M., Shaywitz, Bennett A., and Shaywitz, Sally E.
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Second- and 3rd-grade children with poor word-level skills were randomly assigned to 8 months of explicit instruction emphasizing the phonologic and orthographic connections in words and text-based reading or to remedial reading programs provided by the schools. At posttest, treatment children showed significantly greater gains than control children in real word and nonword reading, reading rate, passage reading, and spelling, and largely maintained gains at a 1-year follow-up. Growth curve analyses indicated significant differences in growth rate during the treatment year, but not during the follow-up year. Results indicate that research-based practices can significantly improve reading and spelling outcomes for children in remedial programs.
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- 2004
34. Reading Disability and the Brain
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Shaywitz, Sally E. and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
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A weakness in accessing the sounds of spoken language represents the most robust and specific correlate of reading disability in young school age children and adolescents. Neurological science and reading research that provides the scientific knowledge regarding this disability is presented.
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- 2004
35. The New Science of Reading and Its Implications for the Classroom
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Shaywitz, Sally E. and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
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The past decade has witnessed an unprecedented collaboration between science and education, so that there has now been a sea of change, not only in understanding the underlying basis for reading and reading disability, but perhaps most critically, in the recognition that teaching reading must be driven by science. This article discusses evidence-based education, and explains why this new era in education demands knowledgeable teachers who understand the science of reading and their critical role in teaching children to read. (Contains 3 figures and 19 endnotes.)
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- 2004
36. A Definition of Dyslexia.
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Lyon, G. Reid, Shaywitz, Sally E., and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
- Abstract
This paper elaborates on components of a working definition of developmental dyslexia proposed in 1995 by G. R. Lyon. The 2003 revised definition, based on converging scientific evidence, was developed by a working group of the International Dyslexia Association. The new definition notes the condition's neurobiologic origin and typical presence of a deficit in the phonological component of language. (Contains references.) (DB)
- Published
- 2003
37. Translating Scientific Progress in Dyslexia into Twenty-first Century Diagnosis and Interventions
- Author
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Shaywitz, Bennett A., primary, Weiss, Lawrence G., additional, Saklofske, Donald H., additional, and Shaywitz, Sally E., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. List of Contributors
- Author
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Beal, A. Lynne, primary, Breaux, Kristina, additional, Daniel, Mark, additional, Drozdick, Lisa, additional, Grégoire, Jacques, additional, Harris, Jossette G., additional, Holdnack, James A., additional, Llorente, Antolin M., additional, Locke, Victoria, additional, Miller, Jessie L., additional, Munoz, Maria R., additional, Pan, Tianshu, additional, Prifitera, Aurelio, additional, Saklofske, Donald H., additional, Shaywitz, Bennett A., additional, Shaywitz, Sally E., additional, Wahlstrom, Dustin, additional, and Weiss, Lawrence G., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Validity of IQ-Discrepancy Classifications of Reading Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis.
- Author
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Stuebing, Karla K., Fletcher, Jack M., LeDoux, Josette M., Lyon, G. Reid, Shaywitz, Sally E., and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
- Abstract
Conducted a meta-analysis of 46 studies addressing the validity of classifying poor readers by the discrepancy between IQ and reading skills. Children who are poor readers but do not display such a discrepancy are not eligible for special education under the learning disability category. Results provide little evidence in support of the validity of the IQ-discrepancy classification. (SLD)
- Published
- 2002
40. Uncoupling of Reading and IQ Over Time: Empirical Evidence for a Definition of Dyslexia
- Author
-
Ferrer, Emilio, Shaywitz, Bennett A., Holahan, John M., Marchione, Karen, and Shaywitz, Sally E.
- Published
- 2010
41. The Education of Dyslexic Children from Childhood to Young Adulthood
- Author
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Shaywitz, Sally E., Morris, Robin, and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Comprehension and Decoding: Patterns of Association in Children with Reading Difficulties.
