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Loss compensation via inserting gain is of fundamental importance in different branches of photonics, nanoplasmonics, and metamaterial science. This effect has found an impressive implementation in the parity-time symmetric (PT-symmetric) structures possessing balanced distribution of loss and gain. In this work, we generalize this phenomenon to the asymmetric systems demonstrating loss compensation in the coupled multi-mode loss-gain dielectric waveguides of different radii. We show that similar to the PT-symmetric coupled single-mode waveguides of identical radii, the asymmetric systems support the exceptional points called here the loss compensation (LC) thresholds where the frequency spectrum undergoes a transition from complex to real values. Moreover, the LC-symmetry thresholds can be obtained for dissimilar modes excited in the waveguides providing an additional degree of freedom to control the system response. In particular, changing loss and gain of asymmetric coupled waveguides, we observe loss compensation for TM and TE modes as well as for the hybrid HE and EH modes., Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures

A rigorous analytical approach is applied to solve the eigenvalue problem for a pair of circular dielectric cylinders with complex permittivity. This approach relies on field expansion in terms of two sets of orthogonal azimuthal modes, which are coupled due to finite distance between the cylinders. We investigate the ability of a gain-dielectric cylinder operated in the fundamental TM mode to compensate material losses of a larger cylinder operated in the higher-order radial TM mode. To achieve such a loss compensation phenomenon, a simple design strategy is developed. It is shown that this phenomenon can be achieved for a certain distance between the cylinders, which is associated with the exceptional point of the system. For smaller distances, the adverse impact of high-order azimuthal (hybrid) modes are found to be essential. The results obtained are validated against full-wave simulations., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures

Wave scattering from a cylinder with a tensor impedance surface is investigated based on the Lorentz-Mie theory. A practical example of such a cylinder is a subwavelength metallic rod with helical dielectric-filled corrugations. The investigation is performed with the aim to maximize scattering cross-section by tailoring the surface impedance of cylindrical scatterers. For the normally incident TEz and TMz waves the required surface impedance of a subwavelength cylinder can be produced by longitudinal (axial) and transverse (circumferential) corrugations, respectively. It is shown that such corrugations induce superscattering at multiple frequencies, which can be widely tuned with either or both the size and permittivity of dielectric-filled corrugations. In the microwave band, this effect is demonstrated to be robust to material losses and is validated against the full-wave simulations and experiment. For the TEz waves the enhanced scattering from the cylinder is found to have a broad frequency bandwidth, provided that the relative permittivity of corrugations is low or equal unity. In the latter case, the corrugated cylinder acts as an all-metal superscatterer. For such cylinders the near-field measurements are implemented and provide the first experimental evidence of the superscattering phenomenon for all-metal objects. In addition to multifrequency superscattering, the dielectric-filled corrugations are shown to provide multifrequency cloaking of the cylinder under the incidence of the TMz waves. Simultaneous superscattering and cloaking at multiple frequencies distinguishes corrugated cylinders from other known practicable scatterers for potential applications in antenna designing, sensing, and energy harvesting., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures

The transmission of linearly and circularly polarized waves are studied both theoretically and experimentally for chiral metasurfaces formed by arrays of metallic square helices. The helical particles of the metasurfaces are constructed of rectangular bars manufactured by direct three-dimensional printing in solid metal. The transmittance of the metasurface is found to depend critically on the number of bars forming the square helical particles. In the case of an even number of bars, the chiral metasurface exhibits identical co-polarized transmittance of orthogonal linearly polarized waves, which are characterized by a dual-band asymmetric transmission. For an odd number of bars, the metasurface provides the same cross-polarization conversion for any polarization orientation of the incident field and thus serves as a polarization-independent twist polarizer. Finally, the transmittance of this polarizer is investigated with respect to the dimensions of the square helices. The investigated chiral metasurfaces are characterized by strong broadband circular dichroism regardless of the number of bars in the helical particles. The wide variety of transmission properties observed in the metasurfaces makes them particularly attractive for use in polarization conversion and separation devices., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures

Scattering from a dielectric nanowire coated by helical graphene strips (nanoribbons) is investigated for dual-polarized wave at oblique incidence. In the long-wavelength approximation, the helical strips are treated as a homogeneous layer with averaged tensor conductivity. It is shown that performance of well-known surface cloaks in the form of graphene monolayer, axial and azimuthal graphene strips can be deteriorated in a wide range of incidence angles. To overcome this problem, helical graphene strips are proposed as an advanced metasurface for dual-polarized all-angle cloaking of dielectric nanowire in the terahertz band. It is found that such metasurface suppresses scattering from nanowire more effectively as compared to graphene monolayer, regardless of the angle of wave incidence. Moreover, dual-polarized all-angle cloaking of dielectric nanowire can be broadly tuned in frequency with parameters of helical graphene strips., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures

Electromagnetic response is studied for clusters of subwavelength graphene-coated nanowires illuminated by a linearly polarized plane wave in the terahertz frequency range. The solution of the scattering problem is obtained with the Lorenz-Mie theory and the multiple cylinder scattering formalism. The results show that normalized scattering cross-sections of nanowire clusters can be drastically changed by the symmetry breaking introduced into the cluster's design. This effect is due to excitation of dark modes and is observed only for the incident wave of TE-polarization., Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures

In the long-wavelength approximation, the effective conductivity tensor is introduced for graphene ribbons (strips) placed periodically at the interface between two media. The resulting conducting surface is considered as a coating for semiconductor nanowire. For the hybrid waves of such nanowire the dispersion equations are obtained in explicit form. Two types of surface plasmons are found to exist: (i) the modified surface plasmons, which originate from the ordinary surface plasmons of a graphene-coated semiconductor nanowire, and (ii) the spoof plasmons, which arise on the array of graphene ribbons and may possess forward-wave and backward-wave dispersion. It is revealed that the spoof surface plasmons are low-loss ones, and their frequencies, field-confinement and group velocities can be tuned widely by adjusting the coil angle and width of helical graphene strips., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures