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In this research article, fixed point theory is beautifully combined with fuzzy set theory. Two fuzzy fixed point theorems of L-fuzzy mappings are established and proved for two different contractive type conditions in the scenario of complete b-metric space. In order to give the strength of these results, nontrivial supportive examples for both results are also provided. The notion of L-fuzzy mappings is a generalized form of fuzzy mappings as well as multivalued mappings. In this approach, our results provide uniqueness, extension, and successive generalizations of many valuable recent and conventional results existing in the literature.

With increasing population, world is facing a decrease in food production and increase in huger. Scientist and researchers are now trying to developing techniques to isolate the high yield varieties of staple food crops and enhance the cropping structure. In this study two varieties of wheat (T. aestivum L.) are selected and made a comparative analysis of them is carried out by making callus culture. Callus culture will give the idea about growing capabilities of each variety. Methods: In vitro propagation technique is used to induce callogenesis with the help of PGR. Auxin is used as a PGR, whereas embryos were explants used for the experiment. The experiment is divided into these stages: Surface sterilization, Stock solution formation, Media formation, Embryo excision and Frequency of Callogenesis (%). Results: Out of 60 excised embryos 18 and 12 calli were formed for Galaxy-2013-2013 and Faisalabad-2008-2008 respectively. Calli of Galaxy-2013-2013 was visible after 8 days and calli of Faisalabad-2008 were visible after 14 days. The frequency of callogenesis of both varieties was found to be 30 and 20% respectively. Conclusion: Both varieties of wheat can be cultivated on large scale and are able to generate greater yields as compared to other wheat varieties.

Objective: To find a relationship between visual acuity and contrast sensitivity testing in low vision patients of different age groups. Effect of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity on increasing age of low vision patients. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: The study included low vision patients of different age groups. Data was collected by Performa. Visual acuity was assessed by ETDRS chart and contrast sensitivity was checked by the peli-Robson chart at different distances. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 22.00. Results: The study included a total of 64 patients with low vision of different age groups. Out of 64 patients, 31(48.44%) were males and 33(51.56%) were females. Patients with age group 1-15(15.63%). Patients with age group16-30(50%) and patients with age group above 30(34.36%). Relation between CS and VA of RE with age groups. In the age group 1-15, 2 patients have VA 0.9 and CS 0.10, in age group 16-30, 4 patients have VA 0.9 and CS 0.30 and in the age group of above 30 years 2 patients have VA 1 and CS 0.30. The relation between CS and VA of LE in different age groups of low vision patients in age group 1-15, 2 patients have VA 0.7 and CS 1.35 similarly in age group 16-30, 4 patients have VA 0.9 and CS 0.30 and in the age group above 30 years 2 patients have VA 1.3 and CS 0.75. Conclusion: It is concluded that the statistical value is significant P_ 0.00 which shows a significant result. And it shows that there is a strong relationship between visual acuity and contrast sensitivity as age increases visual acuity and contrast decreases so age has to affect visual functions.

Research on burnout gained popularity in the 1970s but in the last three decades’ research about burnout gained immense popularity (Hedden, 2005, Harmesh, Laurenz, Maulana & Veen., 2018). Frudenberger (1974) defined the term (Burnout) for the first time who opined that when there are too many professional demands with limited resources and rewards, it causes a sense of chronic stress and failure. The current research study was undertaken to find out the level of burnout among secondary school English teacher and also their perception of prevention from burnout. The data from the respondents were collected through CBI inventory to measure their level of burnout and its effects on teachers at the secondary school level in district Swat. An open-ended 7 items questionnaire was used to identify the perception of the teachers about preventing them from burning out. The population for this study is comprised of government secondary schools’ teachers (230) male-only from which the sample group was selected through systematic sampling techniques. The reliability coefficient was measured through the Cronbach alpha method the= .00000. All the respondents used the categories indicating a low level of burnout and the average score of all the respondents is below 40 in most of the categories of burnout. The study recommends that the school management should take preventive measures to help teachers fight burnout on a school level and larger scale (directorate level) organizations should help teachers maintain balance in their work so that they do not fall victim to burnout. The study is of immense importance for the wellbeing of the teachers and the effective teaching-learning process. To be able to generalize the findings of the study, it is recommended for future researchers to undertake it on a larger scale such as provincial or country level. Moreover, the current research has been conducted only among male secondary school teachers. It would be interesting to see the research-based results across both genders.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer worldwide. Regular oral checkup is recommended for smokers and drinkers and preventive measures should be taken for discouraging and giving up the smoking. Persons who don’t use tobacco and alcohol individually but in the combined form, they are at more risk, because the combination which raises the risk of oral cancer 15 times in users than non-users. Although tobacco smoking and alcohol intake are risk factors of oral cancer but their combined effects are more harmful as compare to individual ones. After tobacco smoking, HPV is the most common causative agent for oral cancer in the United states. Different types of HPV are associated with infections. Skin warts are also caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). The HPV infection is transmitted through many ways. The most important of which are prenatal. genital infections, through blood, shared objects and hands. If the objects are contaminated with HPV infection, and they are shared to one person to the other, then there is a possible chance of transmission of HPV. Fingers-genital contact is a unlikely to be a significant source but it is a possible way of HPV to be transmitted.

In the present study teachers’ preferences in their instructional methods were integrated with the revised model of blooms taxonomy to seek out how much they are incorporating the instructional approaches linked with all six domains of revised bloom taxonomy. The study has also sought out the impact of teachers’ qualifications and teaching experiences on teachers’ preferences for these instructional approaches. The findings show that teachers often use the higher-order domain, while other large domains were found on average. The academic qualification and teaching experience have not found significantly correlated with these instructional approaches. The study suggests that teachers spend their time designing teaching methodologies that can promote higher-level thought skills for students, to improve their student learning qualifications. Teachers can adopt methodologies to enable their students to think and discuss the content, encourage discussion, stimulate students to find information themselves, create cause and effect, encourage student opinion, insert several characters and map concepts in the real world. Besides, additional teaching support can also be expected from educational departments and administrations.

Purpose: To check the reliability of the duo-chrome test in different age groups after best correction. Study Design: Descriptive, Cross Sectional Study. Place and Duration of Study: College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences. King Edward Medical University, Lahore from September 2019 – December 2019. Methods: Forty two cooperative patients of both genders more than 15 years of age were included but patients with poor fixation, any opacity or any other ocular pathology were excluded. Equipment used was Trial box Trial frame Auto-refractor and Snellen Chart. Group 1 composed of 17 patients (15 – 35 years of age). Group 2 (36 – 60 years) had 15 patients and group 3 (age 61-80 years) comprised of 10 patients. Data was collected on self-designed Performa. Duo Chrome was dependent variable and gender was independent variable. Data was analyzed by using statistical package for social science (SPSS22.00) and chi square test was applied. Results: Out 42, 21 patients reported red, 12 reported green and 9 patients reported equally clear in the right eye. P value=0.156 showed that duo chrome test was equally reliable in every age group in the right eye. Similar results with p = 0.755 showed that duo chrome test was equally reliable in every age group in the left eye. Test when performed bilaterally, showed similar results. Out of 42 patients, 32 were satisfied and 10 were not satisfied with the test. Conclusion: Red Green duo-chrome test is equally reliable in all age groups to confirm refraction. Key Words: Duo chrome test, Refraction, Myopia, Hypermetropia.

Iron is an exceedingly important nutrient of the human body that has the ability to proceed the formation of free radicals and helps in the process of redox cycling with many different roles in metastasis and in microenvironment. It is required for many complex biological processes occurring in cells and inevitable for its viability and human survival. Such processes include oxygen transportation within body, cell proliferation and growth. It produces free radicals and has redox cycling capacity which may be responsible for tumorigenesis as well. Iron metabolic pathways are new therapeutic strategies for improving cancer prognosis and treatment as reprogramming of iron metabolism is a key aspect for tumor cells growth and survival.