- Author
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Shankweiler, Donald, Lundquist, Eric, Katz, Leonard, Stuebing, Karla K., Fletcher, Jack M., Brady, Susan, Fowler, Anne, Dreyer, Lois G., Marchione, Karen E., Shaywitz, Sally E., and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
- Abstract
Finds high correlations between word reading and nonword reading; and skill in word identification was almost inseparable from the phonologically analytic decoding process that is tapped by nonword reading. Notes differences in reading comprehension were closely associated with differences in decoding skill. (SC)
- Published
- 1999
43. Neural Mechanisms in Dyslexia
- Author
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Shaywitz, Sally E., Mody, Maria, and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
- Published
- 2006
44. Family History Is Not Useful in Screening Children for Dyslexia
- Author
-
Ferrer, Emilio, primary, Shaywitz, Bennett A., additional, Holahan, John M., additional, and Shaywitz, Sally E., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Intelligent Testing and the Discrepancy Model for Children with Learning Disabilities.
- Author
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Fletcher, Jack M., Francis, David J., Shaywitz, Sally E., Lyon, G. Reid, Foorman, Barbara R., Stuebing, Karla K., and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
- Abstract
Reviews the historical basis and rationale for identifying children as learning disabled due to a discrepancy between scores on measures of intelligence and achievement. Discusses the validity of such classifications and the role of IQ testing in the designation of children as learning disabled for research and public policy. Alternative approaches to classification are considered. (DB)
- Published
- 1998
46. Subtypes of Reading Disability: Variability around a Phonological Core.
- Author
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Morris, Robin D., Stuebing, Karla K., Fletcher, Jack M., Shaywitz, Sally E., Lyon, G. Reid, Shankweiler, Donald P., Katz, Leonard, Francis, David J., and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
- Abstract
Eight measures of cognitive and language function of 232 elementary school children were subjected to multiple methods of cluster analysis in an effort to identity subtypes of reading disability. Results, which yielded nine reliable subtypes, suggest that children with reading disability usually display impairments on phonological awareness measures and discriminative variability on other skills. (SLD)
- Published
- 1998
47. The Yale Center for the Study of Learning and Attention: Longitudinal and Neurobiological Studies.
- Author
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Shaywitz, Bennett A.
- Abstract
This paper discusses the results of two learning disabilities investigations conducted at the Yale Center: (1) research from longitudinal studies on the development of children not identified as having a disability and (2) neurobiological studies that employ functional magnetic resonance imaging. Other ongoing studies at the center are also described. (CR)
- Published
- 1997
48. Contributors
- Author
-