Medical students are at risk of developing stress due to sleep deprivation. Students become agitated and increase their day time sleeping time. This stress greatly affects the academic performance and later on their clinical skills. Objectives: To analyze association between perceived stresses and sleep disturbance in medical students. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: Present study was conducted in Gujranwala after ethical approval. Sample size was 218. Convenient sampling technique was used. Sample was taken from intermediate and Undergraduate Medical students (MBBS, DPT, Psychology and allied health sciences). Medical students who were using sedative or anti-depressants, facing family stress and have chronic illness were not included. PSS (perceived stress scale) is used for evaluation of stress in students and PSQI (Pittsburg sleep quality index) is used for assessment of sleep disturbance in students. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 19. Chi square was applied with P ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Most of the students had moderate stress associated with poor sleep. 25 students had mild stress, 126 had moderate stress and 23 had severe stress due to poor sleep. P value of stress and sleep quality is 0.054 which is considered statistically significant. Conclusion: We concluded that there was significant association between stress and sleep quality in the target medical student population of Gujranwala. Keywords: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Stress, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Sleep Disturbance.

Aim: To find the benefits of the multidisciplinary team approach for the rehabilitation of patients with stroke. Methodology: This cohort case series was conducted at physiotherapy department, Syed Medical Complex Sialkot in 2017-18 after ethical approval. Open epi calculator was used for sample size estimation and found 70 patients. Non-probability, consecutive sampling technique was used to enroll the patients after screening for eligibility criteria and taking their consent. FIMFAM scale was used to measure the outcomes at 1st visit, after 4 weeks, and on follow up. Results: Mean ± standard deviation of the age of participants was 62.57±8.02 years. Out of them, 74.28% (52) had left sided while 25.71% (18) had right sided stroke. Mean of total FIMFAM score at 1st visit, after 4 weeks, and on follow up was 42.50±20.58, 77.70±25.56 and 126.83±21.30 respectively (P=0.000). Mean difference of 1st visit and after 4 weeks was 35.20 (p value=0.000), Mean difference after 4 weeks and follow up was 49.13 (p value=0.000). Conclusion: We concluded that multidisciplinary team approach in patients with stroke can produce significant improvement in their functional outcomes, therefore can limit the risk of death and delayed recovery. Keywords: Multidisciplinary Team Approach, Stroke, Rehabilitation and FIMFAM Scale.

In this paper, the notion of $$(\varphi , F)$$ -weak contractions in the framework of metric-like spaces is introduced and the corresponding fixed point theorems are established. As an attempt to answer the common question regarding the uniqueness of trivial solutions of homogeneous integral equations on time scales, one of our main results is applied to investigate sufficient criteria for existence and uniqueness of solution of nonlinear Fredholm integral equations of the second kind on time scales. The latter result is obtained through a new Lipschitz condition on the kernel different from the usual ones. Examples are constructed to show that our ideas herein are new and generalize some recently announced results in the literature.

The objectives of the article were to highlight the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and teaching effectiveness of lecturers at public universities of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The researcher adopted a quantitative research design to examine the relationship between the variables under study. The population of the study was lecturers working at public universities of Peshawar. A multistage sampling technique was used to select a sample of the study. Data was gathered using the Self Report Measure of Emotional Intelligence and Teaching Effectiveness Scale. The validity of the instrument was determined through experts opinion while reliability was established using Cronbach Alpha. Data were analyzed applying Pearson Product Correlation using SPSS 20 version. The findings of the study revealed significant relationship between all the facets of emotional intelligence and teaching effectiveness. On the basis of findings it is recommended that higher educational institutions must focus on significance of EI for effective performance and for such purpose emphasise enhancing and promoting their EI skills.

Background: Medicinal plants are used in anticancer therapies from ages. The very first time we have not only screened anticancer medicinal plants from Pakistan but also identified anticancer plant terpenes. This study will definitely pave the way towards anticancer drug development after animal trials. Materials and Methods | This study was based on ethanolic extraction of fruits/seed of 25 plants. The cytotoxic potential of extracts and plant terpenes was evaluated against mouse fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) cell line by using MTT (3- [4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay and compared with cyclohexamide. Results | Ethanolic extracts were nontoxic against NIH3T3 cell line. On the basis of the % inhibition plants were graded as B.lycium, 48% > T.bellerica, 47% > C.verum, 45% > Z.tenuior, 39% > H. adenophyllum, 38% > C. carandas, 31% > C.behen, 29% > P. juliflora, 28% & P.granatum, 28% W.somnifera, 27% > E.cheiri, 26% > S. potatorum, 24% & M.incana, 24% > D. peregrina, 21% & B.lanzan, 21% > L. maldivica, 20% > F. lyrata, 18% > F.arabica, 16% & R. indica, 16% > C.absus, 13% & C.paniculatus, 13%. > C. diurnum, 12% > J.mimosifolia, 11% > D.malabarica, 8% > C. speciosa, 3% as compared to the reference drug Cyclohexamide, 70%. Whereas the maximum % inhibition was exhibited by n-Hexadecanoic acid (88%), followed by Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (16%) and Methyl decanoate displayed 11%. C50 of n-Hexadecanoic acid and Cyclohexamide was 3.1±0.2 and 0.8±0.2 respectively. Conclusion| Plant extracts and terpenes was found to be inactive against 3T3 cell line.