Abzug, Mark J., Acharya, Krishna K., Adams, Denise M., Adelson, Stewart, Adrian, Molly C., Ahlfeld, Shawn K., Aiken, John J., Akdis, Cezmi A., Albokhari, Daniah, Alderman, Elizabeth M., Ali, Omar, Allen-Rhoades, Wendy A., Almutlaq, Nourah N., Amos, Louella B., Anari, Jason B., Anderson, Karl E., Anupindi, Sudha A., Appleby, Brian S., Ardoin, Stacy P., Arkader, Alexandre, Armangué, Thaís, Arndt, Carola A.S., Arnold, Danielle E., Artis, Adrianne R., Asher, David M., Asselin, Barbara L., Astley, Christina M., Atkinson, Norrell K., Augustine, Erika F., Augustyn, Marilyn C., Bacharier, Leonard B., Bacino, Carlos A., Bailey, Zinzi D., Balamuth, Frances B., Baldassano, Robert N., Baldwin, Keith D., Bales, Christina B., Balistreri, William F., Balwani, Manisha, Bamba, Vaneeta, Banerji, Aleena, Bang, Janet Y., Barai, Nikita, Baranowski, Katherine, Barclay, Sarah F., Barkoudah, Elizabeth, Barrero-Castillero, Alejandra, Barrett, Katherine J., Barron, Karyl S., Basel, Donald, Bass, Dorsey M., Bassett, Mary T., Bassiri, Hamid, Baum, Rebecca A., Behrens, Edward M., Bell, Michael J., Benjamin, Daniel K., Jr., Bennett, Amanda E., Bergerson, Jenna R.E., Bernstein, Daniel, Bernstein, Henry H., Bice-Urbach, Brittany J., Bielory, Brett P., Bielory, Leonard, Blanchard, Samra S., Blanchette, Eliza, Blatter, Joshua A., Bleyer, Archie, Boas, Steven R., Bock, Margret E., Boggs, Sarah R., Boivin, Michael J., Bonn, Julie, Bonthius, Daniel J., Boppana, Suresh B., Bordini, Brett J., Borst, Alexandra J., Bosse, Kristopher R., Boyer, Kenneth M., Brady, Patrick W., Brady, Rebecca C., Brady, Samuel L., Branchford, Brian R., Brandow, Amanda M., Brandsma, Erik, Breault, David T., Breuner, Cora Collette, Bridgemohan, Carolyn F., Britt, William J., Brower, Laura, Brown, Maria D., Brownell, Jefferson N., Browning, Meghen B., Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bunyavanich, Supinda, Burstein, Danielle S., Bustinduy, Amaya L., Buyon, Jill P., Cabada, Miguel M., Cada, Michaela, Cairo, Mitchell S., Calello, Diane P., Cameron, Lindsay H., Campbell, Angela J.P., Candelaria, Margo, Cannon, Laura, Carlin, Rebecca F., Carlucci, James G., Carr, Michael R., Carrigan, Robert B., Carter, Rebecca G., Carter-Hamilton, Gail V., Case, Abigail, Chang, Pearl W., Chelimsky, Gisela G., Chelimsky, Thomas, Chemaitilly, Wassim, Chiotos, Kathleen, Chiu, Yvonne E., Chong, Hey Jin, Chou, Stella T., Christ, Lori A., Christenson, John C., Chugh, Ankur A., Cieslak, Theodore J., Claes, Donna J., Coates, Thomas D., Sánchez Códez, María I., Coffin, Susan E., Cohen, Mitchell B., Cohen, Susan S., Cole, F. Sessions, III, Collaco, J. Michael, Collins, James W., Jr., Congeni, Joseph A., Conrad, Máire A., Corcoran, Justin N., Corley, Alexandra M.S., Cox, Amanda L., Coyle, Anne M., Coyne-Beasley, Tamera, Craig, Sansanee S., Creighton, Sarah M., Crigger, Chad B., Crowe, James E., Jr., Culbert, Gabriel, Czinn, Steven J., Dalal, Aarti S., Dalmau, Josep, D’Andrea, Lynn A., Danziger-Isakov, Lara A., Darville, Toni, David, Richard J., Davidoff, Katharine, Davidson, Loren T., Davidson, Richard S., Davies, H. Dele, Davis, Stephanie D., Davis-Kankanamge, Christina, Daw, Najat C., Dean, Shannon L., DeBiasi, Roberta L., Delair, Shirley, DeLaroche, Amy M., De León-Crutchlow, Diva D., Oquendo Del Toro, Helen M., Del Valle Mojica, Coralee, DeMaso, David R., Dendrinos, Melina L., Dent, Arlene E., Desnick, Robert J., Deterding, Robin R., Devarajan, Prasad, deVeber, Gabrielle A., Dhar, Vineet K., Dhossche, Julie M., Diab, Liliane K., Di Carlo, Heather N., Dietz, Harry C., III, Dietze-Fiedler, Megan L., DiMeglio, Linda A., Dixon, Bradley P., DiVasta, Amy D., Dlamini, Nomazulu, Dobbs, Katherine R., Dodhia, Sonam N., Doerholt, Katja, Dolin, Cara D., Dominguez, Samuel R., Donohoue, Patricia A., Dow, Jennifer, Downes, Kevin J., Doyle, Daniel A., Doyle, Jefferson J., Dror, Yigal, Dubowitz, Howard, Dumler, J. Stephen, Duncan, Andrea F., Durant, Nefertiti H., Dvergsten, Jeffrey A., Earing, Michael G., Eberly, Col. Matthew D., Egan, Marie E., Eichenwald, Eric C., Elkadri, Abdul-Aziz K., Englander, Elizabeth, Ericson, Jessica E., Erkan, Elif, Etzel, Ruth A., Evans, Sarah Helen, Faherty, Erin, Falk, Marni J., Familiar-Lopez, Itziar, Fargo, John H., Feemster, Kristen A., Fehnel, Katie P., Feigelman, Susan, Feldman, Amy G., Feldman, Heidi M., Fels, Edward C., Felner, Eric I., Feng, Sing-Yi, Ferkol, Thomas W., Jr., Finberg, Karin E., Finder, Jonathan D., Fiorino, Kristin N., Fischer, Philip R., Fitzpatrick, Anne M., Flannery, Dustin D., Fleming, Nicholas L., Flood, Veronica H., Flores, Francisco X., Flynn, Joseph T., Flynn, Patricia M., Foglia, Elizabeth E., Forkey, Heather C., Forman, Joel A., Freeman, Alexandra F., Friedman, Deborah M., Friedman, Susan A., Friehling, Erika D., Fritz, Stephanie A., Frush, Donald P., Fuleihan, Ramsay L., Gahagan, Sheila, Gallagher, Patrick G., Galloway, David P., Gans, Hayley A., Garber, Andrea K., Gardiner, Paula M., Garibaldi, Luigi R., Gauthier, Gregory M., Gerber, Jeffrey S., Gershon, Anne A., Ghadersohi, Saied, Gibbs, Kathleen A., Gibson, Mark, Gigante, Joseph, Gigliotti, Francis, Gilley, Stephanie P., Gilliam, Walter S., Ginde, Salil, Girotto, John A., Goldfarb, Samuel B., Goldman, David L., Goldman, Stanton C., Gómez-Duarte, Oscar G., Good, Misty, Goodbody, Christine M., Goodman, Denise M., Goodman, Tracey, Goodyer, William R., Gordon, Catherine M., Gordon, Leslie B., Gordon, Rebecca J., Gordon-Lipkin, Eliza, Gorelik, Michael, Gower, W. Adam, Graber, Evan G., Graff, Zachary T., Graham, Robert J., Green, Cori M., Green, Michael, Greenbaum, Larry A., Greenbaum, V. Jordan, Greiner, Mary V., Griffiths, Anne G., Grizzle, Kenneth L., Groner, Judith A., Grumach, Anete Sevciovic, Gueye-Ndiaye, Seyni, Guz-Mark, Anat, Haamid, Fareeda, Haddad, Gabriel G., Haddad, Joseph, Jr., Haemer, Matthew A., Hagan, Joseph F., Jr., Haider, Suraiya K., Hakim, Hana, Haldeman-Englert, Chad R., Halstead, Scott B., Hamie, Lamiaa, Hammerschlag, Margaret R., Hammershaimb, E. Adrianne, Hampton, Elisa, Hamvas, Aaron, Hanchard, Neil A., Hanley, Patrick C., Hanna, Melisha G., Harijan, Pooja D., Harrison, Douglas J., Harstad, Elizabeth B., Haslam, David B., Hauck, Fern R., Havers, Fiona P., Hayes, Ericka V., Heard-Garris, Nia J., Hedrick, Holly L., Hemingway, Cheryl, Heneghan, Chelsea, Hernandez, Michelle L., Hernandez-Trujillo, Vivian P., Hernandez Tejada, Fiorela N., Herrick, Heidi M., Hershey, Andrew D., Herzog, Cynthia E., Heston, Sarah M., Hijazi, Ghada, Hill, Samantha V., Hochberg, Jessica, Hodes, Deborah, Hoefgen, Holly R., Holinger, Lauren D., Holland-Hall, Cynthia M., Hollenbach, Laura L., Holler-Managan, Yolanda F., Hooper, David K., Hooven, Thomas A., Hoover-Fong, Julie E., Hopper, Rachel K., Hord, Jeffrey D., Horn, B. David, Horstmann, Helen M., Hotez, Peter J., House, Samantha A., Howard, Ashley