Purpose: To identify a novel source of terpenoid anticancer compounds from P. juliflora (Sw.) DC. (Leguminosae) pods as a medicinal substitute for cancer medicines.Methods: The pods were collected, dried and pulverized. The ethanol extract was prepared by maceration. Various phyto-constituents were detected in the extract by UV-VIS spectroscopy at a wavelength ranging from 200 - 800 nm. The molecular formula, chemical structure, and percent peak area of these phyto-constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used for functional group determination of bioactive compounds.Results: P. juliflora pods were rich in tannins, carotenoid and terpenoids. Nineteen bioactive compounds were detected. Out of these, thirteen are here reported for the first time with four of them exhibiting anticancer activities, while two belong chemically to terpenoids. Furthermore, FTIR established characteristic peaks for the various biologically-active functional groups.Conclusion: The results show that P. juliflora pods is a valuable source of anticancer, antitumor and chemoprotective compounds, especially terpenoids, that can potentially be developed as alternatives to current painful and costly cancer therapies.Keywords: Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., Anticancer terpenoids, Attenuated total reflectance-FTIR, Herbal medicine

State-of-the-art techniques for enhancing system-levelreliability for SoCs include both design-time and run-time strategies, such as task mapping and reliable communication network design. In contrast to task mapping where the network topology is predefined, fault-tolerance in the communication network design involves the reliability evaluation of the network topology. In this paper, we apply the idea of k-node fault tolerant graph to address the challenge of reliable network design. To determine k-node fault tolerant graph for an arbitrary subject graph is non-trivial. We propose a heuristic based on divide-and-conquer approach and validate the quality of the results with an exhaustive search for small graphs. The effectiveness of proposed methodology is demonstrated with real multiprocessor computational task using a commercial system-level design environment.

The vibration characteristics of ring stiffened cylindrical shells are analyzed. These shells are assumed to be structured from functionally graded materials (FGM) and are stiffened with isotropic rings. The problem is formulated by coupling the expressions for strain and kinetic energies of a circular cylindrical shell with those for rings. The Lagrangian function is framed by taking difference of strain and kinetic energies. The Rayleigh-Ritz approach is employed to obtain shell dynamical equations. The axial model dependence is approximated by characteristic beam functions that satisfy the boundary conditions. The validity and efficiency of the present technique are verified by comparisons of present results with the previous ones determined by other researchers.

Purpose : To identify a novel source of terpenoid anticancer compounds from P. juliflora (Sw.) DC. (Leguminosae) pods as a medicinal substitute for cancer medicines. Methods : The pods were collected, dried and pulverized. The ethanol extract was prepared by maceration. Various phyto-constituents were detected in the extract by UV-VIS spectroscopy at a wavelength ranging from 200 - 800 nm. The molecular formula, chemical structure, and percent peak area of these phyto-constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used for functional group determination of bioactive compounds. Results : P. juliflora pods were rich in tannins, carotenoid and terpenoids. Nineteen bioactive compounds were detected. Out of these, thirteen are here reported for the first time with four of them exhibiting anticancer activities, while two belong chemically to terpenoids. Furthermore, FTIR established characteristic peaks for the various biologically-active functional groups. Conclusion : The results show that P. juliflora pods is a valuable source of anticancer, antitumor and chemoprotective compounds, especially terpenoids, that can potentially be developed as alternatives to current painful and costly cancer therapies. Keywords : Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., Anticancer terpenoids, Attenuated total reflectance-FTIR, Herbal medicine