C., Howard, Mary Beth, Hsu, Evelyn K., Hsu, Katherine, Huddleston, Heather G., Huh, Winston W., Humphrey, Stephen R., Hunstad, David A., Hunger, Stephen P., Hunt, Carl E., Huppert, Stacey S., Huppler, Anna R., Hurt, Hallam, Izumi, Kosuke, Jackson, Allison M., Jackson, Mary Anne, Jaffe, Ashlee M., James, Kiera M., Janowski, Andrew B., Jenssen, Brian P., Jinnah, H.A., John, Chandy C., Johansen, Kari, Johnson, Susan L., Johnston, Brian D., Jongco, Artemio M., III, Josephson, Cassandra D., Joyce, Joel C., Jyonouchi, Soma, Kabbany, Mohammad Nasser, Kabbouche, Marielle, Kacperski, Joanne, Kadry, Nadia A., Kaj-Carbaidwala, Batul, Kalish, Jennifer M., Kamat, Deepak, Kansra, Alvina R., Kanter, David M., Kao, Carol M., Kapavarapu, Prasanna K., Kattan, Jacob, Kelly, Andrea, Kelly, Desmond P., Kelly, Matthew S., Kelly, Michael E., Kendi, Sadiqa, Kerem, Eitan, Kerr, Julie M., Khan, David A., Khan, Seema, Khatami, Ameneh, Khaytin, Ilya, Kier, Catherine, Kilinsky, Alexandra, Kim, Chong-Tae, Kim, Jung Won, Kim, Rosa K., King, J. Michael, Kirschen, Matthew P., Kishnani, Priya S., Klawonn, Meghan A., Klein, Bruce L., Klein, Bruce S., Kliegman, Alison S., Kliegman, Robert M., Kneyber, Martin C.J., Koch, William C., Kochanek, Patrick M., Kodish, Eric, Kohlhoff, Stephan A., Kortepeter, Mark G., Kotloff, Karen L., Koumbourlis, Anastassios C., Krause, Peter J., Krebs, Nancy F., Kreipe, Richard E., Krug, Steven E., Kwiatkowski, Janet L., Kwon, Jennifer M., Ladisch, Stephan, Lakser, Oren J., Lalor, Leah, Lam, Simon, Lambert, Michele P., Lampe, Christina, Landry, Gregory L., Lane, Wendy G., Larson, A. Noelle, LaRussa, Phillip S., Lawrence, J. Todd R., Lee, Brendan, Lee, Erica H., Leiding, Jennifer W., Lemmon, Monica E., Lesser, Daniel J., Lestrud, Steven O., Leung, Donald Y.M., Levas, Michael N., Liacouras, Chris A., Lipkin, Paul H., Liptzin, Deborah R., Liu, Andrew H., Lo, Mindy S., Lo, Stanley F., Long, Sarah S., Lord, Katherine, Macias, Charles G., Macias, Michelle M., Macumber, Ian R., Magnusson, Mark R., Magoulas, Pilar L., Maguire, Kathleen J., Mahajan, Prashant V., Majzoub, Joseph A., Mamula, Petar, Manak, Colleen K., Mangus, Courtney W., Manoli, Irini, Manzur, Adnan Y., Maqbool, Asim, Maranich, Col. Ashley M., Margetts, Miranda, Margolis, David, Marin, Mona, Marini, Joan C., Markowitz, Morri, Maroushek, Stacene R., Marsh, Justin D., Marshall, Trisha L., Martin, Kari L., Masson, Vicki K., Matalon, Dena R., Matalon, Reuben K., Mathijssen, Irene M.J., Reddy Matta, Sravan Kumar, Maxwell, Elizabeth C., Maybank, Aletha, McCabe, Megan E., McCain, Darla H., McColley, Susanna A., McConnico, Neena, McCormick, Elizabeth M., McDonald, Christine M., McGovern, Margaret M., McGrath-Morrow, Sharon A., McInerney, Alissa, McKinney, Jeffrey S., McLeod, Rima, McVay-Gillam, Marcene R., Meade, Julia C., Meehan, William P., III, Mejias, Asuncion, Melby, Peter C., Melzer-Lange, Marlene D., Merves, Jamie F., Messacar, Kevin B., Michaels, Marian G., Michniacki, Thomas F., Mikati, Mohamad A., Miller-Handley, Hilary E., Mink, Jonathan W., Mirasola, Karolyn, Mistovich, R. Justin, Mohr, Emma L., Montoya-Williams, Diana, Moon, Rachel Y., Morava, Eva, Moreno, Megan A., Morgan, Ryan W., Morrison, Peter E., Morrison, Wynne, Mukhopadhyay, Sagori, Munoz, Flor M., Munson, David A., Murphy, Timothy F., Murray, Karen F., Murray, Thomas S., Mutlu, Levent, Nagata, Jason M., Narula, Sona, Nataro, James P., Navsaria, Dipesh, Nduati, Ruth W., Nehus, Edward J., Nelson, Maureen R., Neri, Caitlin M., Nevin, Mary A., Newburger, Jane W., Newmark, Jonathan, Nield, Linda S., Niermeyer, Susan, Nocton, James J., Nogee, Lawrence M., Noje, Corina, Nowak-Wegrzyn, Anna H., Obaro, Stephen K., Obeid, Makram M., O’Callaghan, Kevin P., Oleszek, Joyce L., Olitsky, Scott E., Olsson, John M., O’Neill, Meghan E., Onigbanjo, Mutiat T., Opoka, Robert O., Orenstein, Walter A., Orkin, Sarah H., Orscheln, Rachel C., Ortega, Camile, O’Toole, Timothy R., Owens, Judith A., Ozen, Seza, Pach, Sophie, Pachter, Lee M., Padhye, Amruta, Pandurangi, Sindhu, Pak-Gorstein, Suzinne, Palla, John, Palmieri, Tina L., Palmieri, Jessica M., Pappas, Diane E., Parent, John J., Parga-Belinkie, Joanna J., Parikh, Bijal A., Parker, Alasdair P.J., Partridge, Emily A., Patel, Ami B., Patel, Trusha, Patrick, Stephen W., Patterson, Briana C., Pelosi, Emanuele, Permar, Sallie R., Perry, Michael, Perry, Tamara T., Peters, Mark J., Peters, Timothy R., Peterson, Stacy J.B., Phelan, Rachel A., Pinto, Anna L., Pipan, Mary, Player, Brittany, Prince, William Benjamin, Proctor, Mark R., Prozora, Stephanie, Pryor, Howard I., II, Pyles, Lee A., Quinn, Molly M., Quint, Elisabeth H., Rabinovich, C. Egla, Raffini, Leslie J., Ragoonanan, Dristhi S., Rahman, Shamima, Ralston, Shawn L., Ram, Sanjay, Ramilo, Octavio, Ramirez, Kacy A., Rand, Casey M., Rasmussen, Sonja A., Rathke, Kevin M., Ratner, Adam J., Ratner, Lee, Reed, Ann M., Reich, Patrick J., Reif, Shimon, Reller, Megan E., Remick, Katherine E., Remiker, Allison S., Reyes, Jorge D., Richardson, Katherine M., Rintoul, Natalie E., Ritchey, A. Kim, Robinson, Angela Byun, Rodrigues, Kristine Knuti, Rogers, Michael E., Romano, Mary E., Roosevelt, Genie E., Roper, Stephen M., Rosenthal, Stephen M., Ross, A. Catharine, Rossano, Joseph W., Rothman, Jennifer A., Rotta, Alexandre T., Rozenfeld, Ranna A., Russo, Michael E., Ryan, Kelsey S., Ryan, Monique M., Ryu, Julie, Sabbagh, Sara E., Sachdev, H.P.S., Sadarangani, Manish, Sadun, Rebecca E., Sahin, Mustafa, Saint-Cyr, Martine, Salata, Robert A., Salazar, José H., Salvana, Edsel Maurice T., Samelson-Jones, Benjamin J., Sammons, Julia S., Sampson, Hugh A., Samsel, Chase B., Sandora, Thomas J., Sankar, Wudbhav N., Sarnaik, Ashok P., Sato, Alice I., Satter, Lisa Forbes, Scaggs Huang, Felicia A., Schaffzin, Joshua K., Schechter, Michael S., Schilling, Samantha, Schleiss, Mark R., Schluter, W. William, Schondelmeyer, Amanda C., Schroeder, James W., Jr., Schulte, Elaine E., Schuster, Jennifer E., Schuster, Marcy, Schuster, Mark A., Scott, Daryl A., Scott, John P., Seaborg, Kristin A., Seed, Patrick C., Serwint, Janet R., Shah, Dheeraj, Shah, Samir S., Shah, Shivang S., Shamir, Raanan, Shanti, Christina M., Shapiro, Bruce K., Shaywitz, Bennett A., Shaywitz, Sally E., Shchelochkov, Oleg A., Shulman, Stanford T., Sicherer, Scott H., Simmons, Jeffrey M., Simões, Eric A.F., Simonsen, Kari A., Simpson, Tess S., Sinclair-McBride, Keneisha R., Singh, Arunjot, Sink, Jacquelyn R., Sisk, Bryan A., Sivaraman, Vidya, Slattery, Susan M., Slavotinek, Anne M., Smith, Jessica R., Smith-Whitley, Kim, Solensky, Roland, Son, Mary Beth F., Soranno, Danielle E., Sosa, Tina K., Soto-Rivera, Carmen L., Sosinsky, Laura Stout, Souder, Emily E., Souverbielle, Cristina Tomatis, Spearman, Paul, Spiegel, David A., Spinks-Franklin, Adiaha I.A., Sprecher, Alicia J., Squires, James E., Srivastava, Siddharth, St. Geme, Joseph W., III, St. John, Rachel D., Stambough, Kathryn C., Stanberry, Lawrence R., Starke, Jeffrey R., Starr, Taylor B., Steenhoff, Andrew P., Stein, Ronen E., Steinbach, William J., Stillwell, Terri L., Stone, Deborah L., Su, Stefani, Sucato, Gina S., Suchy, Frederick J., Sullivan, Kathleen E., Swami, Sanjeev K., Szafron, Vibha A., Szilagyi, Moira, Taha, Dalal, Tan, Libo, Tantisira, Kelan G., Taylor, Alex M., Tchapyjnikov, Dmitry, Tesini, Brenda L., Theobald, Jillian L., Thielen, Beth K., Thom, Christopher S., Thornburg, Courtney D., Tieder, Joel S., Tissières, Pierre, Tolentino, Victorio R., Jr., Topjian, Alexis A., Tower, Richard L., Trachtman, Rebecca, Triebwasser, Jourdan E., Trowbridge, Sara K., Truglio, Joseph M., Tubergen, David G., Turk, Margaret A., Tymon-Rosario, Joan R., Ufberg, Paul J., Ullrich, Christina, Ullrich, Nicole, Valika, Taher S., Van Hare, George F., Van Mater, Heather A., Varnell, Charles D., Jr., Vash-Margita, Alla, Vece, Timothy J., Vemana, Aarthi P., Venditti, Charles P., Vepraskas, Sarah, Verbsky, James W., Vermilion, Jennifer A., Vickery, Brian P., Vockley, Jerry, Voynow, Judith A., Walch, Abby, Waldrop, Stephanie W., Walker, David M., Walkovich, Kelly J., Walter, Heather J., Wambach, Jennifer A., Wamithi, Susan, Wang, Julie, Wang, Marie E., Wangler, Michael F., Ware, Stephanie M., Washam, Matthew C., Wasserman, Jonathan D., Wassner, Ari J., Watson, Andrew M., Wattier, Rachel L., Weber, David R., Webster, Jennifer, Weese-Mayer, Debra E., Weinberg, Jason B., Weinman, Jason P., Weisman, Steven J., Weiss, Anna K., Weiss, Scott L., Weiss, Pamela F., Weitzman, Carol C., Wells, Lawrence, Wen, Jessica W., Wendel, Danielle R., Werlin, Steven L., Wexler, Isaiah D., Whitaker, Alexander S., White, A. Clinton, Jr., White, Perrin C., Willoughby, Rodney E., Jr., Wilschanski, Michael, Wiley, Susan E., Williams, Brendan A., Wilson, Karen M., Wilson, Pamela E., Winell, Jennifer J., Witters, Peter, Wolf, Joshua, Wolfe, Joanne, Wolfgram, Peter M., Woods, Brandon T., Wright, Benjamin L., Wright, Terry W., Wu, Eveline Y., Yagupsky, Pablo, Yang, Edward, Yang, Kesi C., Yang, Ming, Yaron, Michael, Younger, Sarah B., Yuskaitis, Christopher J., Zachariah, Philip, Zafar, Muhammad S., Zahler, Stacey G., Zajac, Lauren M., Zaky, Wafik, Zaspel, Jennifer A., Zerra, Patricia E., Zhou, Amy, Zuckerman, Barry S., and Zur, Karen B.
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A Definition of Dyslexia
- Author
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Lyon, G. Reid, Shaywitz, Sally E., and Shaywitz, Bennett A.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. A Matthew Effect for IQ but Not for Reading: Results from a Longitudinal Study.
- Author
-
Shaywitz, Bennett A.
- Abstract
Notes that the Matthew effect (positing that the gap between good and poor readers widens over time) is widely accepted as a description of the developmental course of reading ability. Analyzes data from the Connecticut Longitudinal Study. Finds evidence for a small Matthew effect for IQ but no evidence to support the Matthew effect for reading decoding skills. (RS)
- Published
- 1995
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